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dict_dl/en_MerriamWebster/ref_MW.json
julius f6f87f097d less memory... but not perfect
2022-07-10 05:08:12 +00:00

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{
"Reform Jew":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": an adherent of Reform Judaism":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-102734",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"Reform Judaism":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": Judaism marked by a liberal approach in nonobservance of much legal tradition regarded as irrelevant to the present and in shortening and simplification of traditional ritual \u2014 compare conservative judaism , orthodox judaism":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"circa 1905, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-103012",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"ref":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a referee in a game or sport":[],
"reference":[],
"refunding":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Alma coach Jason Couch, dressed in his typical kilt, goes out to argue with the ref during a timeout. \u2014 Freep.com , 10 June 2022",
"Animal rights activist Sasha Zemmel (@SashaMonik) dressed as #NBA ref arrested while protesting #Timberwolves owner Glen Taylor for animal cruelty. \u2014 Natasha Dado, PEOPLE.com , 25 Apr. 2022",
"Briefly: Jordan Samuels-Thomas made his debut as an NHL referee and became the first NHL\u2019s first Black ref since Jay Sharrers worked a game between the Islanders and Hurricanes on April 2, 2004. ... \u2014 Matt Carlson, San Francisco Chronicle , 14 Apr. 2022",
"Smith followed that with a loud curse toward the ref . \u2014 Scott Horner, The Indianapolis Star , 1 Mar. 2022",
"But a ref complained to arena staffers, and so Van Zee was briefly separated from a trumpet that once belonged to his grandfather. \u2014 Joseph Goodman, al , 22 Feb. 2022",
"Coaches and a ref had to calm the Mountain View bench down. \u2014 Richard Obert, The Arizona Republic , 9 Feb. 2022",
"Joaquin was frustrated by a series of bad calls a referee had made in a basketball game, which inspired the father and son to call the recreational league and ask to have the ref switched out. \u2014 Emily Shapiro, ABC News , 14 Feb. 2022",
"After inadvertently taking out the ref with an F5, Brock Lesnar covered Bobby Lashley for 19 seconds. \u2014 Alfred Konuwa, Forbes , 30 Jan. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1890, in the meaning defined above":"Noun"
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8ref"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-104133",
"type":[
"abbreviation",
"noun"
]
},
"reface":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to cover the front of (something) again":[
"refaced the kitchen cabinets"
],
": to face (something or someone) again: such as":[],
": to renew the surface of (something) by cutting or grinding":[
"refaced engine valves"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1635, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8f\u0101s"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-185830",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refashion":{
"antonyms":[
"fix",
"freeze",
"set",
"stabilize"
],
"definitions":{
": remake , alter":[]
},
"examples":[
"refashioned my old pair of jeans into a cover for my scrapbook",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The highlight here is the 65-page title story, which follows a sheltered Nebraska college kid on a trip to Italy to refashion himself into a cooler, more sophisticated version of himself. \u2014 oregonlive , 23 June 2022",
"My New Republic colleague Kate Aronoff proposed last year that the United States join OPEC and refashion it into an organization to address climate change. \u2014 Timothy Noah, The New Republic , 10 June 2022",
"But otherwise, Villanueva made an increasingly hard turn to the right to refashion himself as a conservative law-and-order sheriff. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 8 June 2022",
"And in the aftermath of 9/11, the Middle East took on importance as Washington hunted down terrorists and sought, however haphazardly, to refashion a political culture that had generated so much hate. \u2014 Reuel Marc Gerecht And Ray Takeyh, WSJ , 22 Mar. 2022",
"If history is a guide, the Rams can refashion the line one of two ways: veteran players or rookies. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 19 Mar. 2022",
"In response to these critics, President Joe Biden forged the commission of 34 scholars, lawyers, and former government officials to explore ways to refashion the Court. \u2014 Michael Bobelian, Forbes , 25 Jan. 2022",
"After decades of trying to refashion itself as a 9-to-5 business center geared toward commuters arriving by car, the city is attracting new residents who demand better amenities, higher levels of service, and a stronger sense of place. \u2014 Steven Litt, cleveland , 22 Dec. 2021",
"In the process, Curry continues to refashion the 3-point line as his personal canvas, and with each week that passes, his record-setting total will grow: 2,977 career 3-pointers and counting in 789 games. \u2014 New York Times , 14 Dec. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1613, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fa-sh\u0259n"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"alter",
"change",
"make over",
"modify",
"recast",
"redo",
"remake",
"remodel",
"revamp",
"revise",
"rework",
"vary"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-173752",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refashioning":{
"antonyms":[
"fix",
"freeze",
"set",
"stabilize"
],
"definitions":{
": remake , alter":[]
},
"examples":[
"refashioned my old pair of jeans into a cover for my scrapbook",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The highlight here is the 65-page title story, which follows a sheltered Nebraska college kid on a trip to Italy to refashion himself into a cooler, more sophisticated version of himself. \u2014 oregonlive , 23 June 2022",
"My New Republic colleague Kate Aronoff proposed last year that the United States join OPEC and refashion it into an organization to address climate change. \u2014 Timothy Noah, The New Republic , 10 June 2022",
"But otherwise, Villanueva made an increasingly hard turn to the right to refashion himself as a conservative law-and-order sheriff. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 8 June 2022",
"And in the aftermath of 9/11, the Middle East took on importance as Washington hunted down terrorists and sought, however haphazardly, to refashion a political culture that had generated so much hate. \u2014 Reuel Marc Gerecht And Ray Takeyh, WSJ , 22 Mar. 2022",
"If history is a guide, the Rams can refashion the line one of two ways: veteran players or rookies. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 19 Mar. 2022",
"In response to these critics, President Joe Biden forged the commission of 34 scholars, lawyers, and former government officials to explore ways to refashion the Court. \u2014 Michael Bobelian, Forbes , 25 Jan. 2022",
"After decades of trying to refashion itself as a 9-to-5 business center geared toward commuters arriving by car, the city is attracting new residents who demand better amenities, higher levels of service, and a stronger sense of place. \u2014 Steven Litt, cleveland , 22 Dec. 2021",
"In the process, Curry continues to refashion the 3-point line as his personal canvas, and with each week that passes, his record-setting total will grow: 2,977 career 3-pointers and counting in 789 games. \u2014 New York Times , 14 Dec. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1613, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fa-sh\u0259n"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"alter",
"change",
"make over",
"modify",
"recast",
"redo",
"remake",
"remodel",
"revamp",
"revise",
"rework",
"vary"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-061303",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refection":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": food and drink together : repast":[],
": the taking of refreshment":[]
},
"examples":[
"refections at the monastery are as spartan as the surroundings",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"This is a refection of both Joran and I in the design. \u2014 Bob Townsend, ajc , 26 June 2019"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English refeccioun , from Anglo-French refectiun , from Latin refection-, refectio , from reficere to restore, from re- + facere to make \u2014 more at do":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fek-sh\u0259n"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"chow",
"feed",
"meal",
"menu",
"mess",
"repast",
"table"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-234508",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refer":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to allot to a particular place, stage, or period":[],
": to direct attention usually by clear and specific mention":[
"no one referred to yesterday's quarrel"
],
": to direct for testimony or guaranty as to character or ability":[],
": to explain in terms of a general cause":[],
": to have recourse : glance briefly":[
"referred frequently to his notes while speaking"
],
": to have relation or connection : relate":[],
": to regard as coming from or located in a specific area":[],
": to send or direct for treatment, aid, information, or decision":[
"refer a patient to a specialist",
"refer a bill back to a committee"
],
": to think of, regard, or classify within a general category or group":[]
},
"examples":[
"How can doctors refer patients for treatment without examining them first",
"Most of the patients we see here were referred by other doctors.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"When an 18th-century poet combined Christopher Marlowe\u2019s unflattering portrayal of Isabella with the term She-Wolf, which Shakespeare had used to refer to Margaret of Anjou in Henry VI, the nickname stuck. \u2014 Anne Th\u00e9riault, Longreads , 21 June 2022",
"But unlike other recent high-profile massacres nationally in Uvalde and Buffalo, the violence in Vestavia Hills is not technically considered a mass shooting \u2013 a term typically used to refer to shootings with four or more victims. \u2014 Ashley Remkus | Aremkus@al.com, al , 18 June 2022",
"The name refers to the Turkish people, a name used to refer to those living in the region since at least the Middle Age. \u2014 Adam Taylor, Washington Post , 2 June 2022",
"And while Russia is considered a rogue state \u2014 a loose term used by international theorists to refer to countries that threaten global peace and order \u2014 by the U.S. government, China is not. \u2014 Josh Rottenberg, Los Angeles Times , 27 May 2022",
"Astronomers use the term NEO is used to refer to any object that passes within 30 million miles of Earth\u2019s orbit. \u2014 Joshua Hawkins, BGR , 24 May 2022",
"That same year, the suit says, Zolciak-Biermann used the N-word to refer to Leakes and other of the housewives after a dispute with them, the suit alleges. \u2014 NBC News , 21 Apr. 2022",
"That same year, the suit says, Zolciak-Biermann used the N-word to refer to Leakes and other of the housewives after a dispute with them, the suit alleges. \u2014 CBS News , 21 Apr. 2022",
"That same year, the suit says, Zolciak-Biermann used the N-word to refer to Leakes and other of the housewives after a dispute with them, the suit alleges. \u2014 Andrew Dalton, USA TODAY , 20 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a(1)":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English referren , from Anglo-French referer, referir , from Latin referre to bring back, report, refer, from re- + ferre to carry \u2014 more at bear":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u0259r"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"appertain",
"apply",
"bear",
"pertain",
"relate"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-214420",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"transitive verb",
"verb"
]
},
"refer (to)":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to have a direct connection or relationship to (something)":[
"The word \"finch\" refers to a kind of bird.",
"The numbers shown in the text refer to footnotes at the bottom of the page."
],
": to look at or in (something) for information":[
"She often refers to her notes when giving a speech.",
"Please refer to our website for more information."
],
": to talk about or write about (someone or something) especially briefly : to mention (someone or something) in speech or in writing":[
"No one referred to the incident."
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-223449",
"type":[
"phrasal verb"
]
},
"referee":{
"antonyms":[
"adjudge",
"adjudicate",
"arbitrate",
"decide",
"determine",
"judge",
"rule (on)",
"settle",
"umpire"
],
"definitions":{
": a person to whom a legal matter is referred for investigation and report or for settlement":[],
": a person who reviews a paper and especially a technical paper and recommends that it should or should not be published":[],
": a sports official usually having final authority in administering a game":[],
": one to whom a thing is referred : such as":[],
": reference sense 4a":[],
": to act as a referee":[],
": to arbitrate (something, such as a legal matter) as a judge or third party":[],
": to conduct (a match or game) as referee":[],
": to review (something, such as a technical paper) before publication":[]
},
"examples":[
"Noun",
"served as the unofficial referee in disputes over the family business",
"Verb",
"She refereed the basketball game.",
"He has refereed for several years now.",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Ernst has tried to turn his life around since his 2019 arrest and has worked part time as a tennis instructor, hockey referee , and a rental car cleaner, Ernst's lawyers said. \u2014 CBS News , 1 July 2022",
"Northeast Ohio native and retired college basketball referee Phil Bova is scheduled to give four presentations at Cuyahoga County Public Library branches. \u2014 Marc Bona, cleveland , 18 June 2022",
"Before Dallas' 109-100 loss to the Golden State Warriors Sunday night, referee Marc Davis went up to Pinson and asked if Pinson would change his white shirt. \u2014 Lorenzo Reyes, USA TODAY , 23 May 2022",
"Jaszapati was DQed, but the referee \u2014 who has wide discretion \u2014 merely advanced Santos and Kikuchi to the consolation final. \u2014 Paul Newberry, ajc , 16 Feb. 2022",
"Jaszapati was DQ\u2019d, but the referee \u2014 who has wide discretion \u2014 merely advanced Santos and Kikuchi to the consolation final. \u2014 San Francisco Chronicle , 16 Feb. 2022",
"Jaszapati was disqualified, but the referee \u2014 who has wide discretion \u2014 merely advanced Santos and Kikuchi to the consolation final. \u2014 Paul Newberry, chicagotribune.com , 16 Feb. 2022",
"Part of the answer, says Mr. Wheeler, is an interagency referee \u2013 a permanent position vacant since 2019 that was filled this week by the Senate confirmation of President Joe Biden\u2019s nominee, Alan Davidson. \u2014 Dwight A. Weingarten, The Christian Science Monitor , 12 Jan. 2022",
"To some, that means verbal torture, talking up the smack, giving utterance to the moment, whether its straight into the mug of an opponent, a referee , or anybody else. \u2014 Gordon Monson, The Salt Lake Tribune , 1 Nov. 2021",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"O\u2019Sullivan was allowed to start the eighth but the Cuban drove him back with another hard left and referee Benjy Esteves waved an end to the fight. \u2014 Brian Mahoney, ajc , 29 May 2022",
"State officials have moved Thursday's meeting of the Board of State Canvassers to a room with larger capacity as board members prepare to referee a fraudulent signature scandal that is expected to cut the field of Republican candidates in half. \u2014 Paul Egan, Detroit Free Press , 26 May 2022",
"Only slightly less annoying is the ex- referee the networks keep on standby who pops up to chime in on whether the call was correct, and roughly 98 percent of the time finds a way to agree with the call or rationalize why a bad one was made. \u2014 Globe Staff, BostonGlobe.com , 21 May 2022",
"There was trash-talking, fun banter, technical fouls and referee commentary. \u2014 Damichael Cole, USA TODAY , 27 Apr. 2022",
"Across Massachusetts, hundreds of hockey games have been canceled this spring because no one was available to referee them, said Eugene Binda, who manages and assigns youth referees in the state. \u2014 New York Times , 21 Apr. 2022",
"In Uttar Pradesh, India\u2019s most populous state, the commission was forced to referee a bitter family feud in 2017 between Akhilesh Yadav, then-chief minister of the state, and his father over control of the regional Samajwadi Party. \u2014 Rajesh Roy, WSJ , 6 Mar. 2022",
"After a brief delay, referee Alex Kemp announced the game was over. \u2014 Schuyler Dixon, Chron , 16 Jan. 2022",
"Then referee Kelly Pfeifer stood on a chair and tried to give it a poke. \u2014 Scott Horner, The Indianapolis Star , 18 Mar. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1549, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"1883, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense":"Verb"
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccre-f\u0259-\u02c8r\u0113"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"adjudicator",
"arbiter",
"arbitrator",
"judge",
"umpire"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-204130",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"reference":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a bearing on a matter : relation":[
"in reference to your recent letter"
],
": a person to whom inquiries as to character or ability can be made":[],
": a source of information (such as a book or passage) to which a reader or consulter is referred":[],
": a statement of the qualifications of a person seeking employment or appointment given by someone familiar with the person":[],
": a work (such as a dictionary or encyclopedia) containing useful facts or information":[],
": allusion , mention":[],
": consultation of sources of information":[],
": denotation , meaning":[],
": one referred to or consulted: such as":[],
": something (such as a sign or indication) that refers a reader or consulter to another source of information (such as a book or passage)":[],
": something that refers : such as":[],
": the act of referring or consulting":[],
": to cite in or as a reference":[],
": to put in a form (such as a table) adapted to easy reference":[],
": to supply with references":[]
},
"examples":[
"Noun",
"references to an earlier event",
"The numbers were calculated by reference to the most recent census.",
"Reference to a map will make the position clear.",
"She listed her former teacher as a reference when she applied for the job.",
"Her former teacher gave her a reference when she applied for the job.",
"Her teacher gave her a letter of reference .",
"Adjective",
"a list of reference materials",
"Verb",
"The book references many other authors who have written on this topic.",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"The Duchess\u2019s clearest style reference here, though",
"Our hotel is a reference to history\u2014the history of France. \u2014 Roxanne Adamiyatt, Town & Country , 14 June 2022",
"Ascher gets more mileage out of references to Kubrick and an extended, appropriately spooky reference to The Miracle Worker. \u2014 John Defore, The Hollywood Reporter , 9 June 2022",
"In May 1934, newspaper articles reference Hardrick's work on a group of four murals that were commissioned by the federal government for Crispus Attucks. \u2014 Domenica Bongiovanni, The Indianapolis Star , 6 June 2022",
"Rudi, the left fielder, led the A\u2019s in WAR per FanGraphs (5.3) and baseball- reference (6.1). \u2014 Matt Kawahara, San Francisco Chronicle , 3 June 2022",
"The name is a reference to the 1998 action film Ronin, starring Robert De Niro and remembered for its realistic car chases featuring European sedans sliding around Paris and the French countryside. \u2014 Caleb Miller, Car and Driver , 4 May 2022",
"That appeared to be a reference to the Cold War between the US and the USSR -- during which India was officially nonaligned. \u2014 Rhea Mogul And Simone Mccarthy, CNN , 22 Apr. 2022",
"And just like this Mean Girls reference , one of her recent outfits is giving us a major blast from the past. \u2014 Alex Warner, PEOPLE.com , 22 Apr. 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"State officials regularly cross- reference voting records with BMV records, which list someone\u2019s citizenship status on their driver\u2019s license. \u2014 Andrew J. Tobias, cleveland , 12 July 2021",
"This process sees them cross- reference lists of the dead from the Washington Department of Health and the Social Security Administration. \u2014 Tim Gruver, Washington Examiner , 11 Dec. 2020",
"The access could help OFAC cross- reference information with other investigators, including those in the U.S. intelligence community, said Mr. Lorber, a former senior adviser to the Treasury\u2019s undersecretary for terrorism and financial intelligence. \u2014 Jack Hagel, WSJ , 7 Sep. 2020",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"The dial, case and rubber strap all reference the racing team\u2019s aqua green, black and silver colors. \u2014 Bryan Hood, Robb Report , 12 June 2022",
"To this day, people reference the unexpected moment, and a photo of it is even being sold as an NFT by photographer John Shearer. \u2014 Rosa Sanchez, Harper's BAZAAR , 10 June 2022",
"And high school counselors routinely reference a 2017 New York Times op-ed written by a former Dartmouth admissions director who was impressed not by a letter from a celebrity but one by a janitor. \u2014 Norman Vanamee, Town & Country , 1 June 2022",
"Before drafting each document, the writer will reference the guide and know what to do and what not do to when drafting a client's content. \u2014 Yec, Forbes , 18 May 2022",
"The Abernaki people from Maine also reference the planting season by calling this full moon the field maker moon, according to Western Washington University. \u2014 Megan Marples, CNN , 15 May 2022",
"Both candidates reference former President Donald Trump in their closing ads, although Mooney has Trump\u2019s endorsement. \u2014 Mark Murray, NBC News , 10 May 2022",
"The department asked people with information about the incident to call the Washington County non-emergency line, 503-629-0111, and reference Beaverton Police case No. 22-1260987. \u2014 oregonlive , 7 May 2022",
"People try to reference other things, like movie titles and ironic uses of words, to imply things that the government would find sensitive. \u2014 Washington Post , 22 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1579, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"1856, in the meaning defined above":"Adjective",
"1876, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":"Verb"
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8re-fr\u0259ns, -f\u0259-r\u0259ns",
"\u02c8re-f\u0259-r\u0259ns",
"\u02c8re-f(\u0259-)r\u0259n(t)s",
"\u02c8re-f\u0259rn(t)s",
"\u02c8ref-(\u0259-)r\u0259n(t)s",
"\u02c8ref-r\u0259ns"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"authority",
"source"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-080051",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refine":{
"antonyms":[
"worsen"
],
"definitions":{
": to become pure or perfected":[],
": to free (something, such as metal, sugar, or oil) from impurities or unwanted material":[],
": to free from moral imperfection : elevate":[],
": to free from what is coarse, vulgar, or uncouth":[],
": to improve or perfect by pruning or polishing":[
"refine a poetic style"
],
": to make improvement by introducing subtleties or distinctions":[],
": to reduce in vigor or intensity":[]
},
"examples":[
"The inventor of the machine spent years refining the design.",
"The class is meant to help you refine your writing style.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Insurers and data providers to that sector have invested in data analysts and climate scientists to build and refine advanced models that can help map out potential damage well before any bad weather hits. \u2014 Richard Vanderford, WSJ , 24 June 2022",
"The feedback loops linked to those models will improve accuracy over time, continually enrich every profile and refine the scoring models. \u2014 Michel Kilzi, Forbes , 22 June 2022",
"But nobody had to actually coach quite like trainer Idan Ravin, who can normally be found helping NBA stars like LeBron James and Stephen Curry refine their skills. \u2014 Jason Diamond, The Hollywood Reporter , 20 June 2022",
"Working with mentor Guangli Liu, Chandoutis also used massively multiplayer online role-playing games to create and refine the project\u2019s previz animatics. \u2014 Ben Croll, Variety , 16 June 2022",
"Many of these metals are abundant in the Earth\u2019s crust, but tend to be in low concentrations and are expensive to separate and refine . \u2014 Tristan Bove, Fortune , 10 June 2022",
"Roll Topicals\u2019s newly-launched hair tonic\u2014a lightweight blend of salicylic acid, zinc PCA, and glycolic acid\u2014onto the face, armpits, and bikini area to prevent ingrown hairs and refine skin texture. \u2014 Kiana Murden, Vogue , 3 June 2022",
"Hubble data has allowed scientists to discover and refine that accelerating rate. \u2014 Ashley Strickland, CNN , 28 May 2022",
"Shea butter, jojoba oil and vitamin E work to moisturize and refine the skin, while salicylic acid removes the unwanted build-up of sebum, clearing out blackheads to reveal revitalized skin underneath. \u2014 The Salt Lake Tribune , 15 May 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1582, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u012bn"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"ameliorate",
"amend",
"better",
"enhance",
"enrich",
"help",
"improve",
"meliorate",
"perfect",
"upgrade"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-001005",
"type":[
"noun",
"transitive verb",
"verb"
]
},
"refined":{
"antonyms":[
"backward",
"low",
"lower",
"nonprogressive",
"primitive",
"retarded",
"rude",
"rudimentary",
"undeveloped"
],
"definitions":{
": fastidious , cultivated":[],
": free from impurities":[],
": precise , exact":[
"a refined test for radioactivity"
]
},
"examples":[
"She has become more refined in her painting technique.",
"He has very refined manners.",
"refined and elegant works of art",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"That difference -- of more than 15% at the pump -- is the result of the historically high profit margins for refining oil into gasoline, diesel and other refined products. \u2014 Armando Garcia, ABC News , 15 June 2022",
"The president called on the companies to take immediate action to increase the supply of gasoline, diesel and other refined products. \u2014 Andrew Restuccia, WSJ , 15 June 2022",
"Still, the United States is importing refined oil products from countries like the Netherlands and India that most likely contain Russian crude, a loophole for oil from Russia to make its way to America. \u2014 New York Times , 13 June 2022",
"The most efficient way to move refined petroleum products is through pipelines \u2014 which the Biden administration and many state-level Democrats oppose as well. \u2014 The Editors, National Review , 10 June 2022",
"The conflict also created a global oil refining crunch, which is pushing up prices for refined petroleum products. \u2014 Nate Dicamillo, Quartz , 10 June 2022",
"The Biden administration wants to curb \u2013 and potentially ban outright \u2013 U.S. exports of oil and refined products. \u2014 Dan Eberhart, Forbes , 7 June 2022",
"When European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen proposed the package, the initial aim was to phase out imports of crude oil within six months and refined products by the end of the year. \u2014 Lorne Cook And Samuel Petrequin, Anchorage Daily News , 31 May 2022",
"When European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen proposed the package, the initial aim was to phase out imports of crude oil within six months and refined products by the end of the year. \u2014 Compiled Democrat-gazette Staff From Wire Reports, Arkansas Online , 31 May 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1582, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u012bnd"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"advanced",
"developed",
"evolved",
"forward",
"high",
"higher",
"improved",
"late",
"progressive"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-123848",
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"refined madder":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": flowers of madder":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-124058",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refinement":{
"antonyms":[
"setback"
],
"definitions":{
": a contrivance or device intended to improve or perfect":[],
": a highly refined distinction : subtlety":[],
": a refined feature or method":[],
": the action or process of refining":[],
": the quality or state of being refined : cultivation":[]
},
"examples":[
"the recent refinements in this area of medical technology",
"had a sense of refinement that her small hometown couldn't satisfy, so she moved to New York City to be closer to great museums and concert halls",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The outgoing generation of Toyota's largest SUV arrived for 2008 and has languished for 15 model years as the rest of the full-size competition has furiously advanced in refinement , drivability, technology, and desirability. \u2014 Drew Dorian, Car and Driver , 8 June 2022",
"He is recognized for his eclectic and emblematic interiors and prefers neither minimalism nor excess: His projects show balance and a vision of refinement , comfort, and openness. \u2014 The Editors Of Elle Decor, ELLE Decor , 1 June 2022",
"The wine ferments the first two days in the stainless steel tank and then is transferred to the wood, where the fermentation ends, and then remains in refinement for a period ranging from 8 to 11 months, depending on the harvest. \u2014 John Mariani, Forbes , 16 May 2022",
"Inspired by the Netflix series, the book features 75 cocktail recipes that draw directly from the Regency era in both refinement and ingredients. \u2014 Maureen Lee Lenker, EW.com , 31 Mar. 2022",
"This gives the drink a luxury refinement , a modern kind of heritage that's ultimately one of the pillars of the tequila house. \u2014 Angelika Pokovba, Travel + Leisure , 29 Jan. 2022",
"In this case, the partnership is a bit of both, with MIT supplying a steady stream of graduate students and postdocs who want to work on the continuing refinement of CFS\u2019s tokamak technology. \u2014 Caroline Delbert, Popular Mechanics , 6 June 2022",
"Business leaders need to cultivate a culture centered around simplicity across every part of the organization and evolve operational models centered around the perpetual refinement of products and services. \u2014 Jaspreet Singh, Forbes , 27 Apr. 2022",
"Chenal needs refinement in coverage, but his size and speed, combined with his instincts against the run, will likely see him get selected on day two of the draft. \u2014 Eddie Brown, San Diego Union-Tribune , 28 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"circa 1611, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u012bn-m\u0259nt"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"advance",
"advancement",
"breakthrough",
"enhancement",
"improvement"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-104735",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refix":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to fix (something) again: such as":[],
": to repair (something) again":[
"Mike fixed and refixed cars that took me to field sites \u2026",
"\u2014 Sofya Aptekar"
],
": to set or establish (something) again and usually differently":[
"\u2026 [a country] was allowed to refix its exchange rate vis-\u00e0-vis the dollar.",
"\u2014 Grahame Thompson",
"We expect the match to be refixed [=rescheduled] at a later date.",
"\u2014 WiklowNews.net (Ireland)"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1591, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fiks"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-113112",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refixture":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to renew or replace the fixtures of (as a store, an office)":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + fixture":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"\"+"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-210846",
"type":[
"transitive verb"
]
},
"refl":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
"reflection ; reflective ; reflectively ; reflector":[],
"reflex ; reflexive":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-074417",
"type":[
"abbreviation"
]
},
"reflash":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a rekindling and bursting into flame":[
"prevent possible reflash by cooling the hot surface and any glowing material",
"\u2014 Training Manual for Auxiliary Firemen"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + flash":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02c8)r\u0113+"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-200025",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflation":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": restoration of deflated prices to a desirable level":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Covid, then reflation , then supply-chain inflation, then a tardy Fed, then war. \u2014 James Mackintosh, WSJ , 15 Mar. 2022",
"The move is a clear sign the reflation trade is back on track. \u2014 Bernhard Warner, Fortune , 24 Sep. 2021",
"Still, the whipsawing market reactions to the Fed have spurred debate among investors over what to do if reflation trades falter. \u2014 Eric Lam, Bloomberg.com , 22 June 2021",
"The reflation trade also got some help as investors mulled a bipartisan infrastructure deal, and positive stress test results were also a boon for the Financials sector. \u2014 Jj Kinahan, Forbes , 28 June 2021",
"So far, the reflation trade hasn't been kind to crypto coins. \u2014 Bernhard Warner, Fortune , 18 June 2021",
"Meanwhile, JPMorgan strategists led by Marko Kolanovic are doubling down on the reflation trade. \u2014 Fortune , 10 May 2021",
"Does this mean the reflation trade is a thing of the past",
"Long story short, investors are betting on a comeback in inflation (aka reflation ). \u2014 Dan Runkevicius, Forbes , 4 Mar. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1932, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + -flation (as in deflation )":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fl\u0101-sh\u0259n"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-113217",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"reflect":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": realize , consider":[],
": to bend or fold back":[],
": to bring about a specified appearance or characterization":[
"an act which reflects well on her"
],
": to bring or cast as a result":[
"his attitude reflects little credit on his judgment"
],
": to express a thought or opinion resulting from reflection":[],
": to give back or exhibit as an image, likeness, or outline : mirror":[
"the clouds were reflected in the water"
],
": to have a bearing or influence":[],
": to make manifest or apparent : show":[
"the painting reflects his artistic vision",
"the pulse reflects the condition of the heart"
],
": to prevent passage of and cause to change direction":[
"a mirror reflects light"
],
": to tend to bring reproach or discredit":[
"an investigation that reflects on all the members of the department"
],
": to think quietly and calmly":[],
": to throw back light or sound":[],
": to turn into or away from a course : deflect":[]
},
"examples":[
"The old church is reflected in the glass exterior of the skyscraper.",
"Her book clearly reflects her beliefs.",
"Where you learned a language is reflected in your accent.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"This non-sticky oil, made to slather on your hair, body, and face, has golden and copper specks to reflect light and create a soft shimmer perfect for everyday use. \u2014 Katie Intner, Harper's BAZAAR , 30 June 2022",
"During the online discussion, Tauriac asked participants to reflect on perspectives prioritized and overlooked in their education. \u2014 Jes\u00fas Marrero Su\u00e1rez, BostonGlobe.com , 29 June 2022",
"The lyrics are not just an extension of Willow\u2019s personality but reflect on bringing people together through hate. \u2014 Jazz Tangcay, Variety , 21 June 2022",
"The Kills have come to reignite the present and reflect on their past amid the room\u2019s angular, pre-Columbian temple decor and packed dance floor. \u2014 Steve Appleford, SPIN , 21 June 2022",
"Schools censured are not observing the principles of academic freedom and tenure approved by the group, and reflect on its present administration, according to its website. \u2014 oregonlive , 17 June 2022",
"On Monday mornings the team would regularly reflect on their weekend before the start of our weekly team meetings. \u2014 Dana Brownlee, Forbes , 9 June 2022",
"But on Thursday night, the members of the student group, Black Affinity, took time to celebrate and reflect . \u2014 Mj Slaby, The Indianapolis Star , 3 June 2022",
"The original hosts of The View reunited Thursday in honor of the talk show's 25th anniversary to reminisce about their experiences and reflect on a series that would become a long-running game changer for daytime television. \u2014 Andrea Towers, EW.com , 2 June 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 7":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Latin reflectere to bend back, from re- + flectere to bend":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flekt"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for reflect think , cogitate , reflect , reason , speculate , deliberate mean to use one's powers of conception, judgment, or inference. think is general and may apply to any mental activity, but used alone often suggests attainment of clear ideas or conclusions. teaches students how to think cogitate implies deep or intent thinking. cogitated on the mysteries of nature reflect suggests unhurried consideration of something recalled to the mind. reflecting on fifty years of married life reason stresses consecutive logical thinking. able to reason brilliantly in debate speculate implies reasoning about things theoretical or problematic. speculated on the fate of the lost explorers deliberate suggests slow or careful reasoning before forming an opinion or reaching a conclusion or decision. the jury deliberated for five hours",
"synonyms":[
"image",
"mirror"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-020817",
"type":[
"transitive verb",
"verb"
]
},
"reflect credit on":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to cause (someone or something) to deserve credit":[
"You were taught well. Your achievement reflects credit on your school."
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-172022",
"type":[
"idiom"
]
},
"reflectance":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"That\u2019s the equivalent of a 0.5% decrease in the Earth\u2019s reflectance . \u2014 Jamie Carter, Forbes , 6 Dec. 2021",
"At least during the day\u2014at night, reflectance isn\u2019t an issue. \u2014 Matt Simon, Wired , 11 Oct. 2021",
"When the sun shines on our planet, the Earth reflects nearly a third of that light back out into space, but scientists say that warming oceans thanks to climate change have actually caused a drop in that reflectance , commonly called albedo. \u2014 Eric Mack, Forbes , 30 Sep. 2021",
"That same process also changes the reflectance of the surface, exposing more dark ground and evaporating more water. \u2014 Hayley Smith, Los Angeles Times , 14 Sep. 2021",
"For each point, the camera gathers detailed reflectance information across a range of wavelengths, generating gigabytes of data during an hourlong scan. \u2014 New York Times , 28 June 2021",
"Researchers confirmed that the mark was a fingerprint through reflectance transformation imaging (RTI), which combines photographs captured under different light sources to create a detailed virtual model. \u2014 Livia Gershon, Smithsonian Magazine , 28 Apr. 2021",
"Or a male Ramphocelus carbo has barbules that are angled instead of flat, to decrease the reflectance of the feather by scattering the light that hits it. \u2014 Matt Simon, Wired , 30 Apr. 2021",
"One way buildings can earn that credit is to use materials or devices with an initial solar reflectance of 33 percent at installation or 28 percent over three years, Thompson says. \u2014 Sarah Kuta, Smithsonian Magazine , 22 Apr. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1893, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flek-t\u0259n(t)s"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-125910",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflected glory":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": respect or admiration that a person gets because of something that someone else has done":[
"He enjoyed basking in the reflected glory of his famous brother's success."
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-062643",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflected impedance":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a part of the impedance of an electric circuit that is due to the influence of another coupled circuit":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-072000",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflecterize":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":[
"Definition of reflecterize variant spelling of reflectorize"
],
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":[],
"history_and_etymology":[],
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220705-124415",
"type":[]
},
"reflecting":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": realize , consider":[],
": to bend or fold back":[],
": to bring about a specified appearance or characterization":[
"an act which reflects well on her"
],
": to bring or cast as a result":[
"his attitude reflects little credit on his judgment"
],
": to express a thought or opinion resulting from reflection":[],
": to give back or exhibit as an image, likeness, or outline : mirror":[
"the clouds were reflected in the water"
],
": to have a bearing or influence":[],
": to make manifest or apparent : show":[
"the painting reflects his artistic vision",
"the pulse reflects the condition of the heart"
],
": to prevent passage of and cause to change direction":[
"a mirror reflects light"
],
": to tend to bring reproach or discredit":[
"an investigation that reflects on all the members of the department"
],
": to think quietly and calmly":[],
": to throw back light or sound":[],
": to turn into or away from a course : deflect":[]
},
"examples":[
"The old church is reflected in the glass exterior of the skyscraper.",
"Her book clearly reflects her beliefs.",
"Where you learned a language is reflected in your accent.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"This non-sticky oil, made to slather on your hair, body, and face, has golden and copper specks to reflect light and create a soft shimmer perfect for everyday use. \u2014 Katie Intner, Harper's BAZAAR , 30 June 2022",
"During the online discussion, Tauriac asked participants to reflect on perspectives prioritized and overlooked in their education. \u2014 Jes\u00fas Marrero Su\u00e1rez, BostonGlobe.com , 29 June 2022",
"The lyrics are not just an extension of Willow\u2019s personality but reflect on bringing people together through hate. \u2014 Jazz Tangcay, Variety , 21 June 2022",
"The Kills have come to reignite the present and reflect on their past amid the room\u2019s angular, pre-Columbian temple decor and packed dance floor. \u2014 Steve Appleford, SPIN , 21 June 2022",
"Schools censured are not observing the principles of academic freedom and tenure approved by the group, and reflect on its present administration, according to its website. \u2014 oregonlive , 17 June 2022",
"On Monday mornings the team would regularly reflect on their weekend before the start of our weekly team meetings. \u2014 Dana Brownlee, Forbes , 9 June 2022",
"But on Thursday night, the members of the student group, Black Affinity, took time to celebrate and reflect . \u2014 Mj Slaby, The Indianapolis Star , 3 June 2022",
"The original hosts of The View reunited Thursday in honor of the talk show's 25th anniversary to reminisce about their experiences and reflect on a series that would become a long-running game changer for daytime television. \u2014 Andrea Towers, EW.com , 2 June 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 7":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Latin reflectere to bend back, from re- + flectere to bend":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flekt"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for reflect think , cogitate , reflect , reason , speculate , deliberate mean to use one's powers of conception, judgment, or inference. think is general and may apply to any mental activity, but used alone often suggests attainment of clear ideas or conclusions. teaches students how to think cogitate implies deep or intent thinking. cogitated on the mysteries of nature reflect suggests unhurried consideration of something recalled to the mind. reflecting on fifty years of married life reason stresses consecutive logical thinking. able to reason brilliantly in debate speculate implies reasoning about things theoretical or problematic. speculated on the fate of the lost explorers deliberate suggests slow or careful reasoning before forming an opinion or reaching a conclusion or decision. the jury deliberated for five hours",
"synonyms":[
"image",
"mirror"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-082954",
"type":[
"transitive verb",
"verb"
]
},
"reflecting galvanometer":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a galvanometer in which the deflections of the needle or coil are read by means of a mirror attached to it that reflects a ray of light or the image of a scale":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-112221",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflection":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a reflected part : fold":[],
": a thought, idea, or opinion formed or a remark made as a result of meditation":[],
": a transformation of a figure in which each point is replaced by a point symmetric with respect to a line or plane":[],
": a transformation that involves reflection in more than one axis of a rectangular coordinate system":[],
": an effect produced by an influence":[
"the high crime rate is a reflection of our violent society"
],
": an image given back by a reflecting surface":[],
": an often obscure or indirect criticism : reproach":[
"a reflection on his character"
],
": consideration of some subject matter, idea, or purpose":[],
": something produced by reflecting: such as":[],
": the action of bending or folding back":[],
": the production of an image by or as if by a mirror":[],
": turning back : return":[]
},
"examples":[
"She was looking at her reflection in the mirror.",
"He saw the reflections of the clouds on the lake.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"According to Hill, leaders, in particular, need to take responsibility for creating change within their organization, and this starts with engaging in self- reflection . \u2014 Michelle King, Forbes , 22 June 2022",
"Poetry was a welcome distraction from stress and an opportunity for self- reflection , the researchers concluded. \u2014 David Allan, CNN , 15 June 2022",
"Louis Shengtao Chen took the opportunity to revisit a self- reflection exercise from his studies at Central Saint Martins. \u2014 Margaret Zhang, Vogue , 13 June 2022",
"Wilson noted that she's been doing a lot of self- reflection which led her to be in a good position to open up to love. \u2014 Naledi Ushe, USA TODAY , 9 June 2022",
"What followed was a prolonged period of self- reflection . \u2014 Sarah L. Kaufman, Washington Post , 5 June 2022",
"There's nothing wrong with a little self- reflection . \u2014 Selena Barrientos, Good Housekeeping , 3 June 2022",
"Placed toward the end, this unofficial soundtrack for relationship revenge contrasts the gentle self- reflection heard on much of the album. \u2014 Lyndsey Havens, Billboard , 3 June 2022",
"More and more people are catching on to the value of self- reflection through astrology, which means knowing your natal placements (that is, the placement of the planets when you were born) has been increasingly popular. \u2014 Glamour , 27 May 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, alteration of reflexion , from Late Latin reflexion-, reflexio act of bending back, from Latin reflectere":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flek-sh\u0259n"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"comment",
"note",
"remark"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-110133",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
]
},
"reflection grating":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a diffraction grating whose lines are ruled on a mirror surface":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-014557",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflection plane":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a mirror plane of symmetry of a crystal":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-013611",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflection twin":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a twin crystal in which the individuals are so related that one is a mirror image of the other \u2014 compare rotation twin":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-080841",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflective":{
"antonyms":[
"unreflective"
],
"definitions":{
": capable of reflecting light, images, or sound waves":[],
": marked by reflection : thoughtful , deliberative":[],
": of, relating to, or caused by reflection":[
"reflective glare"
],
": reflecting something : indicative":[
"how fashion is reflective of society",
"\u2014 Glenda Bailey"
],
": reflexive sense 3":[]
},
"examples":[
"the reflective glare of the shiny metal",
"She was in a very reflective mood.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Having a Web3-backed skills wallet is also reflective of a world in which the job market is viewed on a more global scale. \u2014 Maxime Legardez Coquin, Forbes , 22 June 2022",
"Some argued that the colors were not reflective of the Juneteenth holiday. \u2014 Saleen Martin, USA TODAY , 18 June 2022",
"Their gunmetal sorrow was reflective of the times: the general creep of Patriot Act paranoia plus Forever War nihilism. \u2014 Leah Greenblatt, EW.com , 15 June 2022",
"This is reflective of the way many Republicans have viewed what happened that day. \u2014 Jennifer De Pinto, CBS News , 9 June 2022",
"The army\u2019s rot is reflective of dark forces in Russian society and politics at large\u2014forces that would likely reveal themselves in the event of a power vacuum. \u2014 Robert D. Kaplan, WSJ , 8 June 2022",
"In this round up, all of the picks are reflective of these new standards. \u2014 Rachel Rothman, Good Housekeeping , 6 June 2022",
"Evil Peter Pan is reflective of that Hollywood tale of fame gone awry, and the obsession with fame, wealth and power, makes someone into a worse version of themselves. \u2014 Jazz Tangcay, Variety , 22 May 2022",
"A$AP Rocky, 33, meanwhile, rocked a navy zipper hoodie, which featured reflective green and gray stripes on the sleeves. \u2014 Nicholas Rice, PEOPLE.com , 2 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1627, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flek-tiv"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"broody",
"cogitative",
"contemplative",
"meditative",
"melancholy",
"musing",
"pensive",
"ruminant",
"ruminative",
"thoughtful"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-190652",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun"
]
},
"reflective judgment":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a judgment that proceeds from given particulars to the discovery of a general concept or universal principle under which the particulars may be subsumed":[
"\u2014 contrasted with determinative judgment"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-235435",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflectivity":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": the reflective quality or power of a surface or material":[
"\u2026 conducting \" reflectivity tests\" to see whether Saudi sand when viewed through the goggles creates a sparkling effect that disorients pilots and causes them to send their helicopters careening to the ground.",
"\u2014 Newsweek",
"\u2026 there are many examples of luster-decorated ceramics, in which Islamic potters emulated the reflectivity of metalwork by applying metal oxides to white-glazed vessels \u2026",
"\u2014 Roberta Smith",
"The warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reducing the earth's albedo, or reflectivity .",
"\u2014 Roger Revelle"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1879, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccr\u0113-\u02ccflek-\u02c8ti-v\u0259-t\u0113",
"ri-"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-224412",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflectometer":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a device for measuring reflectance":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1891, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-",
"\u02ccr\u0113-\u02ccflek-\u02c8t\u00e4-m\u0259-t\u0259r"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-075759",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflector":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a telescope in which the principal focusing element is a mirror":[]
},
"examples":[
"safety devices such as bicycle reflectors",
"Reflectors are placed along the lanes of the highway.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The outer material is shiny silver, along with highly visible orange reflector stripes. \u2014 Talon Homer, Popular Mechanics , 22 June 2022",
"Shortly before a sleet storm over the winter the Highway Department put in those reflector markers. \u2014 Frank Fellone, Arkansas Online , 14 May 2022",
"Chasing Ivy used a bike reflector for the bellybutton jewel in this troll costume. \u2014 Marisa Lascala, Good Housekeeping , 13 June 2022",
"Without a guard covering the reflector , such as on the Hubble Telescope, the mirror is protected by a sunshield to maintain temperatures required to detect infrared light. \u2014 Tim Newcomb, Popular Mechanics , 9 June 2022",
"Our advice to the reflector -less is to go to idrivearkansas.com , an agency website, the home page of which has a contact button in the upper right corner. \u2014 Frank Fellone, Arkansas Online , 14 May 2022",
"This would yield a sustained flood of just under 393mb/sec of attack traffic from a single reflector /amplifier, all resulting from a single spoofed attack initiator packet of only 1,119 bytes in length. \u2014 Dan Goodin, Ars Technica , 8 Mar. 2022",
"The sound hit the parabolic reflector in the ceiling and bounced back down to the audience. \u2014 Jacques Kelly, baltimoresun.com , 4 Jan. 2022",
"Sensors at road level shoot beams of light across the road, to a reflector . \u2014 Christopher Intagliata, Scientific American , 25 Feb. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1665, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flek-t\u0259r"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-014158",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflectorize":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to make reflecting":[],
": to provide with reflectors":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1940, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flek-t\u0259-\u02ccr\u012bz"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-082917",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"reflectors":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a telescope in which the principal focusing element is a mirror":[]
},
"examples":[
"safety devices such as bicycle reflectors",
"Reflectors are placed along the lanes of the highway.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The outer material is shiny silver, along with highly visible orange reflector stripes. \u2014 Talon Homer, Popular Mechanics , 22 June 2022",
"Shortly before a sleet storm over the winter the Highway Department put in those reflector markers. \u2014 Frank Fellone, Arkansas Online , 14 May 2022",
"Chasing Ivy used a bike reflector for the bellybutton jewel in this troll costume. \u2014 Marisa Lascala, Good Housekeeping , 13 June 2022",
"Without a guard covering the reflector , such as on the Hubble Telescope, the mirror is protected by a sunshield to maintain temperatures required to detect infrared light. \u2014 Tim Newcomb, Popular Mechanics , 9 June 2022",
"Our advice to the reflector -less is to go to idrivearkansas.com , an agency website, the home page of which has a contact button in the upper right corner. \u2014 Frank Fellone, Arkansas Online , 14 May 2022",
"This would yield a sustained flood of just under 393mb/sec of attack traffic from a single reflector /amplifier, all resulting from a single spoofed attack initiator packet of only 1,119 bytes in length. \u2014 Dan Goodin, Ars Technica , 8 Mar. 2022",
"The sound hit the parabolic reflector in the ceiling and bounced back down to the audience. \u2014 Jacques Kelly, baltimoresun.com , 4 Jan. 2022",
"Sensors at road level shoot beams of light across the road, to a reflector . \u2014 Christopher Intagliata, Scientific American , 25 Feb. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1665, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flek-t\u0259r"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-085335",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflects":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": realize , consider":[],
": to bend or fold back":[],
": to bring about a specified appearance or characterization":[
"an act which reflects well on her"
],
": to bring or cast as a result":[
"his attitude reflects little credit on his judgment"
],
": to express a thought or opinion resulting from reflection":[],
": to give back or exhibit as an image, likeness, or outline : mirror":[
"the clouds were reflected in the water"
],
": to have a bearing or influence":[],
": to make manifest or apparent : show":[
"the painting reflects his artistic vision",
"the pulse reflects the condition of the heart"
],
": to prevent passage of and cause to change direction":[
"a mirror reflects light"
],
": to tend to bring reproach or discredit":[
"an investigation that reflects on all the members of the department"
],
": to think quietly and calmly":[],
": to throw back light or sound":[],
": to turn into or away from a course : deflect":[]
},
"examples":[
"The old church is reflected in the glass exterior of the skyscraper.",
"Her book clearly reflects her beliefs.",
"Where you learned a language is reflected in your accent.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"This non-sticky oil, made to slather on your hair, body, and face, has golden and copper specks to reflect light and create a soft shimmer perfect for everyday use. \u2014 Katie Intner, Harper's BAZAAR , 30 June 2022",
"During the online discussion, Tauriac asked participants to reflect on perspectives prioritized and overlooked in their education. \u2014 Jes\u00fas Marrero Su\u00e1rez, BostonGlobe.com , 29 June 2022",
"The lyrics are not just an extension of Willow\u2019s personality but reflect on bringing people together through hate. \u2014 Jazz Tangcay, Variety , 21 June 2022",
"The Kills have come to reignite the present and reflect on their past amid the room\u2019s angular, pre-Columbian temple decor and packed dance floor. \u2014 Steve Appleford, SPIN , 21 June 2022",
"Schools censured are not observing the principles of academic freedom and tenure approved by the group, and reflect on its present administration, according to its website. \u2014 oregonlive , 17 June 2022",
"On Monday mornings the team would regularly reflect on their weekend before the start of our weekly team meetings. \u2014 Dana Brownlee, Forbes , 9 June 2022",
"But on Thursday night, the members of the student group, Black Affinity, took time to celebrate and reflect . \u2014 Mj Slaby, The Indianapolis Star , 3 June 2022",
"The original hosts of The View reunited Thursday in honor of the talk show's 25th anniversary to reminisce about their experiences and reflect on a series that would become a long-running game changer for daytime television. \u2014 Andrea Towers, EW.com , 2 June 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 7":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Latin reflectere to bend back, from re- + flectere to bend":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flekt"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for reflect think , cogitate , reflect , reason , speculate , deliberate mean to use one's powers of conception, judgment, or inference. think is general and may apply to any mental activity, but used alone often suggests attainment of clear ideas or conclusions. teaches students how to think cogitate implies deep or intent thinking. cogitated on the mysteries of nature reflect suggests unhurried consideration of something recalled to the mind. reflecting on fifty years of married life reason stresses consecutive logical thinking. able to reason brilliantly in debate speculate implies reasoning about things theoretical or problematic. speculated on the fate of the lost explorers deliberate suggests slow or careful reasoning before forming an opinion or reaching a conclusion or decision. the jury deliberated for five hours",
"synonyms":[
"image",
"mirror"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-102811",
"type":[
"transitive verb",
"verb"
]
},
"reflesher":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a leather worker who removes from hides any flesh left by the fleshing machine operator":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + flesher":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02c8)r\u0113+"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-105547",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reflex":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a copy exact in essential or peculiar features":[],
": a linguistic element (such as a word or sound) or system (such as writing) that is derived from a prior and especially an older element or system":[
"boat is the reflex of Old English b\u0101t"
],
": a mirrored image":[],
": a way of thinking or behaving":[],
": an automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that typically involves a nerve impulse passing inward from a receptor to the spinal cord and then passing outward from the spinal cord to an effector (such as a muscle or gland) without reaching the level of consciousness and often without passing to the brain":[
"the knee-jerk reflex"
],
": being between 180\u00b0 and 360\u00b0":[],
": directed back on the mind or its operations : introspective":[],
": of, relating to, or produced by a reflex without intervention of consciousness":[],
": produced or carried out in reaction, resistance, or return":[],
": reflected heat, light, or color":[],
": reflexed":[],
": the power of acting or responding with adequate speed":[],
": the process that culminates in a reflex and comprises reception, transmission, and reaction":[]
},
"examples":[
"Noun",
"reflexes such as swallowing and blinking",
"Disagreeing with my suggestions has become almost a reflex for him.",
"an athlete with great reflexes",
"My reflexes are slower now that I'm older.",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"At the end of the exhalation, simply release the abdominal tension, so inhalation occurs as a reflex . \u2014 Carol Kinsey Goman, Forbes , 6 June 2022",
"There\u2019s the further, insider virtue that the square shape recalls that of prints from a much-loved classic camera, the Rolleiflex twin-lens reflex . \u2014 Mark Feeney, BostonGlobe.com , 25 May 2022",
"Whereas for him this is almost a reflex that is part of his decision-making process. \u2014 Washington Post , 11 Apr. 2022",
"Another issue is that for brands and retailers alike, leveraging value is a somewhat rusty reflex . \u2014 Jon Bird, Forbes , 14 Mar. 2022",
"The reflex is to assume that the more expensive version is better. \u2014 Dan Neil, WSJ , 19 May 2022",
"Chris, there does seem to be some tension inside the Republican Party between this desire, as Rachel was pointing out, for unity and, kind of, a reflex of blaming President Biden",
"The story, illustrating an iconic web of connection between The Kar-Jenners\u2019 predecessors, swiftly counters any implication that Kris\u2019s reflex to mythologize life is frivolous. \u2014 Vogue , 29 Apr. 2022",
"In contrast, in the economically and racially diverse neighborhood of Hyde Park (home to the University of Chicago), young people never have to develop a fight-back reflex . \u2014 Jens Ludwig, CNN , 23 Apr. 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"After high school, Osman was working as a preschool teacher, and was tasked with taking photos of the children using a reflex camera. \u2014 Jacopo Prisco, CNN , 27 May 2022",
"Muscle tension is almost a reflex reaction to stress\u2014the body\u2019s way of guarding against injury and pain. \u2014 Laken Brooks, Forbes , 28 Dec. 2021",
"Except in the case of reflex actions, all muscle work begins with an act of conscious willing. \u2014 Matt Fitzgerald, Outside Online , 19 Jan. 2021",
"Maddie still wasn't responding to the manual pain and reflex assessments. \u2014 Jeff Nelson, PEOPLE.com , 13 Jan. 2022",
"With reflex syncope, her body is unable to appropriately regulate her heart rate and blood pressure, leading to dizziness, nausea, and a loss of consciousness. \u2014 Jene\u00e9 Osterheldt, BostonGlobe.com , 8 Dec. 2021",
"If the variant was unexpected, the reflex reaction was not. \u2014 Washington Post , 2 Dec. 2021",
"There\u2019s also a rear reflex port to extend the speaker\u2019s bass response. \u2014 Mark Sparrow, Forbes , 5 Nov. 2021",
"Baby Carmen is set to go home with her dad on Monday after spending two months at the hospital due to reflex issues with her feedings, a common problem in many premature babies. \u2014 Alaa Elassar, CNN , 24 Oct. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1508, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":"Noun",
"1607, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Adjective"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin reflexus":"Adjective",
"Latin reflexus , past participle of reflectere to reflect":"Noun"
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8r\u0113-\u02ccfleks"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-195837",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun"
]
},
"reflexed":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": bent or curved backward or downward":[
"reflexed petals",
"reflexed leaves"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1733, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin reflexus + English -ed entry 1":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flekst",
"\u02c8r\u0113-\u02ccflekst"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-203519",
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"reflexes":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a copy exact in essential or peculiar features":[],
": a linguistic element (such as a word or sound) or system (such as writing) that is derived from a prior and especially an older element or system":[
"boat is the reflex of Old English b\u0101t"
],
": a mirrored image":[],
": a way of thinking or behaving":[],
": an automatic and often inborn response to a stimulus that typically involves a nerve impulse passing inward from a receptor to the spinal cord and then passing outward from the spinal cord to an effector (such as a muscle or gland) without reaching the level of consciousness and often without passing to the brain":[
"the knee-jerk reflex"
],
": being between 180\u00b0 and 360\u00b0":[],
": directed back on the mind or its operations : introspective":[],
": of, relating to, or produced by a reflex without intervention of consciousness":[],
": produced or carried out in reaction, resistance, or return":[],
": reflected heat, light, or color":[],
": reflexed":[],
": the power of acting or responding with adequate speed":[],
": the process that culminates in a reflex and comprises reception, transmission, and reaction":[]
},
"examples":[
"Noun",
"reflexes such as swallowing and blinking",
"Disagreeing with my suggestions has become almost a reflex for him.",
"an athlete with great reflexes",
"My reflexes are slower now that I'm older.",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"At the end of the exhalation, simply release the abdominal tension, so inhalation occurs as a reflex . \u2014 Carol Kinsey Goman, Forbes , 6 June 2022",
"There\u2019s the further, insider virtue that the square shape recalls that of prints from a much-loved classic camera, the Rolleiflex twin-lens reflex . \u2014 Mark Feeney, BostonGlobe.com , 25 May 2022",
"Whereas for him this is almost a reflex that is part of his decision-making process. \u2014 Washington Post , 11 Apr. 2022",
"Another issue is that for brands and retailers alike, leveraging value is a somewhat rusty reflex . \u2014 Jon Bird, Forbes , 14 Mar. 2022",
"The reflex is to assume that the more expensive version is better. \u2014 Dan Neil, WSJ , 19 May 2022",
"Chris, there does seem to be some tension inside the Republican Party between this desire, as Rachel was pointing out, for unity and, kind of, a reflex of blaming President Biden",
"The story, illustrating an iconic web of connection between The Kar-Jenners\u2019 predecessors, swiftly counters any implication that Kris\u2019s reflex to mythologize life is frivolous. \u2014 Vogue , 29 Apr. 2022",
"In contrast, in the economically and racially diverse neighborhood of Hyde Park (home to the University of Chicago), young people never have to develop a fight-back reflex . \u2014 Jens Ludwig, CNN , 23 Apr. 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"After high school, Osman was working as a preschool teacher, and was tasked with taking photos of the children using a reflex camera. \u2014 Jacopo Prisco, CNN , 27 May 2022",
"Muscle tension is almost a reflex reaction to stress\u2014the body\u2019s way of guarding against injury and pain. \u2014 Laken Brooks, Forbes , 28 Dec. 2021",
"Except in the case of reflex actions, all muscle work begins with an act of conscious willing. \u2014 Matt Fitzgerald, Outside Online , 19 Jan. 2021",
"Maddie still wasn't responding to the manual pain and reflex assessments. \u2014 Jeff Nelson, PEOPLE.com , 13 Jan. 2022",
"With reflex syncope, her body is unable to appropriately regulate her heart rate and blood pressure, leading to dizziness, nausea, and a loss of consciousness. \u2014 Jene\u00e9 Osterheldt, BostonGlobe.com , 8 Dec. 2021",
"If the variant was unexpected, the reflex reaction was not. \u2014 Washington Post , 2 Dec. 2021",
"There\u2019s also a rear reflex port to extend the speaker\u2019s bass response. \u2014 Mark Sparrow, Forbes , 5 Nov. 2021",
"Baby Carmen is set to go home with her dad on Monday after spending two months at the hospital due to reflex issues with her feedings, a common problem in many premature babies. \u2014 Alaa Elassar, CNN , 24 Oct. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1508, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":"Noun",
"1607, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Adjective"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin reflexus":"Adjective",
"Latin reflexus , past participle of reflectere to reflect":"Noun"
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8r\u0113-\u02ccfleks"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-194250",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun"
]
},
"reflexologic":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": relating to reflexology":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"r\u0259\u0307\u00a6fleks\u0259\u00a6l\u00e4jik"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-180653",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb"
]
},
"reflexology":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": massage of the hands or feet based on the belief that pressure applied to specific points on these extremities benefits other parts of the body":[],
": the study and interpretation of behavior in terms of simple and complex reflexes":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The small pleasures section features 30-minute treatments like hair and scalp massages, eye treatments or feet reflexology for 65 euros. \u2014 Rana Good, Forbes , 30 Sep. 2021",
"Treatment to book: The Baia Balancing Signature Ritual incorporates aromatherapy and amethyst crystals into massage and reflexology in order to release tension and balance energy throughout the body. \u2014 Rona Berg, Devorah Lev-tov, Robb Report , 15 Mar. 2022",
"And, the Rosewood Little Dix Bay in the British Virgin Islands is offering aromatherapy and reflexology treatments and outdoor activities to inspire guests, including hikes through The Baths National Park. \u2014 Stacey Leasca, Travel + Leisure , 26 Jan. 2022",
"Naturopathy, which can range from treatments like massages to enemas to reflexology , seeks to heal the body by promoting its own internal healing processes. \u2014 Liz Cantrell, Travel + Leisure , 20 Oct. 2021",
"For a shorter Spa treatment guests can enjoy a 25-minute deep tissue massage followed by a 15 minute relaxation massage and reflexology for hands and feet, all performed with Roucou Oil produced by St. Maarten nectar. \u2014 Roger Sands, Forbes , 2 Nov. 2021",
"Reserve your treatments in advance \u2014 massage choices abound, including CBD massage and reflexology options \u2014 and don't skimp on time spent languishing by the spa's stunning indoor pool. \u2014 Maya Kachroo-levine, Travel + Leisure , 31 Oct. 2021",
"The Lord Jones formula, raved about within the realm of CBD, is applied during a reflexology foot massage, following a foot bath and scrub. \u2014 Maya Kachroo-levine, Travel + Leisure , 7 Sep. 2021",
"Massage, reflexology , and facials are on the spa menu as well. \u2014 Patricia Doherty, Travel + Leisure , 25 July 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1923, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"International Scientific Vocabulary":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccr\u0113-\u02ccflek-\u02c8s\u00e4-l\u0259-j\u0113",
"\u02ccr\u0113-\u02ccflek-\u02c8s\u00e4l-\u0259-j\u0113"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-180428",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reform":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"transitive verb",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to put or change into an improved form or condition":[],
": to amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses":[],
": to put an end to (an evil) by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action":[],
": to induce or cause to abandon evil ways":[
"reform a drunkard"
],
": to subject (hydrocarbons) to cracking":[],
": to produce (gasoline, gas, etc.) by cracking":[],
": to become changed for the better":[],
": amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved":[],
": removal or correction of errors or of an abuse or a wrong":[],
": reform judaism":[],
": relating to or favoring reform":[
"All of the great American reform movements\u2014from civil rights to child-labor laws\u2014started far from Washington, D.C. In state legislatures and town halls \u2026",
"\u2014 William Greider"
],
": of, relating to, or practicing Reform Judaism":[
"Reform Jews, by the end of the nineteenth century, had adopted the custom of rising to their feet to pronounce the Shema in unison.",
"\u2014 Jonathan D. Sarna"
],
": to form again":[],
": to take form again":[
"the ice re-formed on the lake"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8f\u022frm",
"ri-\u02c8f\u022frm"
],
"synonyms":[
"habilitate",
"reclaim",
"redeem",
"regenerate",
"rehabilitate"
],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for reform Verb (1) correct , rectify , emend , remedy , redress , amend , reform , revise mean to make right what is wrong. correct implies taking action to remove errors, faults, deviations, defects. correct your spelling rectify implies a more essential changing to make something right, just, or properly controlled or directed. rectify a misguided policy emend specifically implies correction of a text or manuscript. emend a text remedy implies removing or making harmless a cause of trouble, harm, or evil. set out to remedy the evils of the world redress implies making compensation or reparation for an unfairness, injustice, or imbalance. redress past social injustices amend , reform , revise imply an improving by making corrective changes, amend usually suggesting slight changes amend a law , reform implying drastic change plans to reform the court system , and revise suggesting a careful examination of something and the making of necessary changes. revise the schedule",
"examples":[
"Verb (1)",
"The program is designed to reform prisoners.",
"They want to reform campaign spending.",
"The laws need to be reformed .",
"The program is designed to help former gang members who are trying to reform .",
"Noun",
"A group of senators are calling for reform of the nation's health-care system.",
"He has proposed a list of political reforms .",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"Recent elections in San Francisco and Los Angeles led to sweeping conclusions that voters have become wary about politicians seeking to reform the criminal justice system, which critics often equate with being soft on crime. \u2014 Michael Smolenscolumnist, San Diego Union-Tribune , 15 June 2022",
"What better reason to reform our health care system than to grab back the precious time of our beloved elders to spend with their grandkids, instead of fighting on the phone over health care billing",
"The view from Washington \u2014Marking the second anniversary of the murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer, Biden last week signed an executive order to reform federal policing practices, Times writer Eli Stokols reported. \u2014 Anumita Kaur, Los Angeles Times , 1 June 2022",
"In the state Legislature, attempts to reform litigation practices pit the insurance industry against trial lawyers, another politically powerful group. \u2014 Jon Schuppe, NBC News , 21 May 2022",
"According to the agreement, Intuit also has to reform its business practices. \u2014 Michael Kan, PCMAG , 4 May 2022",
"Over the last 10 years, efforts to reform prescribing practices have succeeded in slashing the dispensing of the drugs. \u2014 Andrew Joseph, STAT , 13 Feb. 2022",
"The antitrust bills with the best chance to become law in the short term are still those that reform the system around the edges, such as one that would raise merger filing fees to increase federal antitrust enforcement funding. \u2014 Washington Post , 29 June 2021",
"The rules for drawing the maps changed after voters passed a constitutional amendment in 2015 attempting to reform the process and reduce gerrymandering. \u2014 Laura Hancock, cleveland , 27 May 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Bono working against global poverty, Kim Kardashian fighting for prison reform . \u2014 Hannah Yasharoff, USA TODAY , 3 July 2022",
"Much of Leavitt\u2019s recent donations came from the Just Trust, a nonprofit organization that advocates for criminal justice reform and is largely funded by Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. \u2014 Jessica Miller, The Salt Lake Tribune , 29 June 2022",
"Equality Squad, an activist group created in 2019 to lobby for filibuster reform , has since pivoted to opposing discrimination against trans youth. \u2014 Nico Lang, Rolling Stone , 28 June 2022",
"Biden's signature comes one month and one day after a massacre at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, prompted nationwide calls for gun reform . \u2014 Nicholas Reimann, Forbes , 25 June 2022",
"After closing earlier this week, the survey's results will now be reviewed before recommendations for reform will be published in two months' time. \u2014 Alicia Vrajlal, refinery29.com , 24 June 2022",
"Spiva, a former Perkins Coie managing partner, spoke of his years as a civil rights attorney and working as an advocate for criminal justice reform . \u2014 Michael Brice-saddler, Washington Post , 22 June 2022",
"The court is also deciding the case at a time when the country has seen record levels of gun violence and gun deaths and a spate of deadly mass shootings that have reignited calls for gun reform , alongside record gun sales. \u2014 Meredith Deliso, ABC News , 22 June 2022",
"Wexton has advocated for criminal justice reform , enhancing disability rights, battling the opioid crisis and gun violence prevention, according to her own site. \u2014 Lisa Bennatan, Fox News , 21 June 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"Actual corporate tax revenue in 2021 was $46 billion higher than the Congressional Budget Office\u2019s post- reform forecast. \u2014 Tyler Goodspeed, WSJ , 8 May 2022",
"Under Mullins\u2019 nearly two decades of leadership, the union has fought for better pay \u2014 with contracts resulting in pay increases of 40% \u2014 and staked a prominent position in the anti- reform movement. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 6 Oct. 2021",
"The initial results also showed that pro- reform candidates who emerged from the 2019 protests had gained several seats in the 329-member parliament. \u2014 Reuters, CNN , 12 Oct. 2021",
"The initial results also showed that pro- reform candidates who emerged from the 2019 protests had gained several seats in the 329-member parliament. \u2014 NBC News , 12 Oct. 2021",
"Under Mullins\u2019 nearly two decades of leadership, the union has fought for better pay \u2013 with contracts resulting in pay increases of 40% \u2013 and staked a prominent position in the anti- reform movement. \u2014 Michael R. Sisak, USA TODAY , 5 Oct. 2021",
"The pugilistic rhetoric sheds light on where the post- reform coalition education debate will lead. \u2014 Kathryn Joyce, The New Republic , 30 Sep. 2021",
"Her anti- reform message plays well to a base of very reliable voters \u2014 older, whiter, more conservative. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 3 Sep. 2021",
"Sandu, a former prime minister who used to lead the pro- reform Party of Action and Solidarity, or PAS, promised to clean up corruption, fight poverty and strengthen relations with the EU. \u2014 Corneliu Rusnac And Stephen Mcgrath, Star Tribune , 11 July 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Anglo-French refurmer , from Latin reformare , from re- + formare to form, from forma form":"Verb"
},
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a":"Verb",
"1606, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"1819, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Adjective",
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense":"Verb"
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-212130"
},
"reform judaism":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": Judaism marked by a liberal approach in nonobservance of much legal tradition regarded as irrelevant to the present and in shortening and simplification of traditional ritual \u2014 compare conservative judaism , orthodox judaism":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"circa 1905, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-085746",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reform school":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a reformatory for boys or girls":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"In one extreme case, a six-year-old was sentenced to forty-five days in a reform school for bringing a Cub Scouts camping utensil, which included a knife, to school. \u2014 Matthew Hutson, The New Yorker , 7 June 2022",
"Paris in Love Paris Hilton goes to Washington, D.C., to advocate for her pet project, a reform school bill. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 19 Apr. 2022",
"At 15, he was sent to a boys ranch in lieu of reform school . \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 13 May 2022",
"When my behavior became troublesome -- skipping school, becoming antisocial -- I was sent to a reform school for several years. \u2014 Abigail Van Buren, oregonlive , 30 Apr. 2022",
"Chan started The School for Good Mothers, her electrifying debut about a new government watchdog program that punishes mothers who make parenting mistakes with time in a strict reform school , years before the Trump administration even took power. \u2014 Seija Rankin, EW.com , 27 Jan. 2022",
"The approach to the little reform school in the woods seemed to be from a storybook, a winding road bringing new students to its remote campus, with dormitories and a red barn perched beside a pond. \u2014 New York Times , 14 Jan. 2022",
"The new novel, out Oct. 5, begins with a farm boy named Emmett being driven home across Nebraska in 1954 by the warden of a reform school . \u2014 Time , 29 Sep. 2021",
"Wolff, who co-founded the political action committee Campaign for Better San Francisco Public Schools to reform school board elections, acknowledged that the district is not alone in facing a shortage of teachers. \u2014 Jill Tucker, San Francisco Chronicle , 18 Sep. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"circa 1859, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-103021",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"reformable":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved":[],
": of, relating to, or practicing Reform Judaism":[
"Reform Jews, by the end of the nineteenth century, had adopted the custom of rising to their feet to pronounce the Shema in unison.",
"\u2014 Jonathan D. Sarna"
],
": reform judaism":[],
": relating to or favoring reform":[
"All of the great American reform movements\u2014from civil rights to child-labor laws\u2014started far from Washington, D.C. In state legislatures and town halls \u2026",
"\u2014 William Greider"
],
": removal or correction of errors or of an abuse or a wrong":[],
": to amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses":[],
": to become changed for the better":[],
": to form again":[],
": to induce or cause to abandon evil ways":[
"reform a drunkard"
],
": to produce (gasoline, gas, etc.) by cracking":[],
": to put an end to (an evil) by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action":[],
": to put or change into an improved form or condition":[],
": to subject (hydrocarbons) to cracking":[],
": to take form again":[
"the ice re-formed on the lake"
]
},
"examples":[
"Verb (1)",
"The program is designed to reform prisoners.",
"They want to reform campaign spending.",
"The laws need to be reformed .",
"The program is designed to help former gang members who are trying to reform .",
"Noun",
"A group of senators are calling for reform of the nation's health-care system.",
"He has proposed a list of political reforms .",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"Recent elections in San Francisco and Los Angeles led to sweeping conclusions that voters have become wary about politicians seeking to reform the criminal justice system, which critics often equate with being soft on crime. \u2014 Michael Smolenscolumnist, San Diego Union-Tribune , 15 June 2022",
"What better reason to reform our health care system than to grab back the precious time of our beloved elders to spend with their grandkids, instead of fighting on the phone over health care billing",
"The view from Washington \u2014Marking the second anniversary of the murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer, Biden last week signed an executive order to reform federal policing practices, Times writer Eli Stokols reported. \u2014 Anumita Kaur, Los Angeles Times , 1 June 2022",
"In the state Legislature, attempts to reform litigation practices pit the insurance industry against trial lawyers, another politically powerful group. \u2014 Jon Schuppe, NBC News , 21 May 2022",
"According to the agreement, Intuit also has to reform its business practices. \u2014 Michael Kan, PCMAG , 4 May 2022",
"Over the last 10 years, efforts to reform prescribing practices have succeeded in slashing the dispensing of the drugs. \u2014 Andrew Joseph, STAT , 13 Feb. 2022",
"The antitrust bills with the best chance to become law in the short term are still those that reform the system around the edges, such as one that would raise merger filing fees to increase federal antitrust enforcement funding. \u2014 Washington Post , 29 June 2021",
"The rules for drawing the maps changed after voters passed a constitutional amendment in 2015 attempting to reform the process and reduce gerrymandering. \u2014 Laura Hancock, cleveland , 27 May 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Bono working against global poverty, Kim Kardashian fighting for prison reform . \u2014 Hannah Yasharoff, USA TODAY , 3 July 2022",
"Much of Leavitt\u2019s recent donations came from the Just Trust, a nonprofit organization that advocates for criminal justice reform and is largely funded by Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. \u2014 Jessica Miller, The Salt Lake Tribune , 29 June 2022",
"Equality Squad, an activist group created in 2019 to lobby for filibuster reform , has since pivoted to opposing discrimination against trans youth. \u2014 Nico Lang, Rolling Stone , 28 June 2022",
"Biden's signature comes one month and one day after a massacre at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, prompted nationwide calls for gun reform . \u2014 Nicholas Reimann, Forbes , 25 June 2022",
"After closing earlier this week, the survey's results will now be reviewed before recommendations for reform will be published in two months' time. \u2014 Alicia Vrajlal, refinery29.com , 24 June 2022",
"Spiva, a former Perkins Coie managing partner, spoke of his years as a civil rights attorney and working as an advocate for criminal justice reform . \u2014 Michael Brice-saddler, Washington Post , 22 June 2022",
"The court is also deciding the case at a time when the country has seen record levels of gun violence and gun deaths and a spate of deadly mass shootings that have reignited calls for gun reform , alongside record gun sales. \u2014 Meredith Deliso, ABC News , 22 June 2022",
"Wexton has advocated for criminal justice reform , enhancing disability rights, battling the opioid crisis and gun violence prevention, according to her own site. \u2014 Lisa Bennatan, Fox News , 21 June 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"Actual corporate tax revenue in 2021 was $46 billion higher than the Congressional Budget Office\u2019s post- reform forecast. \u2014 Tyler Goodspeed, WSJ , 8 May 2022",
"Under Mullins\u2019 nearly two decades of leadership, the union has fought for better pay \u2014 with contracts resulting in pay increases of 40% \u2014 and staked a prominent position in the anti- reform movement. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 6 Oct. 2021",
"The initial results also showed that pro- reform candidates who emerged from the 2019 protests had gained several seats in the 329-member parliament. \u2014 Reuters, CNN , 12 Oct. 2021",
"The initial results also showed that pro- reform candidates who emerged from the 2019 protests had gained several seats in the 329-member parliament. \u2014 NBC News , 12 Oct. 2021",
"Under Mullins\u2019 nearly two decades of leadership, the union has fought for better pay \u2013 with contracts resulting in pay increases of 40% \u2013 and staked a prominent position in the anti- reform movement. \u2014 Michael R. Sisak, USA TODAY , 5 Oct. 2021",
"The pugilistic rhetoric sheds light on where the post- reform coalition education debate will lead. \u2014 Kathryn Joyce, The New Republic , 30 Sep. 2021",
"Her anti- reform message plays well to a base of very reliable voters \u2014 older, whiter, more conservative. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 3 Sep. 2021",
"Sandu, a former prime minister who used to lead the pro- reform Party of Action and Solidarity, or PAS, promised to clean up corruption, fight poverty and strengthen relations with the EU. \u2014 Corneliu Rusnac And Stephen Mcgrath, Star Tribune , 11 July 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense":"Verb",
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a":"Verb",
"1606, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"1819, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Adjective"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Anglo-French refurmer , from Latin reformare , from re- + formare to form, from forma form":"Verb"
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u022frm",
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8f\u022frm"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for reform Verb (1) correct , rectify , emend , remedy , redress , amend , reform , revise mean to make right what is wrong. correct implies taking action to remove errors, faults, deviations, defects. correct your spelling rectify implies a more essential changing to make something right, just, or properly controlled or directed. rectify a misguided policy emend specifically implies correction of a text or manuscript. emend a text remedy implies removing or making harmless a cause of trouble, harm, or evil. set out to remedy the evils of the world redress implies making compensation or reparation for an unfairness, injustice, or imbalance. redress past social injustices amend , reform , revise imply an improving by making corrective changes, amend usually suggesting slight changes amend a law , reform implying drastic change plans to reform the court system , and revise suggesting a careful examination of something and the making of necessary changes. revise the schedule",
"synonyms":[
"habilitate",
"reclaim",
"redeem",
"regenerate",
"rehabilitate"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-130903",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"transitive verb",
"verb"
]
},
"reformative":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": intended or tending to reform":[]
},
"examples":[
"took reformative measures to curb abuses in the state's welfare system",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Moores positioned himself as the pro-police candidate compared to Stansbury's more reformative stance, reflecting national concerns about policing in the wake of killings of people of color by police and nationwide protests in favor of Black lives. \u2014 Chelsey Cox, USA TODAY , 3 June 2021",
"The idea, while well-intentioned, appears to be more performative than reformative . \u2014 Ellen Mcgirt, Fortune , 6 Feb. 2018",
"During her junior and senior years of high school, Escribano participated in the Law & Government Academy's student court, a judicial system for students to review offenses by their peers and determine a reformative course of action. \u2014 Marlon Pitter, Courant Community , 18 Sep. 2017"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1593, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u022fr-m\u0259-tiv"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"amendatory",
"corrective",
"rectifying",
"reformatory",
"remedial",
"remedying"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-210754",
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"reformatory":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a penal institution to which especially young or first offenders are committed for training and reformation":[],
": reformative":[]
},
"examples":[
"Adjective",
"the belief that manual labor was a reformatory experience for convicted felons, who would learn the value of hard work",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"In 1963, he was sentenced to two years in the reformatory and five years probation for an armed robbery in Kentucky. \u2014 Sarah Nelson, The Courier-Journal , 6 Apr. 2022",
"In 1963, he was sentenced to two years in the reformatory and five years probation for an armed robbery in Kentucky. \u2014 Sarah Nelson, The Indianapolis Star , 5 Apr. 2022",
"Merle Haggard was sixteen by the time he was released from the reformatory , tougher than ever and hardly reformed. \u2014 Steven Gaydos, Variety , 10 Feb. 2022",
"The daughter of a social worker and a correctional supervisor at a reformatory prison, Davis comes from a family dedicated to public service. \u2014 Christopher Gray, Forbes , 7 Apr. 2021",
"Kat Von D has joined Paris Hilton in the call to shut down a Provo reformatory school. \u2014 Julie Jag, The Salt Lake Tribune , 8 Oct. 2020",
"Nine inmates from the reformatory were hospitalized as of last Thursday, Brown said. \u2014 Deborah Yetter, The Courier-Journal , 3 Aug. 2020",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"The state took its $76 million reformatory to Grafton, in Lorain County, where its men\u2019s prison remains. \u2014 Kaitlin Durbin, cleveland , 4 Apr. 2022",
"Starting as a youth, when he was sent to a state reformatory , Mr. Bellecourt amassed a long criminal record. \u2014 Washington Post , 18 Jan. 2022",
"Yet, many tourists make the hour or so drive to the reformatory when visiting Northeast Ohio. \u2014 Troy L. Smith, cleveland , 12 Oct. 2021",
"For his transgression, he was forced to spend a year in a reformatory and was banned from returning to Southern California for an additional year. \u2014 New York Times , 11 Feb. 2021",
"The reformatory has a capacity for around 1,000 inmates. \u2014 Deborah Yetter, The Courier-Journal , 3 Aug. 2020",
"That was followed by mass testing of all staff and inmates at the reformatory . \u2014 Deborah Yetter, The Courier-Journal , 3 Aug. 2020",
"After leaving the reformatory , she was sent to live with a distant relative of her mother. \u2014 Petula Dvorak, Anchorage Daily News , 20 May 2020",
"But in fact the bar is always coming up with these kinds of reformatory codes. \u2014 Michael Knox Beran, National Review , 6 Feb. 2020"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1589, in the meaning defined above":"Adjective",
"1834, in the meaning defined above":"Noun"
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u022fr-m\u0259-\u02cct\u014dr-\u0113",
"ri-\u02c8f\u022fr-m\u0259-\u02cct\u022fr-\u0113"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"amendatory",
"corrective",
"rectifying",
"reformative",
"remedial",
"remedying"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-025028",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
]
},
"reformingly":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": in a reforming manner : so as to reform":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"reforming (present participle of reform entry 1 ) + -ly":""
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-130131",
"type":[
"adverb"
]
},
"reformism":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a doctrine, policy, or movement of reform":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"As a National Party loyalist De Klerk continued on Botha\u2019s path of apartheid reformism , including through talks. \u2014 Christi Van Der Westhuizen, Quartz , 15 Nov. 2021",
"All the polite, incremental reformism \u2014of sensitivity trainings, tweaks to use-of-force rules, and appeals to better nature\u2014was revealed as hollow in the face of the protesters\u2019 justified fury, of their courage, of their pride. \u2014 Molly Crabapple, The New York Review of Books , 9 June 2020",
"Yet there are scars left behind by Mr. Macron\u2019s relentless reformism , in a country which, if not content, had achieved an egalitarianism solid enough to shield it from the crude populism and demagogy that has overtaken its Western allies. \u2014 Adam Nossiter, New York Times , 25 Feb. 2020",
"With the urban riots of 1967\u2014New Haven had some, though not the worst\u2014the old political machine, briefly stayed by Lee\u2019s reformism , reawakened. \u2014 Adam Gopnik, The New Yorker , 21 Oct. 2019",
"Now, Morocco and Jordan have toned down reformism and presented a new bottom line to their societies and the world: Ruling monarchism is here to stay. \u2014 Sean Yom, Washington Post , 16 May 2017"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1904, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u022fr-\u02ccmi-z\u0259m"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-121145",
"type":[
"noun",
"noun or adjective"
]
},
"reformulate":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to formulate (something) again and usually in a different way":[
"\u2026 the company reformulated its \u2026 vegetable oil from a sunflower and soybean oil blend to canola.",
"\u2014 Alexis Beck",
"\u2026 a number of prepared questions may be designed with a specific interviewee in mind, but they are often reformulated during the course of the interview \u2026",
"\u2014 Andrew Herod"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1869, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8f\u022fr-my\u0259-\u02ccl\u0101t"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-120129",
"type":[
"noun,",
"verb"
]
},
"refraction circle":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": an instrument with a graduated circle for measuring deviations due to refraction":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-125025",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refractive":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": having power to refract":[],
": relating or due to refraction":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"His color palettes, which can range from brilliant orange and blue to crepuscular pinks and purples, seem to evoke land, sky and light in its myriad reflective and refractive states. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 12 May 2022",
"Known for their high refractive indices and high chromium content, the gems are top contenders for the title of world\u2019s rarest emeralds, simply for the fact that the mines are largely tapped out. \u2014 Victoria Gomelsky, Robb Report , 7 Feb. 2022",
"The second most common type is refractive amblyopia, which is when the eyes have a significant difference in prescription. \u2014 Adrianna Rodriguez, USA TODAY , 24 Nov. 2021",
"The warm, refractive tones played well with Hadid's blonde (yet still slightly burnished) mane, her golden goddess vibes furthered by a saffron tee and gilded chain. \u2014 Calin Van Paris, Vogue , 3 Sep. 2021",
"Some children are progressing to high myopia, which is when a prescription or the refractive error is minus six diopters or more. \u2014 Sumathi Reddy, WSJ , 31 May 2021",
"Nearly 80 percent of impaired vision is caused by cataracts or refractive disorders, which are treatable. \u2014 Science , 3 Dec. 2020",
"To accompany her refractive and fringed Versace dress, Doja pulled her onyx mane into an extra-long updo, the ponytail tautly twisted and left to reach well past her hips. \u2014 Calin Van Paris, Vogue , 31 Aug. 2020",
"These researchers found an older (over 500-million-years-old) trilobite eye a few years ago and noted a meager, non-calcite lens that left the refractive work to beefy cone cells. \u2014 Scott K. Johnson, Ars Technica , 15 Aug. 2020"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1673, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8frak-tiv"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-114432",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun"
]
},
"refractive index":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": the ratio of the speed of radiation (such as light) in one medium (such as air, glass, or a vacuum) to that in another medium":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The acrylic\u2019s refractive index is similar to water, so the tops give the illusion of disappearing once submerged. \u2014 Michael Verdon, Robb Report , 2 Dec. 2021",
"Aluminum oxide scatters more light than glass, with a refractive index of about 1.76 compared with just 1.52 for glass and about 1.37 for plain aluminum. \u2014 Caroline Delbert, Popular Mechanics , 17 June 2021",
"These are materials made from arrays of electrically conducting components that interact with light so as to create exotic optical effects such as negative refractive index . \u2014 Philip Ball, Scientific American , 11 June 2013",
"For these wavelengths, most materials have a refractive index that is just very slightly less than one. \u2014 Chris Lee, Ars Technica , 21 Dec. 2018",
"Or the refractive indices may have impossible values. \u2014 Chris Lee, Ars Technica , 6 Dec. 2018",
"An electro-optic modulator takes in a microwave signal, which changes the refractive index of a bit of glass. \u2014 Chris Lee, Ars Technica , 8 Feb. 2018",
"Blue light has to work harder to shift the electrons (the refractive index is larger). \u2014 Chris Lee, Ars Technica , 27 June 2018",
"The electrons respond as if the light were redder (the refractive index decreases). \u2014 Chris Lee, Ars Technica , 27 June 2018"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1839, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-111741",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refractive power":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": the ability of a substance to refract light expressed quantitatively by either its index of refraction or its refractivity":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-114801",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refractive system":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-081939",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refractometer":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": an instrument for measuring refractive indices (as for identification or the determination of sugar content)":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccr\u0113-\u02ccfrak-\u02c8t\u00e4-m\u0259-t\u0259r",
"ri-",
"\u02ccr\u0113-\u02ccfrak-\u02c8t\u00e4m-\u0259t-\u0259r, ri-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Alcohol content of the distillate should be in the region of 50% ABV., which can be checked with a refractometer . \u2014 Megan Murphy, Robb Report , 21 Apr. 2021",
"Puro slides another portion of the soil into a portable refractometer to measure the carbon content using a newer method calledQuick Carbonthat's being tested as a rapid means for measuring carbon in the field. \u2014 Todd Nelson, Star Tribune , 22 Feb. 2021",
"Puro slides another portion of the soil into a portable refractometer to measure the carbon content using a newer method called Quick Carbon that\u2019s being tested as a rapid means for measuring carbon in the field. \u2014 Meg Wilcox, Smithsonian Magazine , 20 Feb. 2021",
"Now, some Dunkin\u2019 shops use digital refractometers to determine if coffee meets specifications. \u2014 Eric Morath, WSJ , 24 June 2018",
"Theft, Westway Drive: The president of Optics Incorporated reported receiving a fraudulent purchase order four $36,000 refractometers that were sent to a New York address. \u2014 Brian Lisik/special To Cleveland.com, cleveland.com , 2 Apr. 2018",
"This is a little nerdy, but a refractometer uses light to identify the components and ingredient levels in solutions, which is super helpful for calculating the percentage of alcohol in a beverage. \u2014 Alex Delany, Bon Appetit , 29 Jan. 2018",
"After finding the right water quality for sea salt production, the next step is testing the salinity with a refractometer \u2014in simple terms, testing the saltiness. \u2014 Jessica Colley Clarke, CNT , 17 Aug. 2017"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"International Scientific Vocabulary":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1842, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-153830"
},
"refractor":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a telescope whose principal focusing element is a lens":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Gears inside the 1891 Ladd Observatory\u2019s 12-inch refractor telescope. \u2014 Carlos R. Mu\u00f1oz, BostonGlobe.com , 18 Feb. 2022",
"The area, featuring a large refractor telescope with a 10-inch lens, has been off-limits to the public as a pandemic precaution since March 2020. \u2014 Dewayne Bevil, orlandosentinel.com , 5 Nov. 2021",
"Van de Kamp had been using Sproul Observatory\u2019s 61-centimeter refractor telescope to take photographic plates of Barnard\u2019s Star. \u2014 Bruce Dorminey, Forbes , 19 May 2021",
"Schmidt Cassegrain scopes are basically a design combining the optics of both the reflector and refractor scopes. \u2014 Mike Lynch, Twin Cities , 24 Nov. 2019",
"There are three basic types of telescopes; reflectors, refractors , and Schmidt Cassegrain telescopes. \u2014 Mike Lynch, Twin Cities , 24 Nov. 2019",
"Distinctive and ornate, the building\u2019s main feature is what\u2019s touted as the world\u2019s largest refractor telescope \u2014 with a 40-inch lens, 63-foot tube and total weight of 20 tons. \u2014 Ted Gregory, chicagotribune.com , 5 July 2018",
"That\u2019s the home of the Florida\u2019s largest publicly accessible refractor telescope, armed with a 10-inch lens. \u2014 Dewayne Bevil, OrlandoSentinel.com , 3 July 2018",
"Roughly 12 percent were flagged as having weak vision and sent to an adjacent classroom where workers using refractor lenses conducted more tests. \u2014 Andrew Jacobs, New York Times , 5 May 2018"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1769, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8frak-t\u0259r"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-003240",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refractoriness":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": resisting control or authority : stubborn , unmanageable":[],
": resistant to treatment or cure":[
"a refractory lesion"
],
": unresponsive to stimulus":[],
": immune , insusceptible":[
"after recovery they were refractory to infection"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8frak-t(\u0259-)r\u0113",
"ri-\u02c8frak-t\u0259-r\u0113"
],
"synonyms":[
"balky",
"contrary",
"contumacious",
"defiant",
"disobedient",
"froward",
"incompliant",
"insubordinate",
"intractable",
"obstreperous",
"rebel",
"rebellious",
"recalcitrant",
"recusant",
"restive",
"ungovernable",
"unruly",
"untoward",
"wayward",
"willful",
"wilful"
],
"antonyms":[
"amenable",
"biddable",
"compliant",
"conformable",
"docile",
"obedient",
"ruly",
"submissive",
"tractable"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for refractory Adjective unruly , ungovernable , intractable , refractory , recalcitrant , willful , headstrong mean not submissive to government or control. unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior. unruly children ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others. ungovernable rage intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control. intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold. special schools for refractory children recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority. acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way. a willful disregard for the rights of others headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion. a headstrong young cavalry officer",
"examples":[
"Adjective",
"refractory players will be ejected from the game",
"believing that rules are only for other people, he's been refractory virtually his entire life",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"At an outpatient clinic, Tawfik treats rare and refractory types of pain usually associated with surgery or injury, such as chronic neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome. \u2014 Troy Farah, Scientific American , 30 Sep. 2021",
"There have been some positive developments for Bristol Myers Squibb as well, including the EU approval for Abecma - the First Anti-BCMA CAR T Cell Therapy - for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. \u2014 Trefis Team, Forbes , 28 Sep. 2021",
"Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory , vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others. \u2014 R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books , 11 June 2020",
"Cinematographer Yves B\u00e9langer was having a fair amount of fun with fish-eye lenses, refractory visual effects, and askew angles. \u2014 Roxana Hadadi, Vulture , 15 Sep. 2021",
"Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory , vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others. \u2014 R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books , 11 June 2020",
"The 9% rise can primarily be attributed to the announcement of positive interim data from a phase one study for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. \u2014 Trefis Team, Forbes , 30 Mar. 2021",
"Global biotech Oncopeptides won approval for Pepaxto, its drug to treat adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 31 Mar. 2021",
"He has also been profiled as a mostly hardline, conservative figure \u2013 even more refractory than his father \u2013 with especially tight ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). \u2014 Hollie Mckay, Fox News , 8 Dec. 2020",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Our systematic approach to research enabled the first-ever treatment (siltuximab) and discovery of a treatment for patients who are siltuximab- refractory , like me. \u2014 K.n.c., The Economist , 27 Nov. 2019",
"Almost a third endure refractory epilepsy, meaning typical pharmaceutical drugs have little effect in reducing the instances or frequency of seizures. \u2014 Robert Iddiols, CNN , 28 Sep. 2019"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"alteration of refractary , from Latin refractarius , irregular from refragari to oppose, from re- + -fragari (as in suffragari to support with one's vote)":"Adjective"
},
"first_known_use":{
"1606, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Adjective",
"1627, in the meaning defined above":"Noun"
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-054422"
},
"refractory":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": resisting control or authority : stubborn , unmanageable":[],
": resistant to treatment or cure":[
"a refractory lesion"
],
": unresponsive to stimulus":[],
": immune , insusceptible":[
"after recovery they were refractory to infection"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8frak-t\u0259-r\u0113",
"ri-\u02c8frak-t(\u0259-)r\u0113"
],
"synonyms":[
"balky",
"contrary",
"contumacious",
"defiant",
"disobedient",
"froward",
"incompliant",
"insubordinate",
"intractable",
"obstreperous",
"rebel",
"rebellious",
"recalcitrant",
"recusant",
"restive",
"ungovernable",
"unruly",
"untoward",
"wayward",
"willful",
"wilful"
],
"antonyms":[
"amenable",
"biddable",
"compliant",
"conformable",
"docile",
"obedient",
"ruly",
"submissive",
"tractable"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for refractory Adjective unruly , ungovernable , intractable , refractory , recalcitrant , willful , headstrong mean not submissive to government or control. unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior. unruly children ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others. ungovernable rage intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control. intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold. special schools for refractory children recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority. acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way. a willful disregard for the rights of others headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion. a headstrong young cavalry officer",
"examples":[
"Adjective",
"refractory players will be ejected from the game",
"believing that rules are only for other people, he's been refractory virtually his entire life",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"At an outpatient clinic, Tawfik treats rare and refractory types of pain usually associated with surgery or injury, such as chronic neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndrome. \u2014 Troy Farah, Scientific American , 30 Sep. 2021",
"There have been some positive developments for Bristol Myers Squibb as well, including the EU approval for Abecma - the First Anti-BCMA CAR T Cell Therapy - for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. \u2014 Trefis Team, Forbes , 28 Sep. 2021",
"Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory , vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others. \u2014 R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books , 11 June 2020",
"Cinematographer Yves B\u00e9langer was having a fair amount of fun with fish-eye lenses, refractory visual effects, and askew angles. \u2014 Roxana Hadadi, Vulture , 15 Sep. 2021",
"Many less attractive traits are also recorded: Charles could be uncommunicative and dilatory, evasive and mendacious, refractory , vindictive, obstinate, even outright wicked, though self-delusive about the motives of others. \u2014 R.j.w. Evans, The New York Review of Books , 11 June 2020",
"The 9% rise can primarily be attributed to the announcement of positive interim data from a phase one study for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma. \u2014 Trefis Team, Forbes , 30 Mar. 2021",
"Global biotech Oncopeptides won approval for Pepaxto, its drug to treat adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 31 Mar. 2021",
"He has also been profiled as a mostly hardline, conservative figure \u2013 even more refractory than his father \u2013 with especially tight ties to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). \u2014 Hollie Mckay, Fox News , 8 Dec. 2020",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Our systematic approach to research enabled the first-ever treatment (siltuximab) and discovery of a treatment for patients who are siltuximab- refractory , like me. \u2014 K.n.c., The Economist , 27 Nov. 2019",
"Almost a third endure refractory epilepsy, meaning typical pharmaceutical drugs have little effect in reducing the instances or frequency of seizures. \u2014 Robert Iddiols, CNN , 28 Sep. 2019"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"alteration of refractary , from Latin refractarius , irregular from refragari to oppose, from re- + -fragari (as in suffragari to support with one's vote)":"Adjective"
},
"first_known_use":{
"1606, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Adjective",
"1627, in the meaning defined above":"Noun"
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-151451"
},
"refractory clay":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": fireclay":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-063731",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refractory period":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": the brief period immediately following the response especially of a muscle or nerve before it recovers the capacity to make a second response":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"circa 1880, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-234545",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refractory rock":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a naturally occurring rock material that has refractory qualities and is used in the form of blocks for lining certain types of furnaces":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-192505",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refractory ware":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": clayware so composed as to resist a high temperature and suitable for saggers, crucibles, blocks and pots for glass furnaces, blast-furnace linings, and heating elements":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-184419",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refrain":{
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": curb , restrain":[],
": to keep oneself from doing, feeling, or indulging in something and especially from following a passing impulse":[
"refrained from having dessert"
],
": a comment or statement that is often repeated":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fr\u0101n"
],
"synonyms":[
"burden",
"chorus"
],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Verb",
"I was going to make a joke but I refrained .",
"Noun",
"A common refrain among teachers these days is that the schools need more funding.",
"I didn't know the verses of the song, so I only sang on the refrain .",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"The agency's director general, Mariano Grossi, urged military forces to refrain from violence near the plant. \u2014 Arkansas Online , 4 Mar. 2022",
"In the other letter, the clergy urged City Council to refrain from appointing a replacement for Ridley-Thomas, writing that such a council member would be beholden to the majority of the council who appointed them rather than to constituents. \u2014 Alex Wigglesworth, Los Angeles Times , 5 Feb. 2022",
"To keep your new screen in top shape, refrain from pushing on the screen material, such as when sliding the screen frame or when removing for cleaning. \u2014 Kamron Sanders, Better Homes & Gardens , 16 June 2022",
"But in the final audit report, dated just days before the impactful Supreme Court decision, the audit staff recommended the commission refrain from making a finding due to the then ongoing court case. \u2014 Kaitlin Lange, The Indianapolis Star , 9 June 2022",
"Under President Biden, ICE ended mass worksite arrests and instructed agents to refrain from detaining certain groups, such as pregnant women and victims of serious crimes. \u2014 Camilo Montoya-galvez, CBS News , 7 June 2022",
"Assuming the stamp eventually gets approved, Lonnie Ali encouraged everyone to refrain from sending an email for at least one day and use the stamp to mail out a letter of kindness to a friend or peer. \u2014 Jason Gonzalez, The Courier-Journal , 3 June 2022",
"Of course, there is reason for local officials to refrain from outwardly supporting \u2014 or hyping up \u2014 cryptocurrencies. \u2014 Globe Staff, BostonGlobe.com , 19 May 2022",
"The drink proved especially popular with Mormons, who typically refrain from drinking alcohol. \u2014 Ebony Williams, ajc , 6 May 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"The third movement scherzo is apocalyptic; crashing, thunderous chords are used as a merciless refrain in a danse macabre. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 25 Apr. 2022",
"But all such flourishes were designed primarily to propel the songs to the moment when fans could shout along with a sweeping refrain and thus take some of the sadness out of Friday night. \u2014 Washington Post , 25 Sep. 2021",
"With the coronavirus running rampant in Los Angeles and hospitals projected to overflow by Christmas, officials have fallen back on a familiar refrain : Stay home. \u2014 Soumya Karlamangla, Los Angeles Times , 7 Dec. 2020",
"There\u2019s a common refrain among Eastern European politicians. \u2014 William Nattrass, WSJ , 22 June 2022",
"He was then taken from Tomsk to Omsk\u2014which sounds like the dark refrain of a nursery rhyme. \u2014 Anthony Lane, The New Yorker , 24 Apr. 2022",
"On a visit to Warren for her 18-year-old daughter\u2019s dance competition, Kristen Moll, 54, echoed a common refrain among Republicans. \u2014 New York Times , 6 Apr. 2022",
"During Thursday\u2019s Netflix NFLX -1.5% earnings call, listeners heard a familiar refrain . \u2014 Toni Fitzgerald, Forbes , 21 Jan. 2022",
"Williams expressed a familiar refrain among the players. \u2014 Jamal Collier, chicagotribune.com , 17 Aug. 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English refreynen , from Anglo-French refreiner, refreindre , from Latin refrenare , from re- + frenum bridle \u2014 more at frenum":"Verb",
"Middle English refreyn , from Middle French refrain , alteration of Old French refrait melody, response, from past participle of refraindre to break up, moderate, from Vulgar Latin *refrangere , alteration of Latin refringere \u2014 more at refract":"Noun"
},
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense":"Verb",
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun"
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-143507"
},
"refrain (from)":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":[
"to resist the temptation of couldn't refrain from ruffling her nephew's neatly combed hair whenever she saw him"
],
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":[],
"history_and_etymology":[],
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220701-004703",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refraination":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": refrenation":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"by alteration (influenced by refrain entry 1 )":""
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-103224",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refrainment":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a comment or statement that is often repeated":[],
": curb , restrain":[],
": to keep oneself from doing, feeling, or indulging in something and especially from following a passing impulse":[
"refrained from having dessert"
]
},
"examples":[
"Verb",
"I was going to make a joke but I refrained .",
"Noun",
"A common refrain among teachers these days is that the schools need more funding.",
"I didn't know the verses of the song, so I only sang on the refrain .",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"The agency's director general, Mariano Grossi, urged military forces to refrain from violence near the plant. \u2014 Arkansas Online , 4 Mar. 2022",
"In the other letter, the clergy urged City Council to refrain from appointing a replacement for Ridley-Thomas, writing that such a council member would be beholden to the majority of the council who appointed them rather than to constituents. \u2014 Alex Wigglesworth, Los Angeles Times , 5 Feb. 2022",
"To keep your new screen in top shape, refrain from pushing on the screen material, such as when sliding the screen frame or when removing for cleaning. \u2014 Kamron Sanders, Better Homes & Gardens , 16 June 2022",
"But in the final audit report, dated just days before the impactful Supreme Court decision, the audit staff recommended the commission refrain from making a finding due to the then ongoing court case. \u2014 Kaitlin Lange, The Indianapolis Star , 9 June 2022",
"Under President Biden, ICE ended mass worksite arrests and instructed agents to refrain from detaining certain groups, such as pregnant women and victims of serious crimes. \u2014 Camilo Montoya-galvez, CBS News , 7 June 2022",
"Assuming the stamp eventually gets approved, Lonnie Ali encouraged everyone to refrain from sending an email for at least one day and use the stamp to mail out a letter of kindness to a friend or peer. \u2014 Jason Gonzalez, The Courier-Journal , 3 June 2022",
"Of course, there is reason for local officials to refrain from outwardly supporting \u2014 or hyping up \u2014 cryptocurrencies. \u2014 Globe Staff, BostonGlobe.com , 19 May 2022",
"The drink proved especially popular with Mormons, who typically refrain from drinking alcohol. \u2014 Ebony Williams, ajc , 6 May 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"The third movement scherzo is apocalyptic; crashing, thunderous chords are used as a merciless refrain in a danse macabre. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 25 Apr. 2022",
"But all such flourishes were designed primarily to propel the songs to the moment when fans could shout along with a sweeping refrain and thus take some of the sadness out of Friday night. \u2014 Washington Post , 25 Sep. 2021",
"With the coronavirus running rampant in Los Angeles and hospitals projected to overflow by Christmas, officials have fallen back on a familiar refrain : Stay home. \u2014 Soumya Karlamangla, Los Angeles Times , 7 Dec. 2020",
"There\u2019s a common refrain among Eastern European politicians. \u2014 William Nattrass, WSJ , 22 June 2022",
"He was then taken from Tomsk to Omsk\u2014which sounds like the dark refrain of a nursery rhyme. \u2014 Anthony Lane, The New Yorker , 24 Apr. 2022",
"On a visit to Warren for her 18-year-old daughter\u2019s dance competition, Kristen Moll, 54, echoed a common refrain among Republicans. \u2014 New York Times , 6 Apr. 2022",
"During Thursday\u2019s Netflix NFLX -1.5% earnings call, listeners heard a familiar refrain . \u2014 Toni Fitzgerald, Forbes , 21 Jan. 2022",
"Williams expressed a familiar refrain among the players. \u2014 Jamal Collier, chicagotribune.com , 17 Aug. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense":"Verb"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English refreyn , from Middle French refrain , alteration of Old French refrait melody, response, from past participle of refraindre to break up, moderate, from Vulgar Latin *refrangere , alteration of Latin refringere \u2014 more at refract":"Noun",
"Middle English refreynen , from Anglo-French refreiner, refreindre , from Latin refrenare , from re- + frenum bridle \u2014 more at frenum":"Verb"
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fr\u0101n"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"burden",
"chorus"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-113443",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"reframe":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to frame (something) again and often in a different way":[
"Tom, a seasoned renovator, \u2026 reframed the crooked doorways \u2026",
"\u2014 Gillian Barth",
"The more lines of discoloration there are near the frame edges (from where the mounting paper has been exposed to light), the more times the silhouette has probably been reframed .",
"\u2014 Carolyn B. Noyes",
"\u2026 deftly reframes the debate, asserting that the war was never about W.M.D.s but about transforming the political dynamic of the region \u2026",
"\u2014 Yoni Brenner",
"\u2026 cognitive-behavioral therapy, in which patients slowly expose themselves to the places and circumstances that frighten them and reframe the catastrophic thinking that torments them.",
"\u2014 Jeffrey Kluger",
"All failures are reframed as \"good tries.\"",
"\u2014 Jon Krause"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1592, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fr\u0101m"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-114447",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refreeze":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to freeze again":[
"shouldn't refreeze the meat",
"Ice dams form when water from melting snow runs down a roof and refreezes .",
"\u2014 AAA Times"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1784, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fr\u0113z"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-134621",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refrenation":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": the act of restraining or refraining":[],
": the failure of an expected planetary aspect to occur because one of the planets becomes retrograde":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English refrenacion , from Latin refrenation-, refrenatio , from refrenatus (past participle of refrenare to restrain, from re- + frenare to bridle, restrain, from frenum bridle) + -ion-, -io -ion":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccrefr\u0259\u02c8n\u0101sh\u0259n"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-074100",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refresh":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": arouse , stimulate":[
"let me refresh your memory"
],
": to become refreshed":[],
": to freshen up : renovate":[],
": to lay in fresh provisions":[],
": to restore or maintain by renewing supply : replenish":[],
": to restore strength and animation to : revive":[],
": to run water over or restore water to":[],
": to take refreshment":[],
": to update or renew (something, such as an image, the contents of a computer memory, or the displayed version of a Web page) especially by sending a new signal":[
"\u2026 on a 720p HDTV, each pixel gets refreshed 60 times a second.",
"\u2014 Family Circle",
"If you are unsure of whether the content you are viewing on a Web page is current, you should refresh the Web page.",
"\u2014 Gary B. Shelley and Misty E. Vermaat"
]
},
"examples":[
"brought out some iced tea to refresh the spirits of the folks working out in the sun",
"we were looking for a family-friendly restaurant where we could sit down and refresh before continuing",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"This peel-off clay mask will refresh the skin and protect it against aging with its high antioxidant content. \u2014 Grooming Playbook, The Salt Lake Tribune , 9 June 2022",
"There\u2019s a sweeping catalog of sparkling, beachy eye shadows for looks that can be fun or smoldering and light and dewy skin care to refresh you from head to toe, like a double scoop of ice cream on a hot day. \u2014 Allure , 1 June 2022",
"Ruggiero is planning to refresh it for this anniversary with one or two new scenes. \u2014 Christopher Arnott, Hartford Courant , 28 May 2022",
"To refresh them, spray some bike degreaser on the tape or grips and wipe everything down thoroughly with a clean sponge or rag. \u2014 Joe Lindsey, Outside Online , 17 July 2021",
"In addition to launching the AirPods Pro 2, Apple will also reportedly refresh the AirPods Max line this year. \u2014 Jacob Siegal, BGR , 9 May 2022",
"Please refresh your browser to receive the correct answer word. \u2014 Wilson Wong, NBC News , 9 May 2022",
"Learning something new together could refresh a friendship that's gotten stuck in a rut. \u2014 Chicago Tribune , 30 Apr. 2022",
"As that four-year mark approaches, founders should refresh executive terms. \u2014 Thanh Nguyen, Forbes , 13 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English refresshen , from Anglo-French refreschir , from re- + fresch fresh \u2014 more at fresh":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fresh"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for refresh renew , restore , refresh , renovate , rejuvenate mean to make like new. renew implies a restoration of what had become faded or disintegrated so that it seems like new. efforts to renew the splendor of the old castle restore implies a return to an original state after depletion or loss. restored a fine piece of furniture refresh implies the supplying of something necessary to restore lost strength, animation, or power. a refreshing drink renovate suggests a renewing by cleansing, repairing, or rebuilding. the apartment has been entirely renovated rejuvenate suggests the restoration of youthful vigor, powers, or appearance. the change in jobs rejuvenated her spirits",
"synonyms":[
"freshen",
"recharge",
"recreate",
"refreshen",
"regenerate",
"rejuvenate",
"renew",
"repair",
"restore",
"resuscitate",
"revitalize",
"revive",
"revivify"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-212655",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refreshant":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": something that invigorates or reanimates : refresher":[
"caffeine is a real stimulant and refreshant",
"\u2014 Arthur Little's Industrial Bulletin"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"-sh\u0259nt"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-063958",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refreshed":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": arouse , stimulate":[
"let me refresh your memory"
],
": to become refreshed":[],
": to freshen up : renovate":[],
": to lay in fresh provisions":[],
": to restore or maintain by renewing supply : replenish":[],
": to restore strength and animation to : revive":[],
": to run water over or restore water to":[],
": to take refreshment":[],
": to update or renew (something, such as an image, the contents of a computer memory, or the displayed version of a Web page) especially by sending a new signal":[
"\u2026 on a 720p HDTV, each pixel gets refreshed 60 times a second.",
"\u2014 Family Circle",
"If you are unsure of whether the content you are viewing on a Web page is current, you should refresh the Web page.",
"\u2014 Gary B. Shelley and Misty E. Vermaat"
]
},
"examples":[
"brought out some iced tea to refresh the spirits of the folks working out in the sun",
"we were looking for a family-friendly restaurant where we could sit down and refresh before continuing",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"This peel-off clay mask will refresh the skin and protect it against aging with its high antioxidant content. \u2014 Grooming Playbook, The Salt Lake Tribune , 9 June 2022",
"There\u2019s a sweeping catalog of sparkling, beachy eye shadows for looks that can be fun or smoldering and light and dewy skin care to refresh you from head to toe, like a double scoop of ice cream on a hot day. \u2014 Allure , 1 June 2022",
"Ruggiero is planning to refresh it for this anniversary with one or two new scenes. \u2014 Christopher Arnott, Hartford Courant , 28 May 2022",
"To refresh them, spray some bike degreaser on the tape or grips and wipe everything down thoroughly with a clean sponge or rag. \u2014 Joe Lindsey, Outside Online , 17 July 2021",
"In addition to launching the AirPods Pro 2, Apple will also reportedly refresh the AirPods Max line this year. \u2014 Jacob Siegal, BGR , 9 May 2022",
"Please refresh your browser to receive the correct answer word. \u2014 Wilson Wong, NBC News , 9 May 2022",
"Learning something new together could refresh a friendship that's gotten stuck in a rut. \u2014 Chicago Tribune , 30 Apr. 2022",
"As that four-year mark approaches, founders should refresh executive terms. \u2014 Thanh Nguyen, Forbes , 13 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English refresshen , from Anglo-French refreschir , from re- + fresch fresh \u2014 more at fresh":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fresh"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for refresh renew , restore , refresh , renovate , rejuvenate mean to make like new. renew implies a restoration of what had become faded or disintegrated so that it seems like new. efforts to renew the splendor of the old castle restore implies a return to an original state after depletion or loss. restored a fine piece of furniture refresh implies the supplying of something necessary to restore lost strength, animation, or power. a refreshing drink renovate suggests a renewing by cleansing, repairing, or rebuilding. the apartment has been entirely renovated rejuvenate suggests the restoration of youthful vigor, powers, or appearance. the change in jobs rejuvenated her spirits",
"synonyms":[
"freshen",
"recharge",
"recreate",
"refreshen",
"regenerate",
"rejuvenate",
"renew",
"repair",
"restore",
"resuscitate",
"revitalize",
"revive",
"revivify"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-051926",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refreshen":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": refresh":[]
},
"examples":[
"refreshened the wilting flowers by cutting the stems again and putting them in a vase with water",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"America has yet to take stock of what happened in 2016 and the strange circumstances that made the frequently loutish Mr. Trump an instrument for refreshening our political culture. \u2014 Holman W. Jenkins, WSJ , 19 Oct. 2018"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1782, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + freshen":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fre-sh\u0259n",
"\u02ccr\u0113-"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"freshen",
"recharge",
"recreate",
"refresh",
"regenerate",
"rejuvenate",
"renew",
"repair",
"restore",
"resuscitate",
"revitalize",
"revive",
"revivify"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-173040",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refresher":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": reminder":[],
": review or instruction designed especially to keep one abreast of professional developments":[
"refresher course"
],
": something (such as a drink) that refreshes":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"First, a little refresher on DNA, which is short for deoxyribonucleic acid. \u2014 Kimberly Hickok, Popular Mechanics , 24 May 2022",
"Here's a quick refresher on how the federal income tax works. \u2014 Irina Ivanova, CBS News , 8 Apr. 2022",
"And finally, a good skin refresher is always necessary and the Cream Skin Toner & Moisturizer does the job for me. \u2014 Emerald Elitou, Essence , 10 Mar. 2022",
"With Faraday Future having receded from the limelight for so long, a refresher is due. \u2014 Caleb Miller, Car and Driver , 28 Feb. 2022",
"But first, a quick refresher on who Dorothy Andersen was. \u2014 Katie Hafner, Scientific American , 23 Dec. 2021",
"It has been covered numerous times, but just as a refresher the Tensor SoC is a combination of off-the-shelf ARM CPU cores and GPU cores combined with Google\u2019s own TPU and ISP. \u2014 Anshel Sag, Forbes , 28 Oct. 2021",
"Before the season 5 premiere, here's a relationship refresher of the complicated character dynamics. \u2014 Skyler Caruso, PEOPLE.com , 21 Oct. 2021",
"As a refresher , Apple's WWDC keynote detailed updates for many of Apple's existing operating systems. \u2014 Jeff Dunn, Ars Technica , 7 June 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fre-sh\u0259r"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-225539",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refresher course":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a training class which helps people review information or learn new skills needed for their jobs":[
"had to take a refresher course in CPR"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-180244",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refreshful":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": full of power to refresh : refreshing":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"-shf\u0259l"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-002659",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb"
]
},
"refreshing":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb"
],
"definitions":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fre-shi\u014b"
],
"synonyms":[
"bracing",
"cordial",
"invigorating",
"rejuvenating",
"restorative",
"reviving",
"stimulating",
"stimulative",
"tonic",
"vital",
"vitalizing"
],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Working on the new project was a refreshing change.",
"It is refreshing to hear some good news about him.",
"a refreshing glass of cold water",
"My swim was very refreshing .",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Having a multitude of voices weighing in on the depictions of the Black Pearsons made for a viewing experience many in the audience found refreshing and thought provoking. \u2014 Essence , 21 June 2022",
"It\u2019s refreshing when major corporations feel free to joke about their own pursuit of an honest buck. \u2014 Kyle Smith, WSJ , 16 June 2022",
"Chateau Ste Michelle Made from 100% Cabernet Sauvignon grapes, this crisp, light ros\u00e9 will taste refreshing on even the hottest beach days or park picnics. \u2014 Lizz Schumer, Good Housekeeping , 29 Apr. 2022",
"Peppermint oil: Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) is very refreshing and purifying. \u2014 Noma Nazish, Forbes , 31 Aug. 2021",
"How refreshing , to hear something new (to me) and commendable. \u2014 Jay Nordlinger, National Review , 2 June 2022",
"These work on smoothing, calming, refreshing , and hydrating the skin. \u2014 Grooming Playbook, The Salt Lake Tribune , 18 May 2022",
"The scent is really refreshing and changes my mindset. \u2014 Kyoko Muramatsu, Vogue , 18 Apr. 2022",
"The simple fact of honest men doing their best, discussing customs, names, religions and opinions with genuine curiosity, is deeply refreshing , a kind of grace. \u2014 New York Times , 4 Apr. 2022"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"circa 1580, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-162724"
},
"refreshment":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a light meal":[],
": assorted light foods":[],
": something (such as food or drink) that refreshes":[],
": the act of refreshing : the state of being refreshed":[]
},
"examples":[
"Light refreshments will be served at the meeting.",
"The workers were in need of refreshment .",
"We went camping for relaxation and refreshment .",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The near beer is not meant to be a refreshment , but a musical instrument. \u2014 Michael Roberts, Outside Online , 17 June 2022",
"This acacia lounger has sleek Scandinavian lines, high armrests, and an all-weather cushion, plus there's a pull-out table that extends to the left or right, just big enough to keep a refreshment and entertainment on standby. \u2014 Kathleen Willcox, Popular Mechanics , 16 May 2022",
"The complimentary refreshment bar\u2014stocked with local, fair trade, organic products\u2014makes post-workout recovery even easier. \u2014 Nick Davidson, Outside Online , 1 Oct. 2014",
"Stay warm during cold winter nights with a sensual, woody eau de parfum, or enjoy energizing refreshment during the summer heat with an aromatic eau de toilette. \u2014 The Salt Lake Tribune , 7 Apr. 2022",
"Witch hazel, aloe vera, bisabolol, and eucalyptus combine to purify the skin while offering supreme comfort and refreshment . \u2014 Grooming Playbook, The Salt Lake Tribune , 10 May 2022",
"And as ice became more available to wealthier drinkers, it was added to the drink for dilution and refreshment . \u2014 Washington Post , 2 May 2022",
"Proceeds from all ticket and refreshment sales will benefit Ukrainian relief efforts through the CRS Ukrainian Relief Fund. \u2014 Joan Rusek, cleveland , 14 Mar. 2022",
"Organic menthol is also included to provide a pleasant refreshment on the skin. \u2014 The Salt Lake Tribune , 21 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fresh-m\u0259nt"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-004001",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refrigerate":{
"antonyms":[
"heat",
"toast",
"warm"
],
"definitions":{},
"examples":[
"Refrigerate the mixture for an hour before serving.",
"refrigerate the cake after you frost it so that the frosting doesn't melt",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Seal bag and refrigerate at least 8 hours or overnight. \u2014 Bethany Thayer, Detroit Free Press , 25 June 2022",
"Seal the jar and refrigerate for at least six hours or overnight to let the tea steep. \u2014 Casey Barber, CNN , 13 June 2022",
"Cool briefly and refrigerate for about 1 hour, or until chilled. \u2014 Sally Pasley Vargas, BostonGlobe.com , 31 May 2022",
"Slice off the crowns and refrigerate them for use when serving. \u2014 M. Carrie Allan, Washington Post , 20 May 2022",
"Cover with foil and refrigerate for at least 2 hours before serving. \u2014 Alysha Witwicki, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , 17 Jan. 2022",
"Cover and refrigerate for at least 3 hours before serving. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 22 Dec. 2021",
"Cover with foil and refrigerate for at least 8 hours or overnight. \u2014 Susan Selasky, Detroit Free Press , 22 Dec. 2021",
"Mix the dipping sauce first by combining the mayonnaise, garlic mustard leaves and lemon juice, then refrigerate . \u2014 Chicago Tribune , 12 May 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1534, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refrigeratus , past participle of refrigerare , from re- + frigerare to cool, from frigor-, frigus cold \u2014 more at frigid":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fri-j\u0259-\u02ccr\u0101t"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"chill",
"cool"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-041729",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refrigerated":{
"antonyms":[
"heat",
"toast",
"warm"
],
"definitions":{},
"examples":[
"Refrigerate the mixture for an hour before serving.",
"refrigerate the cake after you frost it so that the frosting doesn't melt",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Seal bag and refrigerate at least 8 hours or overnight. \u2014 Bethany Thayer, Detroit Free Press , 25 June 2022",
"Seal the jar and refrigerate for at least six hours or overnight to let the tea steep. \u2014 Casey Barber, CNN , 13 June 2022",
"Cool briefly and refrigerate for about 1 hour, or until chilled. \u2014 Sally Pasley Vargas, BostonGlobe.com , 31 May 2022",
"Slice off the crowns and refrigerate them for use when serving. \u2014 M. Carrie Allan, Washington Post , 20 May 2022",
"Cover with foil and refrigerate for at least 2 hours before serving. \u2014 Alysha Witwicki, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , 17 Jan. 2022",
"Cover and refrigerate for at least 3 hours before serving. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 22 Dec. 2021",
"Cover with foil and refrigerate for at least 8 hours or overnight. \u2014 Susan Selasky, Detroit Free Press , 22 Dec. 2021",
"Mix the dipping sauce first by combining the mayonnaise, garlic mustard leaves and lemon juice, then refrigerate . \u2014 Chicago Tribune , 12 May 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1534, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refrigeratus , past participle of refrigerare , from re- + frigerare to cool, from frigor-, frigus cold \u2014 more at frigid":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fri-j\u0259-\u02ccr\u0101t"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"chill",
"cool"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-091420",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refrigerator van":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": refrigerator car":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-133744",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refrigeratory":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a place of cooling or getting cooled":[],
": an apparatus (as in a still) for condensing vapors":[],
": refrigerative":[],
": something that cools or refrigerates:":[],
": the chamber or tank in which ice is formed in an ice machine":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refrigeratorius , from refrigeratus (past participle of refrigerare ) + -orius -ory":"Adjective",
"refrigerate entry 2 + -ory":"Noun"
},
"pronounciation":[
"r\u0259\u02c8frij(\u0259) r\u0259\u02cct\u014dr\u0113",
"r\u0113\u02c8f-",
"-ri",
"\"",
"-t\u022fr-"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-053633",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
]
},
"refringency":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": refractivity":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"refringency from refringent + -cy; refringence International Scientific Vocabulary, from refringent , after such pairs as English evident : evidence":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"r\u0259\u02c8frinj\u0259ns\u0113"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-221630",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refront":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to change or renew the front of":[
"refront a house"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + front":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02c8)r\u0113+"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-203553",
"type":[
"transitive verb"
]
},
"refry":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to fry (something) again : to cook (something) again in fat or oil":[
"mashed and refried the beans"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1860, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fr\u012b"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-205508",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"reft":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":[
"Definition of reft past tense of reave"
],
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":[],
"history_and_etymology":[],
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220629-155643",
"type":[]
},
"refuel":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to provide with additional fuel":[],
": to take on additional fuel":[]
},
"examples":[
"The crew refueled the airplane.",
"The airplane landed to refuel .",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The summit is the perfect place to soak in the accomplishment (and the views) and refuel for the descent with a tasty snack. \u2014 Outside Online , 16 June 2022",
"In 2025, the spacecraft will launch into orbit and refuel Landsat 7, one of NASA\u2019s Earth observation satellites. \u2014 Tim Fernholz, Quartz , 16 June 2022",
"The Solomons deal, which could allow for Beijing to deploy forces to the country to maintain stability or refuel naval ships, gave China an opening, critics argue. \u2014 New York Times , 25 May 2022",
"And that means millions of pit stops at gas stations across the state to refuel and grab a few snacks before getting back on the road. \u2014 Paul Stephen, San Antonio Express-News , 18 May 2022",
"After you downward dog, refuel with brunch complete with mimosas and Bloody Marys \u2014 or non-alcoholic smoothies. \u2014 Lauren Daley, BostonGlobe.com , 26 May 2022",
"After a day at the beach, visitors can refuel at local eateries fit for every palette and budget; the island prides itself on its hometown cuisine. \u2014 Gabi De La Rosa, Chron , 6 May 2022",
"Clear off a kitchen counter and/or create space around the dinner table for a buffet line where people can set out their dishes and refuel during the game. \u2014 Washington Post , 7 Feb. 2022",
"Cooldown: Run easily for 10-15 minutes, stretch, refuel . \u2014 Mario Fraioli, Outside Online , 26 Oct. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1811, in the meaning defined at transitive sense":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fy\u00fc(-\u0259)l",
"\u02ccr\u0113-\u02c8fy\u00fc-\u0259l"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-081552",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refuge":{
"antonyms":[
"harbor",
"shelter"
],
"definitions":{
": a place that provides shelter or protection":[],
": shelter or protection from danger or distress":[],
": something to which one has recourse in difficulty":[],
": to give refuge to":[],
": to seek or take refuge":[]
},
"examples":[
"Noun",
"hunting is strictly forbidden in the wildlife refuge",
"Verb",
"a nation with a long, honorable history of refuging political asylum seekers",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Many homeless people take refuge in the station, some of them in visibly rough shape, yet outreach efforts have had little success connecting them to resources and services. \u2014 Eric Lach, The New Yorker , 14 May 2022",
"Those houses of worship were a lifeline for the estimated 5,000 Jews who lived in the ghetto at its most populous \u2014 a place to gather, celebrate rites of passage, take refuge from a world that didn\u2019t want them. \u2014 New York Times , 4 May 2022",
"From January 2015 to March 2017, researchers found the animals were leaving public lands at the first sign of opening day to take refuge on private lands through the season. \u2014 Jordan Miller, The Salt Lake Tribune , 21 Mar. 2022",
"The roar of jets and exploding shells smashes this idyll as the children are forced to take refuge in a basement with their families and neighbors. \u2014 Meghan Cox Gurdon, WSJ , 11 Mar. 2022",
"Libkin and his wife would make it to Tulcea the next day, with plans to take refuge in Vienna. \u2014 Ally Markovich, San Francisco Chronicle , 7 Mar. 2022",
"State law requires the donors to an initiative campaign be fully disclosed, a goal plainly confounded if campaign donors can take refuge behind another group. \u2014 Michael Hiltzik, Los Angeles Times , 2 Mar. 2022",
"In the Midwest, many plants become dormant to take refuge from winter. \u2014 Beth Botts, chicagotribune.com , 19 Dec. 2021",
"As the tornado approached, Sewell texted Hall with an update on the storm\u2019s path and to urge the sisters to take refuge in the funeral home\u2019s basement or a church basement. \u2014 orlandosentinel.com , 16 Dec. 2021",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"As the assault on Ukraine stretches into its second month, here\u2019s what to know about Lviv, the Ukrainian city that\u2019s become a pillar of support and refuge for a country at war. \u2014 Washington Post , 27 Mar. 2022",
"Amid the flight to refuge , Ukraine and Russia are set to resume peace talks online Friday after limited progress in Istanbul earlier in the week. \u2014 Washington Post , 25 Mar. 2022",
"Worth the trip: To rub shoulders with real mountaineers, the Britannia Hutte is a climbers' refuge a 15-minute walk or quick snow mobile ride from the nearest lift. \u2014 Rob Hodgetts, CNN , 4 Dec. 2017",
"But there\u2019s one place where her dignity is replenished: the Sivananda Rehabilitation Home, which has served as both hospital and refuge for six decades in a country that struggles with leprosy more than any other. \u2014 New York Times , 25 Jan. 2022",
"Worst of all, residents say, there is little hope of recourse or refuge . \u2014 New York Times , 14 Nov. 2021",
"These mammoths would have continued to roam in search of food, opportunities to mate and, much like Alaska\u2019s modern mammals, refuge from the swarms of biting insects that spring up in the warm months. \u2014 Riley Black, Smithsonian Magazine , 12 Aug. 2021",
"Journalist Ahmad Rashid says with the U.S. gone, the Taliban won\u2019t likely strike a deal as long as the Pakistani military continues to give their leaders and their families refuge in Pakistan. \u2014 Sher Jan Ahmadzai, The Conversation , 22 July 2021",
"When talking with an unhoused person, encourage them to seek shade or refuge from the sun. \u2014 Madalyn Amato, Los Angeles Times , 9 July 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"1594, in the meaning defined at transitive sense":"Verb"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin refugium , from refugere to escape, from re- + fugere to flee \u2014 more at fugitive":"Noun"
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8re-(\u02cc)fy\u00fcj",
"also -(\u02cc)fy\u00fczh",
"\u02c8re-fy\u00fcj"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"asylum",
"bolt-hole",
"harbor",
"harborage",
"haven",
"retreat",
"sanctuary",
"sanctum",
"shelter"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-061856",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refugee":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{},
"examples":[
"Thousands of refugees have fled the area.",
"refugees began returning to their homeland after years of political unrest and war",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"But the Biden administration, which has reversed dramatic Trump administration cuts to the refugee program, is planning to create a private sponsorship pilot program for all refugees by the end of 2022, a State Department spokesperson told CBS News. \u2014 Camilo Montoya-galvez, CBS News , 3 June 2022",
"Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine has sparked a refugee crisis of epic proportions. \u2014 Josh Zumbrun, WSJ , 3 June 2022",
"Still, politics wormed its way into the book when Donald Trump became president by pushing a xenophobic agenda \u2014 and not only continued to attack immigrants relentlessly but also slashed the United States\u2019 refugee program. \u2014 Stuart Miller, Los Angeles Times , 2 June 2022",
"The overall displacement has represented the fastest-growing refugee crisis since World War II. \u2014 Alex Hogan, Fox News , 24 May 2022",
"But it\u2019s there, in the Tesco, where the reality of war and the grimness of a refugee crisis really hits me. \u2014 Harper Simon, SPIN , 20 May 2022",
"After months of military buildup, Russia launched an assault on Ukraine in late February, sparking geopolitical turmoil and a refugee crisis. \u2014 Zoe Sottile, CNN , 8 May 2022",
"Russia\u2019s war against Ukraine has created the largest refugee crisis seen in Europe since World War II. \u2014 Lydia Tomkiw, The Christian Science Monitor , 3 May 2022",
"To Afghans and others, U.S. officials say humanitarian parole was never meant to bypass the traditional refugee program, which is the main pathway available to those seeking protection in the United States. \u2014 Washington Post , 28 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1685, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"French r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 , past participle of ( se ) r\u00e9fugier to take refuge, from Middle French refugier , from Latin refugium":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccre-fyu\u0307-\u02c8j\u0113",
"\u02c8re-fyu\u0307-\u02ccj\u0113"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"deportee",
"\u00e9migr\u00e9",
"emigr\u00e9",
"evacuee",
"exile",
"expat",
"expatriate"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-212213",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refugium":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": an area of relatively unaltered climate that is inhabited by plants and animals during a period of continental climatic change (such as a glaciation) and remains as a center of relict forms from which a new dispersion and speciation may take place after climatic readjustment":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{
"1943, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"New Latin, from Latin, refuge":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fy\u00fc-j\u0113-\u0259m"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-011702",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refulgence":{
"antonyms":[
"blackness",
"dark",
"darkness",
"dullness",
"dulness",
"duskiness"
],
"definitions":{
": a radiant or resplendent quality or state : brilliance":[]
},
"examples":[
"the refulgence of a full moon on a clear autumn night",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The bottom floor is a La Colombe Torrefaction coffee shop, its fashionable patrons buzzing about in the glorious refulgence of a winter afternoon. \u2014 Alexander Nazaryan, Newsweek , 15 Apr. 2015"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1634, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refulgentia , from refulgent-, refulgens , present participle of refulg\u0113re to shine brightly, from re- + fulg\u0113re to shine \u2014 more at fulgent":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fu\u0307l-j\u0259n(t)s",
"-\u02c8f\u0259l-"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"brightness",
"brilliance",
"brilliancy",
"candor",
"dazzle",
"effulgence",
"illumination",
"lambency",
"lightness",
"luminance",
"luminosity",
"luminousness",
"luster",
"lustre",
"lustrousness",
"radiance",
"splendor"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-092437",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
]
},
"refulgent":{
"antonyms":[
"blackness",
"dark",
"darkness",
"dullness",
"dulness",
"duskiness"
],
"definitions":{
": a radiant or resplendent quality or state : brilliance":[]
},
"examples":[
"the refulgence of a full moon on a clear autumn night",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The bottom floor is a La Colombe Torrefaction coffee shop, its fashionable patrons buzzing about in the glorious refulgence of a winter afternoon. \u2014 Alexander Nazaryan, Newsweek , 15 Apr. 2015"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1634, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refulgentia , from refulgent-, refulgens , present participle of refulg\u0113re to shine brightly, from re- + fulg\u0113re to shine \u2014 more at fulgent":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"-\u02c8f\u0259l-",
"ri-\u02c8fu\u0307l-j\u0259n(t)s"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"brightness",
"brilliance",
"brilliancy",
"candor",
"dazzle",
"effulgence",
"illumination",
"lambency",
"lightness",
"luminance",
"luminosity",
"luminousness",
"luster",
"lustre",
"lustrousness",
"radiance",
"splendor"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-204837",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
]
},
"refund":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a sum refunded":[],
": the act of refunding":[],
": to fund again":[],
": to give or put back":[],
": to return (money) in restitution, repayment, or balancing of accounts":[]
},
"examples":[
"Noun",
"No refunds or exchanges are allowed."
],
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Verb",
"1711, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"1857, in the meaning defined above":"Verb"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English refounden , from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French refunder , from Latin refundere , literally, to pour back, from re- + fundere to pour \u2014 more at found":"Verb",
"re- + fund entry 2":"Verb"
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8f\u0259nd",
"\u02c8r\u0113-\u02ccf\u0259nd",
"ri-\u02c8f\u0259nd"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-074239",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refunding bond":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a bond issued to pay off an outstanding issue":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"refunding from gerund of refund entry 3":""
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-184308",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refurbish":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to brighten or freshen up : renovate":[]
},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"And the sandstone quarry on the Anschutz ranch whose rock was used to build the Wyoming state Capitol in the 1880s \u2014 and to refurbish the building a few years ago. \u2014 Sammy Rothstaff Writer, Los Angeles Times , 5 May 2022",
"Apple will then refurbish or recycle the parts, and in some instances, offer the customer a credit. \u2014 Jacob Siegal, BGR , 27 Apr. 2022",
"Large-scale resorts opened (Resorts World, Circa, Virgin), while landmarks like the Bellagio took the opportunity to refurbish or create new venues. \u2014 Tony Perrottet, Travel + Leisure , 24 Apr. 2022",
"This June, George Divoky will refurbish a cabin that sits on a lonely gravel island north of Alaska. \u2014 Ned Rozell, Anchorage Daily News , 23 Apr. 2022",
"In the other, the city would refurbish several existing gas turbines to comply with air-pollution rules, at a cost of $201 million. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 27 Jan. 2022",
"Students from the Academy of Fine Arts were brought in to refurbish the murals in the splendid Sala Basile, where fair maidens stroll among peacocks and giant irises. \u2014 Stanley Stewart, Travel + Leisure , 24 Apr. 2022",
"After watching how ground teams refurbish and reuse Falcon 9 boosters, which now runs on a record of more than 110 consecutive successful Falcon rocket launches, SpaceX is now pushing the limits of the rocket's life expectancy. \u2014 Eric Berger, Ars Technica , 25 Mar. 2022",
"By comparison, the Police Department spent $600,000 to refurbish a nearby basketball court \u2014 a sum that could fund the healing circle for more than six years. \u2014 New York Times , 4 Feb. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1611, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u0259r-bish"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-192547",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refurl":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": to furl again":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + furl":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02c8)r\u0113+"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-194921",
"type":[
"transitive verb"
]
},
"refurnish":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{},
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Plans to refurnish the building began as far back as the 1990s but were repeatedly held up by funding issues. \u2014 Jason Meisner, chicagotribune.com , 16 Sep. 2021",
"Federal law dictates that only $5,000 can be spent on refurnishing a Cabinet secretary's offices. \u2014 Jessica Estepa, USA TODAY , 22 Mar. 2018",
"As a Cabinet secretary, Carson has a $5,000 legal limit to refurnish his office. \u2014 Jessica Estepa, USA TODAY , 21 Mar. 2018"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1531, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"r\u0113-\u02c8f\u0259r-nish"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-175437",
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"refusable":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": capable of being refused : admitting of refusal":[],
": meriting refusal or rejection":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"refuse entry 1 + -able":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"r\u0259\u0307\u02c8fy\u00fcz\u0259b\u0259l",
"r\u0113\u02c8f-"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-080042",
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"refusal":{
"antonyms":[
"allowance",
"approval",
"grant",
"OK",
"okay"
],
"definitions":{
": the act of refusing or denying":[],
": the opportunity or right of refusing or taking before others":[]
},
"examples":[
"My request for more money was met with a flat refusal .",
"his flat refusal of our reasonable request was rather startling",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"But the urge to protect Pius\u2019 reputation, according to Kertzer, reflects a more general refusal by Italy \u2014 and apologists in the Vatican \u2014 to come to terms with their complicity in World War II, the Holocaust and the murder of Rome\u2019s Jews. \u2014 Jason Horowitz, BostonGlobe.com , 27 May 2022",
"As of Saturday, the Air Force was the only military academy where cadets were not being commissioned because of vaccine refusal . \u2014 Washington Post , 22 May 2022",
"As of Saturday, the Air Force Academy is the only U.S. military academy from which cadets are not being commissioned due to vaccine refusal . \u2014 CBS News , 21 May 2022",
"Commissioner Couy Griffin, who founded the political group Cowboys for Trump, was a central figure in the county's refusal . \u2014 Democrat-gazette Staff From Wire Reports, Arkansas Online , 19 June 2022",
"Bowers' refusal prevented the effort to have the Legislature substitute its own slate of presidential electors. \u2014 Mary Jo Pitzl, The Arizona Republic , 18 June 2022",
"State election officials advised the sentencing judge of Griffin\u2019s refusal to certify primary election results in New Mexico. \u2014 Susan Montoya Bryan And, BostonGlobe.com , 17 June 2022",
"State election officials advised the sentencing judge of Griffin's refusal to certify primary election results in New Mexico. \u2014 CBS News , 17 June 2022",
"And while the House select committee will talk more about false electors in its next hearing, much of Thursday's proceedings detailed Pence's refusal to comply with pressure from Trump and conservative attorney John Eastman to overturn the election. \u2014 Lawrence Andrea, Journal Sentinel , 17 June 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fy\u00fc-z\u0259l"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"declination",
"denial",
"disallowance",
"nay",
"no",
"nonacceptance",
"rejection",
"turndown"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-113619",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refuse":{
"antonyms":[
"chaff",
"deadwood",
"debris",
"dreck",
"drek",
"dross",
"dust",
"effluvium",
"effluvia",
"garbage",
"junk",
"litter",
"offal",
"offscouring",
"raffle",
"riffraff",
"rubbish",
"scrap",
"spilth",
"trash",
"truck",
"waste"
],
"definitions":{
": give up , renounce":[
"deny thy father and refuse thy name",
"\u2014 William Shakespeare"
],
": the worthless or useless part of something : leavings":[],
": thrown aside or left as worthless":[],
": to decline to jump or leap over":[],
": to express oneself as unwilling to accept":[
"refuse a gift",
"refuse a promotion"
],
": to not allow someone to have or do (something) : deny":[
"they were refused admittance to the game"
],
": to show or express unwillingness to do or comply with":[
"refused to answer the question"
],
": to withhold acceptance, compliance, or permission":[],
": trash , garbage":[]
},
"examples":[
"Verb",
"When they offered me the money, I couldn't refuse .",
"They asked her to help but she refused .",
"Noun",
"refuse had littered the playground until our volunteer group cleaned it up",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"But Erdogan added that if the two Nordic states renege on their promises, Turkey's Parliament could refuse to ratify the deal reached Tuesday. \u2014 Zeynep Bilginsoy, ajc , 30 June 2022",
"When brand-name manufacturers refuse to give these generic companies samples of their medication, testing and FDA approval can be delayed for years. \u2014 Robert Pearl, Forbes , 29 June 2022",
"What most moderate Democrats refuse to do is pick the sorts of big fights the popularists are itching for. \u2014 New York Times , 29 June 2022",
"England and Morehead reportedly have the laptops and refuse to return them to the organization. \u2014 Thomas Saccente, Arkansas Online , 29 June 2022",
"Cases for which probable cause has been found can be sent to the County Attorney's Office for consideration, which may also decide to send it back for further review or refuse to take it altogether. \u2014 Angela Cordoba Perez, The Arizona Republic , 27 June 2022",
"Gosh, who would have thought powerful Americans would maniacally refuse to move on from an old, massively flawed document in order to maintain their power",
"Spurlock said many sheriffs still refuse to make use of a law that\u2019s saved lives. \u2014 Markian Hawryluk, CNN , 27 June 2022",
"Ogedegbe mentioned redlining, a discriminatory housing policy that saw lenders refuse to issue credit to borrowers in communities of color. \u2014 Berkeley Lovelace Jr., NBC News , 27 June 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Police who had conducted an eight-hour search of medical refuse at Republic Waste transfer station on Howard Avenue in Roxbury followed up with another search of the site based on the pathologist\u2019s comments. \u2014 Globe Staff, BostonGlobe.com , 23 June 2022",
"This is seventeen and one half pounds per year of \u2018hard stuff,\u2019 mingled with sand, stems, impure molasses, olive oil, chips and concentrated dirt and refuse of all kinds. \u2014 Mark Fischetti, Scientific American , 21 Sep. 2021",
"Covered in refuse , empty oxygen bottles, even human remains, the peak now sees hundreds of summit attempts each spring, paid by fees of some $50,000 per client. \u2014 Michael O\u2019donnell, WSJ , 25 May 2022",
"The current contract with Republic Services includes weekly refuse , recycling and yard waste (from April to mid-November) pickups, as well as monthly bulk collections. \u2014 John Benson, cleveland , 6 Apr. 2022",
"Yard waste bags set out with garbage will be picked up for free \u2014 no refuse sticker required \u2014 on residents\u2019 regular pickup days the weeks of March 21 and 28. \u2014 Mike Danahey, chicagotribune.com , 8 Mar. 2022",
"Officers advised him that the refuse company would replace it if necessary. \u2014 cleveland , 5 May 2022",
"But still, there are small joys to be snatched in those moments of coming together, a vision of something better amid the refuse . \u2014 New York Times , 3 May 2022",
"These can include plastics, fabrics and other refuse . \u2014 Shanti Lerner, The Arizona Republic , 28 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1":"Verb",
"15th century, in the meaning defined above":"Adjective"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Anglo-French refuser , from Vulgar Latin *refusare , perhaps blend of Latin refutare to refute and recusare to demur \u2014 more at recuse":"Verb",
"Middle English, from Anglo-French, from refuser":"Noun"
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8re-\u02ccfy\u00fcs",
"-\u02ccfy\u00fcz",
"ri-\u02c8fy\u00fcz"
],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for refuse Verb decline , refuse , reject , repudiate , spurn mean to turn away by not accepting, receiving, or considering. decline often implies courteous refusal especially of offers or invitations. declined his party's nomination refuse suggests more positiveness or ungraciousness and often implies the denial of something asked for. refused to lend them the money reject implies a peremptory refusal by sending away or discarding. rejected the manuscript as unpublishable repudiate implies a casting off or disowning as untrue, unauthorized, or unworthy of acceptance. teenagers who repudiate the values of their parents spurn stresses contempt or disdain in rejection or repudiation. spurned his overtures of friendship",
"synonyms":[
"decline",
"deny",
"disallow",
"disapprove",
"negative",
"nix",
"reject",
"reprobate",
"withhold"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-103331",
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refutable":{
"antonyms":[
"acknowledge",
"admit",
"allow",
"avow",
"concede",
"confirm",
"own"
],
"definitions":{
": to deny the truth or accuracy of":[
"refuted the allegations"
],
": to prove wrong by argument or evidence : show to be false or erroneous":[]
},
"examples":[
"But for every study that shows acid rain is damaging frogs, another one refutes it. \u2014 Emily Yoffe , New York Times Magazine , 13 Dec. 1992",
"And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that the historian be alert to the negative instances that would refute his thesis and to alternative explanations that would be more plausible than his own. \u2014 Gertrude Himmelfarb , The New History and the Old , 1987",
"It is not necessary to refute such an argument point by point \u2026 \u2014 Denis Goulet , Center Magazine , May 1969",
"We refute these aspersions whether they come from our best friends or our worst foes. \u2014 Sir Winston Churchill , address in House of Commons , 18 Jan. 1945 , in Nathan Aus, ed., Voices of History 1945\u201346 , 1946",
"The lawyer refuted the testimony of the witness.",
"He refutes the notion that he's planning to retire soon.",
"She refuted the allegations against her.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Some believe Sarandos thinks that viewers get bored and tune out after that many episodes, though those close to him refute this. \u2014 Matt Donnelly, Variety , 21 June 2022",
"In an apparent attempt to refute such rumors, the Hebei police said in the statement the suspects fled the scene at 2.47 a.m. -- seven minutes after the assault started; and at 2.55 a.m., the four victims were sent to hospital by ambulance. \u2014 Nectar Gan And Cnn's Beijing Bureau, CNN , 21 June 2022",
"President Biden has said he was not involved in the business dealings of his son and brother, and there has been no evidence that has emerged to refute this. \u2014 Catherine Herridge, Graham Kates, CBS News , 13 June 2022",
"But our study, using the largest research cohort of Latinos in the United States, seems to refute the paradox. \u2014 Olveen Carrasquillo, The Conversation , 8 June 2022",
"Shortly after the initial reports linked Howard to the Lakers, his wife, Jenine, shared on Twitter a message that appeared to refute the idea of her husband\u2019s candidacy. \u2014 Michael Cohen, USA TODAY , 22 May 2022",
"Shortly after the initial reports linked Howard to the Lakers, his wife, Jenine, shared on Twitter a message that appeared to refute the idea of her husband\u2019s candidacy. \u2014 Michael Cohen, Detroit Free Press , 22 May 2022",
"One way to approach this is to ask: What is Ghost World trying to refute ",
"In a plot twist that unfolded after court adjourned last Thursday, makeup company Milani Cosmetics issued a statement via social media that appeared to refute one key allegation made by Heard\u2019s legal team. \u2014 Tatiana Siegel, Rolling Stone , 25 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1545, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refutare to check, suppress, refute":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fy\u00fct"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"contradict",
"deny",
"disaffirm",
"disallow",
"disavow",
"disclaim",
"disconfirm",
"disown",
"gainsay",
"negate",
"negative",
"reject",
"repudiate"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-235618",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refutation":{
"antonyms":[
"proof"
],
"definitions":{
": the act or process of refuting":[]
},
"examples":[
"these are hard scientific facts against which there can be no reasonable refutation",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Some of your essays seem like a refutation of that idea. \u2014 Martin Fritz Huber, Outside Online , 13 Apr. 2022",
"The Oppo merger also feels like a refutation of the original OnePlus strategy. \u2014 Ron Amadeo, Ars Technica , 18 Apr. 2022",
"Read the entire refutation at The Wall Street Journal. \u2014 Peter Weber, The Week , 15 Apr. 2022",
"This is the crucial point, underscoring the scholarly refutation of the doctrinaire nonsense about the supposedly pro-slavery Revolution. \u2014 Sean Wilentz, The New York Review of Books , 13 Jan. 2022",
"The authors offer an eloquent and fact-filled refutation to the Reagans of the world who see untamed nature as a blank space on the map that cries out to be developed for human uses. \u2014 Washington Post , 1 Apr. 2022",
"Because the scorpion can't change its nature \u2014 but then again, what has this entire series been if not a refutation of that notion",
"But it is constrained by evidence, and underpinned by scientific principles of discovery, interpretation, and refutation . \u2014 Kwame Anthony Appiah, The New York Review of Books , 16 Dec. 2021",
"In Taiwan, where many pop stars stay out of the political realm to retain access to China\u2019s lucrative market, the song has been greeted as a refreshing, and rare, send-up of its giant neighbor\u2019s refutation of Taiwanese sovereignty. \u2014 Chris Horton, The Atlantic , 9 Nov. 2021"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1536, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccre-fyu\u0307-\u02c8t\u0101-sh\u0259n"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"confutation",
"disconfirmation",
"disproof",
"rebuttal"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-220647",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"refutative":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": tending to refute : relating to refutation":[
"refutative force of his argument"
]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"from refutation , after such pairs as English negation : negative":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"r\u0259\u0307\u02c8fy\u00fct\u0259tiv",
"r\u0113\u02c8f-",
"-\u00fct\u0259tiv"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-040124",
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"refutatory":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": refutative":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Late Latin refutatorius , from Latin refutatus (past participle of refutare ) + -orius -ory":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"-t\u022fr-",
"-\u00fct\u0259-",
"-ri",
"-\u00fct\u0259\u02cct\u014dr\u0113"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-180920",
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"refute":{
"antonyms":[
"acknowledge",
"admit",
"allow",
"avow",
"concede",
"confirm",
"own"
],
"definitions":{
": to deny the truth or accuracy of":[
"refuted the allegations"
],
": to prove wrong by argument or evidence : show to be false or erroneous":[]
},
"examples":[
"But for every study that shows acid rain is damaging frogs, another one refutes it. \u2014 Emily Yoffe , New York Times Magazine , 13 Dec. 1992",
"And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that the historian be alert to the negative instances that would refute his thesis and to alternative explanations that would be more plausible than his own. \u2014 Gertrude Himmelfarb , The New History and the Old , 1987",
"It is not necessary to refute such an argument point by point \u2026 \u2014 Denis Goulet , Center Magazine , May 1969",
"We refute these aspersions whether they come from our best friends or our worst foes. \u2014 Sir Winston Churchill , address in House of Commons , 18 Jan. 1945 , in Nathan Aus, ed., Voices of History 1945\u201346 , 1946",
"The lawyer refuted the testimony of the witness.",
"He refutes the notion that he's planning to retire soon.",
"She refuted the allegations against her.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Some believe Sarandos thinks that viewers get bored and tune out after that many episodes, though those close to him refute this. \u2014 Matt Donnelly, Variety , 21 June 2022",
"In an apparent attempt to refute such rumors, the Hebei police said in the statement the suspects fled the scene at 2.47 a.m. -- seven minutes after the assault started; and at 2.55 a.m., the four victims were sent to hospital by ambulance. \u2014 Nectar Gan And Cnn's Beijing Bureau, CNN , 21 June 2022",
"President Biden has said he was not involved in the business dealings of his son and brother, and there has been no evidence that has emerged to refute this. \u2014 Catherine Herridge, Graham Kates, CBS News , 13 June 2022",
"But our study, using the largest research cohort of Latinos in the United States, seems to refute the paradox. \u2014 Olveen Carrasquillo, The Conversation , 8 June 2022",
"Shortly after the initial reports linked Howard to the Lakers, his wife, Jenine, shared on Twitter a message that appeared to refute the idea of her husband\u2019s candidacy. \u2014 Michael Cohen, USA TODAY , 22 May 2022",
"Shortly after the initial reports linked Howard to the Lakers, his wife, Jenine, shared on Twitter a message that appeared to refute the idea of her husband\u2019s candidacy. \u2014 Michael Cohen, Detroit Free Press , 22 May 2022",
"One way to approach this is to ask: What is Ghost World trying to refute ",
"In a plot twist that unfolded after court adjourned last Thursday, makeup company Milani Cosmetics issued a statement via social media that appeared to refute one key allegation made by Heard\u2019s legal team. \u2014 Tatiana Siegel, Rolling Stone , 25 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1545, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refutare to check, suppress, refute":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fy\u00fct"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"contradict",
"deny",
"disaffirm",
"disallow",
"disavow",
"disclaim",
"disconfirm",
"disown",
"gainsay",
"negate",
"negative",
"reject",
"repudiate"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-015250",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refuting":{
"antonyms":[
"acknowledge",
"admit",
"allow",
"avow",
"concede",
"confirm",
"own"
],
"definitions":{
": to deny the truth or accuracy of":[
"refuted the allegations"
],
": to prove wrong by argument or evidence : show to be false or erroneous":[]
},
"examples":[
"But for every study that shows acid rain is damaging frogs, another one refutes it. \u2014 Emily Yoffe , New York Times Magazine , 13 Dec. 1992",
"And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that the historian be alert to the negative instances that would refute his thesis and to alternative explanations that would be more plausible than his own. \u2014 Gertrude Himmelfarb , The New History and the Old , 1987",
"It is not necessary to refute such an argument point by point \u2026 \u2014 Denis Goulet , Center Magazine , May 1969",
"We refute these aspersions whether they come from our best friends or our worst foes. \u2014 Sir Winston Churchill , address in House of Commons , 18 Jan. 1945 , in Nathan Aus, ed., Voices of History 1945\u201346 , 1946",
"The lawyer refuted the testimony of the witness.",
"He refutes the notion that he's planning to retire soon.",
"She refuted the allegations against her.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Some believe Sarandos thinks that viewers get bored and tune out after that many episodes, though those close to him refute this. \u2014 Matt Donnelly, Variety , 21 June 2022",
"In an apparent attempt to refute such rumors, the Hebei police said in the statement the suspects fled the scene at 2.47 a.m. -- seven minutes after the assault started; and at 2.55 a.m., the four victims were sent to hospital by ambulance. \u2014 Nectar Gan And Cnn's Beijing Bureau, CNN , 21 June 2022",
"President Biden has said he was not involved in the business dealings of his son and brother, and there has been no evidence that has emerged to refute this. \u2014 Catherine Herridge, Graham Kates, CBS News , 13 June 2022",
"But our study, using the largest research cohort of Latinos in the United States, seems to refute the paradox. \u2014 Olveen Carrasquillo, The Conversation , 8 June 2022",
"Shortly after the initial reports linked Howard to the Lakers, his wife, Jenine, shared on Twitter a message that appeared to refute the idea of her husband\u2019s candidacy. \u2014 Michael Cohen, USA TODAY , 22 May 2022",
"Shortly after the initial reports linked Howard to the Lakers, his wife, Jenine, shared on Twitter a message that appeared to refute the idea of her husband\u2019s candidacy. \u2014 Michael Cohen, Detroit Free Press , 22 May 2022",
"One way to approach this is to ask: What is Ghost World trying to refute ",
"In a plot twist that unfolded after court adjourned last Thursday, makeup company Milani Cosmetics issued a statement via social media that appeared to refute one key allegation made by Heard\u2019s legal team. \u2014 Tatiana Siegel, Rolling Stone , 25 Apr. 2022"
],
"first_known_use":{
"1545, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refutare to check, suppress, refute":""
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fy\u00fct"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"contradict",
"deny",
"disaffirm",
"disallow",
"disavow",
"disclaim",
"disconfirm",
"disown",
"gainsay",
"negate",
"negative",
"reject",
"repudiate"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-051939",
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"refined wool fat":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": lanolin sense b":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-154544"
},
"reforming":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"transitive verb",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to put or change into an improved form or condition":[],
": to amend or improve by change of form or removal of faults or abuses":[],
": to put an end to (an evil) by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action":[],
": to induce or cause to abandon evil ways":[
"reform a drunkard"
],
": to subject (hydrocarbons) to cracking":[],
": to produce (gasoline, gas, etc.) by cracking":[],
": to become changed for the better":[],
": amendment of what is defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved":[],
": removal or correction of errors or of an abuse or a wrong":[],
": reform judaism":[],
": relating to or favoring reform":[
"All of the great American reform movements\u2014from civil rights to child-labor laws\u2014started far from Washington, D.C. In state legislatures and town halls \u2026",
"\u2014 William Greider"
],
": of, relating to, or practicing Reform Judaism":[
"Reform Jews, by the end of the nineteenth century, had adopted the custom of rising to their feet to pronounce the Shema in unison.",
"\u2014 Jonathan D. Sarna"
],
": to form again":[],
": to take form again":[
"the ice re-formed on the lake"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8f\u022frm",
"ri-\u02c8f\u022frm"
],
"synonyms":[
"habilitate",
"reclaim",
"redeem",
"regenerate",
"rehabilitate"
],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for reform Verb (1) correct , rectify , emend , remedy , redress , amend , reform , revise mean to make right what is wrong. correct implies taking action to remove errors, faults, deviations, defects. correct your spelling rectify implies a more essential changing to make something right, just, or properly controlled or directed. rectify a misguided policy emend specifically implies correction of a text or manuscript. emend a text remedy implies removing or making harmless a cause of trouble, harm, or evil. set out to remedy the evils of the world redress implies making compensation or reparation for an unfairness, injustice, or imbalance. redress past social injustices amend , reform , revise imply an improving by making corrective changes, amend usually suggesting slight changes amend a law , reform implying drastic change plans to reform the court system , and revise suggesting a careful examination of something and the making of necessary changes. revise the schedule",
"examples":[
"Verb (1)",
"The program is designed to reform prisoners.",
"They want to reform campaign spending.",
"The laws need to be reformed .",
"The program is designed to help former gang members who are trying to reform .",
"Noun",
"A group of senators are calling for reform of the nation's health-care system.",
"He has proposed a list of political reforms .",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"Recent elections in San Francisco and Los Angeles led to sweeping conclusions that voters have become wary about politicians seeking to reform the criminal justice system, which critics often equate with being soft on crime. \u2014 Michael Smolenscolumnist, San Diego Union-Tribune , 15 June 2022",
"What better reason to reform our health care system than to grab back the precious time of our beloved elders to spend with their grandkids, instead of fighting on the phone over health care billing",
"The view from Washington \u2014Marking the second anniversary of the murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer, Biden last week signed an executive order to reform federal policing practices, Times writer Eli Stokols reported. \u2014 Anumita Kaur, Los Angeles Times , 1 June 2022",
"In the state Legislature, attempts to reform litigation practices pit the insurance industry against trial lawyers, another politically powerful group. \u2014 Jon Schuppe, NBC News , 21 May 2022",
"According to the agreement, Intuit also has to reform its business practices. \u2014 Michael Kan, PCMAG , 4 May 2022",
"Over the last 10 years, efforts to reform prescribing practices have succeeded in slashing the dispensing of the drugs. \u2014 Andrew Joseph, STAT , 13 Feb. 2022",
"The antitrust bills with the best chance to become law in the short term are still those that reform the system around the edges, such as one that would raise merger filing fees to increase federal antitrust enforcement funding. \u2014 Washington Post , 29 June 2021",
"The rules for drawing the maps changed after voters passed a constitutional amendment in 2015 attempting to reform the process and reduce gerrymandering. \u2014 Laura Hancock, cleveland , 27 May 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"Bono working against global poverty, Kim Kardashian fighting for prison reform . \u2014 Hannah Yasharoff, USA TODAY , 3 July 2022",
"Much of Leavitt\u2019s recent donations came from the Just Trust, a nonprofit organization that advocates for criminal justice reform and is largely funded by Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. \u2014 Jessica Miller, The Salt Lake Tribune , 29 June 2022",
"Equality Squad, an activist group created in 2019 to lobby for filibuster reform , has since pivoted to opposing discrimination against trans youth. \u2014 Nico Lang, Rolling Stone , 28 June 2022",
"Biden's signature comes one month and one day after a massacre at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas, prompted nationwide calls for gun reform . \u2014 Nicholas Reimann, Forbes , 25 June 2022",
"After closing earlier this week, the survey's results will now be reviewed before recommendations for reform will be published in two months' time. \u2014 Alicia Vrajlal, refinery29.com , 24 June 2022",
"Spiva, a former Perkins Coie managing partner, spoke of his years as a civil rights attorney and working as an advocate for criminal justice reform . \u2014 Michael Brice-saddler, Washington Post , 22 June 2022",
"The court is also deciding the case at a time when the country has seen record levels of gun violence and gun deaths and a spate of deadly mass shootings that have reignited calls for gun reform , alongside record gun sales. \u2014 Meredith Deliso, ABC News , 22 June 2022",
"Wexton has advocated for criminal justice reform , enhancing disability rights, battling the opioid crisis and gun violence prevention, according to her own site. \u2014 Lisa Bennatan, Fox News , 21 June 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"Actual corporate tax revenue in 2021 was $46 billion higher than the Congressional Budget Office\u2019s post- reform forecast. \u2014 Tyler Goodspeed, WSJ , 8 May 2022",
"Under Mullins\u2019 nearly two decades of leadership, the union has fought for better pay \u2014 with contracts resulting in pay increases of 40% \u2014 and staked a prominent position in the anti- reform movement. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 6 Oct. 2021",
"The initial results also showed that pro- reform candidates who emerged from the 2019 protests had gained several seats in the 329-member parliament. \u2014 Reuters, CNN , 12 Oct. 2021",
"The initial results also showed that pro- reform candidates who emerged from the 2019 protests had gained several seats in the 329-member parliament. \u2014 NBC News , 12 Oct. 2021",
"Under Mullins\u2019 nearly two decades of leadership, the union has fought for better pay \u2013 with contracts resulting in pay increases of 40% \u2013 and staked a prominent position in the anti- reform movement. \u2014 Michael R. Sisak, USA TODAY , 5 Oct. 2021",
"The pugilistic rhetoric sheds light on where the post- reform coalition education debate will lead. \u2014 Kathryn Joyce, The New Republic , 30 Sep. 2021",
"Her anti- reform message plays well to a base of very reliable voters \u2014 older, whiter, more conservative. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 3 Sep. 2021",
"Sandu, a former prime minister who used to lead the pro- reform Party of Action and Solidarity, or PAS, promised to clean up corruption, fight poverty and strengthen relations with the EU. \u2014 Corneliu Rusnac And Stephen Mcgrath, Star Tribune , 11 July 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Anglo-French refurmer , from Latin reformare , from re- + formare to form, from forma form":"Verb"
},
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a":"Verb",
"1606, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Noun",
"1819, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Adjective",
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense":"Verb"
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-161251"
},
"reflected":{
"type":[
"transitive verb",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to prevent passage of and cause to change direction":[
"a mirror reflects light"
],
": to give back or exhibit as an image, likeness, or outline : mirror":[
"the clouds were reflected in the water"
],
": to bring or cast as a result":[
"his attitude reflects little credit on his judgment"
],
": to make manifest or apparent : show":[
"the painting reflects his artistic vision",
"the pulse reflects the condition of the heart"
],
": realize , consider":[],
": to bend or fold back":[],
": to turn into or away from a course : deflect":[],
": to throw back light or sound":[],
": to think quietly and calmly":[],
": to express a thought or opinion resulting from reflection":[],
": to tend to bring reproach or discredit":[
"an investigation that reflects on all the members of the department"
],
": to bring about a specified appearance or characterization":[
"an act which reflects well on her"
],
": to have a bearing or influence":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8flekt"
],
"synonyms":[
"image",
"mirror"
],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for reflect think , cogitate , reflect , reason , speculate , deliberate mean to use one's powers of conception, judgment, or inference. think is general and may apply to any mental activity, but used alone often suggests attainment of clear ideas or conclusions. teaches students how to think cogitate implies deep or intent thinking. cogitated on the mysteries of nature reflect suggests unhurried consideration of something recalled to the mind. reflecting on fifty years of married life reason stresses consecutive logical thinking. able to reason brilliantly in debate speculate implies reasoning about things theoretical or problematic. speculated on the fate of the lost explorers deliberate suggests slow or careful reasoning before forming an opinion or reaching a conclusion or decision. the jury deliberated for five hours",
"examples":[
"The old church is reflected in the glass exterior of the skyscraper.",
"Her book clearly reflects her beliefs.",
"Where you learned a language is reflected in your accent.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"This non-sticky oil, made to slather on your hair, body, and face, has golden and copper specks to reflect light and create a soft shimmer perfect for everyday use. \u2014 Katie Intner, Harper's BAZAAR , 30 June 2022",
"During the online discussion, Tauriac asked participants to reflect on perspectives prioritized and overlooked in their education. \u2014 Jes\u00fas Marrero Su\u00e1rez, BostonGlobe.com , 29 June 2022",
"The lyrics are not just an extension of Willow\u2019s personality but reflect on bringing people together through hate. \u2014 Jazz Tangcay, Variety , 21 June 2022",
"The Kills have come to reignite the present and reflect on their past amid the room\u2019s angular, pre-Columbian temple decor and packed dance floor. \u2014 Steve Appleford, SPIN , 21 June 2022",
"Schools censured are not observing the principles of academic freedom and tenure approved by the group, and reflect on its present administration, according to its website. \u2014 oregonlive , 17 June 2022",
"On Monday mornings the team would regularly reflect on their weekend before the start of our weekly team meetings. \u2014 Dana Brownlee, Forbes , 9 June 2022",
"But on Thursday night, the members of the student group, Black Affinity, took time to celebrate and reflect . \u2014 Mj Slaby, The Indianapolis Star , 3 June 2022",
"The original hosts of The View reunited Thursday in honor of the talk show's 25th anniversary to reminisce about their experiences and reflect on a series that would become a long-running game changer for daytime television. \u2014 Andrea Towers, EW.com , 2 June 2022"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Latin reflectere to bend back, from re- + flectere to bend":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 7":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-172250"
},
"refrigerator magnet":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a small object with a magnet attached to it that can stick to a refrigerator or other metal surface":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-174136"
},
"reforge":{
"type":[
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to forge (something) again":[
"reforging salvaged steel",
"reforge an alliance",
"\u2026 new political movements that would reforge Palestinian national identity \u2026",
"\u2014 Loren D. Lybarger"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8f\u022frj"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-203147"
},
"reformer":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": one that works for or urges reform":[],
": a leader of the Protestant Reformation":[],
": an apparatus for cracking oils or gases to form specialized products":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u022fr-m\u0259r"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"When the war ended in 1995, Dodik positioned himself as a reformer and founded a moderate alternative to Karad\u017ei\u0107\u2019s extremist party. \u2014 New York Times , 14 June 2022",
"To win, Villanueva presented himself to Democratic voters as a progressive reformer and convinced many of his liberal credentials by promising to limit the department\u2019s cooperation in county jails with federal immigration authorities. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 8 June 2022",
"While supporters hail Gascon as a reformer who is trying to change a criminal justice system fraught with inequity, critics say his moves have emboldened criminals who no longer fear harsh punishment, even for serious offenses. \u2014 Fox News , 5 May 2022",
"He is portrayed in the Western media as a liberal reformer . \u2014 Krithika Varagur, The New Republic , 11 Apr. 2022",
"In 1990, Russia was led by a friendly reformer , Mikhail Gorbachev. \u2014 George Skelton, Los Angeles Times , 28 Feb. 2022",
"Gonzalez promised his friends and allies a progressive reformer ; instead, Villanueva has careened from one controversy to another and revealed himself to be a Nixonian politician obsessed with enemies, real and imagined. \u2014 Los Angeles Times , 2 June 2022",
"Harris is a national civil and human rights activist, foster care reformer , ordained minister and political analyst. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 17 Aug. 2021",
"While there is an option to do mat work with minimal equipment, sessions on a reformer , tower or Cadillac elevate the mindful movement experience. \u2014 Bianca Salonga, Forbes , 5 May 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1526, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-210130"
},
"refortify":{
"type":[
"noun,",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to fortify (something) again":[
"refortified the castle"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8f\u022fr-t\u0259-\u02ccf\u012b"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1579, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-211756"
},
"reforestation":{
"type":[
"noun",
"transitive verb"
],
"definitions":{
": the action of renewing forest cover (as by natural seeding or by the artificial planting of seeds or young trees)":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccr\u0113-\u02ccf\u022fr-\u0259-\u02c8st\u0101-sh\u0259n",
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02ccf\u022fr-\u0259-\u02c8st\u0101-sh\u0259n",
"-\u02ccf\u00e4r-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Environmentalists have raised concerns that reforestation may be used as a fig leaf to obfuscate rising emissions. \u2014 Charlie Campbell, Time , 25 May 2022",
"An ongoing reforestation project, launched in 2018 by the U.N. refugee agency and the Lutheran World Federation, seeks to reverse the damage and improve conditions for local communities. \u2014 Lindsey Mcginnis, The Christian Science Monitor , 29 Nov. 2021",
"China has improved its reforestation work in recent years, aided by international expertise and private funding. \u2014 Charlie Campbell, Time , 25 May 2022",
"Working with TechnoServe and other partners to improve farmer production through regenerative practices, small-scale farmers learned new techniques that promoted reforestation and carbon storage, reducing their emissions by 13%. \u2014 Katarina Kahlmann, Fortune , 13 Apr. 2022",
"For every pair purchased, the brand will plant a pair of trees in the Brazilian rainforest as a way to support reforestation and endangered species. \u2014 Chris Gardner, The Hollywood Reporter , 10 Mar. 2022",
"Separating animal and human populations could prevent spillovers\u2014a step that could be achieved through land management, reforestation and regulation of wild animal trade and markets. \u2014 Lawrence O. Gostin, Scientific American , 1 Mar. 2022",
"One of the first involves more than 20,000 acres and aims to enhance forestland management through reforestation in some areas, regenerating stands of oak and hickory trees and removing invasive species. \u2014 Sarah Bowman, The Indianapolis Star , 17 Feb. 2022",
"After Climate Neutral assesses the brand\u2019s carbon footprint, it\u2019s offset with verified carbon credits that fund efforts around the globe like reforestation and renewable-energy projects. \u2014 Ebony Roberts, Outside Online , 10 Feb. 2022"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1887, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-214351"
},
"refrigerator car":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a freight car constructed and used primarily as a refrigerator in transporting fresh meats, fruits, vegetables and usually also adaptable by the installation of heating units for transporting commodities that must be protected from cold":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-214551"
},
"refrigerator":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fri-j\u0259-\u02ccr\u0101-t\u0259r"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The refrigerator is festooned with cheery aphorisms held up by Beatles magnets. \u2014 Anna Peele, Washington Post , 29 June 2022",
"Keep Everything Cold To create inventive, healthy, and filling camp meals that everyone in your party will enjoy, start with an overlanding refrigerator . \u2014 Outside Online , 28 June 2022",
"Use within a couple of hours, or store in refrigerator between paper towels with a tent of plastic wrap, for up to a day. \u2014 Rita Nader Heikenfeld, The Enquirer , 24 June 2022",
"Handles on the front are more likely to match the other appliances in your kitchen like the refrigerator or range. \u2014 Carolyn Fort\u00e9, Good Housekeeping , 21 June 2022",
"One upstairs bedroom, which had been outfitted with a kitchen in the 1960s, now has a pre-World War II-era, one-piece metal kitchenette with a drain board sink, vintage four-burner Wedgewood gas range and refrigerator . \u2014 oregonlive , 21 June 2022",
"Renters are responsible for cleaning the kitchen, including the stove, refrigerator and all other appliances. \u2014 Bailey Loosemore, The Courier-Journal , 14 June 2022",
"Let the sauce cool, then cover, transfer to the refrigerator and store for up to 1 week. \u2014 Michael A. Gardiner, San Diego Union-Tribune , 8 June 2022",
"Nine people were trapped 12 feet below the ground in a room no larger than a typical walk-in refrigerator at a restaurant, surrounded by jars of pickles, vessels with sauerkraut, and sacks of potatoes and beets. \u2014 Anna Voloshyna, Washington Post , 17 June 2022"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1611, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-222755"
},
"reformed spelling":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": any of several methods of spelling English words that use letters with more phonetic consistency than conventional spelling and that usually discard some silent letters (as in pedagog for pedagogue )":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1879, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-224112"
},
"reflex sympathetic dystrophy":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a painful disorder that usually follows a localized injury, that is marked by burning pain, swelling, and motor and sensory disturbances especially of an extremity, and that is often considered a type of complex regional pain syndrome in which peripheral nerve injury has not been identified":[
"\u2014 abbreviation RSD"
]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Williams was diagnosed with reflex sympathetic dystrophy , a pain disorder with no clear cause that can persist for years. \u2014 Washington Post , 15 Oct. 2020",
"Appelbaum, who lives with chronic pain ( reflex sympathetic dystrophy ), co-founded the lab with Whetter and works as the vice president of communications at RespectAbility. \u2014 Laura Zornosa, chicagotribune.com , 20 Aug. 2020",
"Cynthia McCullough of Charlotte told her insurer that reflex sympathetic dystrophy left her unable to bathe and dress. \u2014 Joe Marusak, charlotteobserver , 10 Mar. 2018",
"The injury led to the development of reflex sympathetic dystrophy , also known as complex regional pain syndrome, which has no cure. \u2014 Robert Rhoden, NOLA.com , 17 Oct. 2017"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1946, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-001504"
},
"refrigerative":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"definitions":{
": tending to cool : allaying heat : cooling":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle French refrigeratif , from Late Latin refrigerativus , from Latin refrigeratus (past participle of refrigerare to refrigerate) + -ivus -ive":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-003701"
},
"refoulement":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": the act of forcing a refugee or asylum seeker to return to a country or territory where he or she is likely to face persecution":[
"Since 1980, United States law has defined refugees as people with a \"well-founded fear of persecutions\" in their home country and thus entitled to sanctuary or political asylum. To send them home would risk committing the diplomatic sin of refoulement \u2014forcibly subjecting them to peril.",
"\u2014 The New York Times"
],
"\u2014 see also non-refoulement":[
"Since 1980, United States law has defined refugees as people with a \"well-founded fear of persecutions\" in their home country and thus entitled to sanctuary or political asylum. To send them home would risk committing the diplomatic sin of refoulement \u2014forcibly subjecting them to peril.",
"\u2014 The New York Times"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"r\u0259-\u02ccf\u00fcl-\u02c8m\u00e4n"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Legal experts argue that these actions violate international laws against refoulement , or the return of migrants to unsafe places. \u2014 Ian Urbina, The New Yorker , 28 Nov. 2021",
"The forcible return of the migrants, a practice known as refoulement , has also put many of them in lethal danger on land, because of Libya\u2019s civil war. \u2014 New York Times , 20 Mar. 2020",
"Escontrias, her lawyer, said Ricci was referred to a third non- refoulement interview during her hearing, which CBS News was barred from observing. \u2014 Camilo Montoya-galvez, CBS News , 13 Aug. 2019"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"borrowed from French, literally, \"turning away, rejection,\" going back to Middle French, from refouler \"to force back, push in\" (from re- re- + fouler \"to crush, full (fabric),\" going back to Old French) + -ment -ment \u2014 more at full entry 5":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1954, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-003755"
},
"refrigerating engine":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": an apparatus working in a reversed heat-engine cycle for utilizing mechanical energy (as by compressing and expanding ammonia gas) to extract heat from a substance (as circulating brine) \u2014 compare brayton cycle":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-012054"
},
"refraction":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": deflection from a straight path undergone by a light ray or energy wave in passing obliquely from one medium (such as air) into another (such as glass) in which its velocity is different":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8frak-sh\u0259n"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"But, ice is less dense than water, and hail doesn\u2019t tend to fall as thickly as rain, so its refraction of cell signal will be less, too. \u2014 Wes Siler, Outside Online , 20 May 2017",
"The processes of reflection, refraction , and diffraction of light can produce some really interesting things in the sky. \u2014 Marshall Shepherd, Forbes , 17 May 2022",
"This spectacular optics are caused by the presence of ice crystals interacting with sunlight (mainly refraction ). \u2014 Marshall Shepherd, Forbes , 17 May 2022",
"The Refractive Index Matching Technology encourages even light refraction across the hair\u2019s surface for a clean and even finish. \u2014 Chris Hachey, BGR , 29 Apr. 2022",
"And people with a still-somewhat-flexible lens (that is, perhaps younger people whose up-close vision is just starting to blur) also get the benefit of more refraction . \u2014 Steven Odierna As Told To Stephanie Dolgoff, Good Housekeeping , 9 Mar. 2022",
"Hold it up to the light, see light itself broken down within the shining layers\u2014reflection, refraction , diffraction. \u2014 Greg Delanty, The Atlantic , 2 Mar. 2022",
"Oil and glass share similar responses to light refraction . \u2014 Demetrius Simms, Robb Report , 24 Jan. 2022",
"When white light enters an ice crystal, the light slows down and is bent through a process know as refraction . \u2014 Washington Post , 23 Dec. 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1603, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-035003"
},
"refrigerates":{
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fri-j\u0259-\u02ccr\u0101t"
],
"synonyms":[
"chill",
"cool"
],
"antonyms":[
"heat",
"toast",
"warm"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Refrigerate the mixture for an hour before serving.",
"refrigerate the cake after you frost it so that the frosting doesn't melt",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Seal bag and refrigerate at least 8 hours or overnight. \u2014 Bethany Thayer, Detroit Free Press , 25 June 2022",
"Seal the jar and refrigerate for at least six hours or overnight to let the tea steep. \u2014 Casey Barber, CNN , 13 June 2022",
"Cool briefly and refrigerate for about 1 hour, or until chilled. \u2014 Sally Pasley Vargas, BostonGlobe.com , 31 May 2022",
"Slice off the crowns and refrigerate them for use when serving. \u2014 M. Carrie Allan, Washington Post , 20 May 2022",
"Cover with foil and refrigerate for at least 2 hours before serving. \u2014 Alysha Witwicki, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , 17 Jan. 2022",
"Cover and refrigerate for at least 3 hours before serving. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 22 Dec. 2021",
"Cover with foil and refrigerate for at least 8 hours or overnight. \u2014 Susan Selasky, Detroit Free Press , 22 Dec. 2021",
"Mix the dipping sauce first by combining the mayonnaise, garlic mustard leaves and lemon juice, then refrigerate . \u2014 Chicago Tribune , 12 May 2022"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refrigeratus , past participle of refrigerare , from re- + frigerare to cool, from frigor-, frigus cold \u2014 more at frigid":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1534, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-062707"
},
"refract":{
"type":[
"transitive verb",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to subject (something, such as a ray of light) to refraction":[],
": to alter or distort as if by refraction":[
"to refract that familiar world through the mind and heart of a romantic \u2026 woman",
"\u2014 Anton Myrer"
],
": to determine the refracting power of":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8frakt"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Light is refracted when it hits water.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Drive through dust or precipitation, and those roof lights will also refract off those particles right in front of your eyes. \u2014 Wes Siler, Outside Online , 26 Jan. 2021",
"The impetus, conscious or not, is to preserve memories and nourish nostalgia, if not to refract the past through the evolving contexts of an unknown future, one that is more often than not carelessly considered to be guaranteed. \u2014 Nick Paumgarten, The New Yorker , 22 Jan. 2022",
"When someone develops myopia, their eye grows incorrectly, which leads the light entering the eyeball to refract incorrectly and converge in front of the retina instead of on it. \u2014 Fortune , 12 Jan. 2022",
"Projected SolidLight objects accurately move, refract and reflect as if in real space. \u2014 Tom Coughlin, Forbes , 27 Dec. 2021",
"Just adding five milligrams will change the color of an entire kilogram of cellulose, making the crystals refract shorter wavelengths, like greens and blues. \u2014 Sara Harrison, Wired , 6 Dec. 2021",
"So the book reflects the ways a bunch of academic disciplines refract the idea of urbanism, of how to make a city that supports everyone who lives there. \u2014 Adam Rogers, Wired , 10 Aug. 2021",
"That caused the light that was leaving the graphene\u2019s surface to refract slightly, in addition to the changes the cells\u2019 electric fields were already having on its reflectivity. \u2014 Karmela Padavic-callaghan, Wired , 12 July 2021",
"When struck by sunlight, the pillars\u2019 glossy skins refract a full rainbow of metallic hues. \u2014 Washington Post , 18 June 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refractus , past participle of refringere to break open, break up, from re- + frangere to break \u2014 more at break":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1612, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-071451"
},
"reford":{
"type":[
"transitive verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to ford again":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\"+"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + ford":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-071550"
},
"refoot":{
"type":[
"transitive verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to provide (as a stocking, a pillar) with a new foot":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02c8)r\u0113+"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + foot":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-073201"
},
"refracting telescope":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": refractor":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, is home to the largest refracting telescope in the world. \u2014 Dean Regas, The Enquirer , 9 Oct. 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1764, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-083412"
},
"refracting system":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": refractive system":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-090237"
},
"refracting":{
"type":[
"transitive verb",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to subject (something, such as a ray of light) to refraction":[],
": to alter or distort as if by refraction":[
"to refract that familiar world through the mind and heart of a romantic \u2026 woman",
"\u2014 Anton Myrer"
],
": to determine the refracting power of":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8frakt"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Light is refracted when it hits water.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Drive through dust or precipitation, and those roof lights will also refract off those particles right in front of your eyes. \u2014 Wes Siler, Outside Online , 26 Jan. 2021",
"The impetus, conscious or not, is to preserve memories and nourish nostalgia, if not to refract the past through the evolving contexts of an unknown future, one that is more often than not carelessly considered to be guaranteed. \u2014 Nick Paumgarten, The New Yorker , 22 Jan. 2022",
"When someone develops myopia, their eye grows incorrectly, which leads the light entering the eyeball to refract incorrectly and converge in front of the retina instead of on it. \u2014 Fortune , 12 Jan. 2022",
"Projected SolidLight objects accurately move, refract and reflect as if in real space. \u2014 Tom Coughlin, Forbes , 27 Dec. 2021",
"Just adding five milligrams will change the color of an entire kilogram of cellulose, making the crystals refract shorter wavelengths, like greens and blues. \u2014 Sara Harrison, Wired , 6 Dec. 2021",
"So the book reflects the ways a bunch of academic disciplines refract the idea of urbanism, of how to make a city that supports everyone who lives there. \u2014 Adam Rogers, Wired , 10 Aug. 2021",
"That caused the light that was leaving the graphene\u2019s surface to refract slightly, in addition to the changes the cells\u2019 electric fields were already having on its reflectivity. \u2014 Karmela Padavic-callaghan, Wired , 12 July 2021",
"When struck by sunlight, the pillars\u2019 glossy skins refract a full rainbow of metallic hues. \u2014 Washington Post , 18 June 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refractus , past participle of refringere to break open, break up, from re- + frangere to break \u2014 more at break":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1612, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-090851"
},
"referent":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8re-f(\u0259-)r\u0259nt"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"As the series builds, one suspicion is that the real referent of its title is to a rational mindset born of the Enlightenment buoyed by scientific progress which, until very recently was held to be the answer to everyone\u2019s problems. \u2014 John Hopewell, Variety , 27 June 2022",
"Atop the frame balance an apple and one of Crivelli\u2019s mysterious green vegetables, which looks like an emoji for which the referent has been forgotten. \u2014 Rebecca Mead, The New Yorker , 9 June 2022",
"Nyerere even made the term Swahili a referent to Tanzanian citizenship. \u2014 John M. Mugane, Quartz , 5 Apr. 2022",
"The other half is constructed with the memories, longing, referents , et cetera, of the readers\u2019 lives. \u2014 Kathleen Rooney, chicagotribune.com , 8 Oct. 2019",
"Even Robert De Niro is here, a direct referent to Scorsese-land, as Murray Franklin, the genially corrupt host of the late-night talk show that Arthur watches with his shut-in mother (Frances Conroy) and dreams of appearing on. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 3 Oct. 2019",
"And there needs to be a clearer referent in the present. \u2014 Chris Jones, chicagotribune.com , 4 June 2019",
"There are hundreds of millions of people who understand this tweet, and understood its referents on every other social platform in 2018. \u2014 Kaitlyn Tiffany, Vox , 20 Dec. 2018",
"Framing is an opportunity to break the tremendous power of the image in relation to its referent . \u2014 Ben Sachs, Chicago Reader , 16 Apr. 2018"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin referent-, referens , present participle of referre":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1844, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-122921"
},
"reformed":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"definitions":{
": changed for the better":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u022frmd"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"And so a reformed idea of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) has become part of the international discussion once again, this time driven even-more clearly by operational costs. \u2014 Steve Tengler, Forbes , 21 June 2022",
"Later on, the team was mostly made up of reformed villains seeking redemption, and the Thunderbolts often took on dangerous missions for the government, Suicide Squad-style. \u2014 Devan Coggan, EW.com , 9 June 2022",
"The gunman, at least in the public record, seemed to be a reformed , middle-aged ex-convict who had put the crimes of his youth behind him. \u2014 New York Times , 22 Jan. 2022",
"Parents were told their sons would leave reformed members of the Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church. \u2014 Washington Post , 30 Nov. 2021",
"The reformed vigilante serial killer isn't tracking a human, though, but a beautiful white buck. \u2014 Matt Cabral, EW.com , 8 Nov. 2021",
"There must be accountability for harm, whether found in transitional or transformative justice or through a reformed criminal justice system. \u2014 Time , 20 Sep. 2021",
"The reformed credit is one of the largest anti-poverty initiatives the federal government has undertaken since former President Lyndon B. Johnson launched his war on poverty in 1964\u2014reaching roughly 90% of U.S. families with children. \u2014 Abby Vesoulis, Time , 16 July 2021",
"Clementine, a reformed , 72-year-old con artist whose signature haberdashery suits her glamorous Paris environs, is one of the best protagonists of the summer. \u2014 Bethanne Patrick, Los Angeles Times , 11 June 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"circa 1538, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-134904"
},
"refloat":{
"type":[
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to float (something) again":[
"Although there are no plans to refloat the wreck, divers expect to carefully document and remove whatever they can of Franklin's flagship.",
"\u2014 Bob Weber",
"New Zealand conservation authorities said 240 pilot whales that were stranded overnight at a remote bay \u2026 refloated themselves on Sunday and were swimming offshore.",
"\u2014 Reuters",
"Banks were refloated and the US trade deficit returned to its pre-2008 level.",
"\u2014 Yanis Varoufakis"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02cc)r\u0113-\u02c8fl\u014dt"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1812, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-143342"
},
"refrigerant":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": allaying heat or fever":[],
": a refrigerant agent or agency: such as":[],
": a medication for reducing body heat":[],
": a substance used in refrigeration":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fri-j\u0259-r\u0259nt",
"ri-\u02c8frij-(\u0259-)r\u0259nt",
"-\u02c8frij-r\u0259nt"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web: Adjective",
"Heat pumps, by contrast, just move refrigerant around the house in insulated pipes. \u2014 Tim Fitzpatrick, The Salt Lake Tribune , 26 May 2022",
"Homes that are air-conditioned are likely serviced every few years and may be topped off with refrigerant . \u2014 Ian Palmer, Forbes , 27 Mar. 2022",
"The Ultium motors are oil cooled and that oil flows through an oil-to- refrigerant heat exchanger. \u2014 Sam Abuelsamid, Forbes , 25 Apr. 2022",
"Heat pumps use a refrigerant to transfer heat from the outside air, ground or water into a home. \u2014 Kim Mackrael, WSJ , 22 Apr. 2022",
"Similarly, a home air conditioning unit compresses refrigerant with a pump and then expands it to cool the air. \u2014 Manasee Wagh, Popular Mechanics , 18 Apr. 2022",
"As the refrigerant expands, a pump takes it away, and a radiator dumps its absorbed heat. \u2014 Manasee Wagh, Popular Mechanics , 18 Apr. 2022",
"Greenhouse gases created by burning gasoline and natural gas and the refrigerant that has slowly escaped into the atmosphere make up most of my Scope 1 emissions. \u2014 Ian Palmer, Forbes , 27 Mar. 2022",
"Ammonia, another natural refrigerant , meanwhile, has a GWP of 0. \u2014 Aurora Almendral, Quartz , 7 Feb. 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"For five of the nine ice rinks at the Beijing Olympics, the natural refrigerant is CO2. \u2014 Aurora Almendral, Quartz , 7 Feb. 2022",
"Critics have charged that the restrictions will hurt consumers whose air conditioners and refrigerators run on the affordable refrigerant . \u2014 Maureen Groppe, USA TODAY , 23 Sep. 2021",
"Superconductivity was discovered way back in 1911, when liquid helium first came into widespread use as a refrigerant . \u2014 Ethan Siegel, Forbes , 7 July 2021",
"To attain the contest\u2019s goal of five times less impact on climate, an air conditioner using a standard HFC refrigerant would have to use 6.4 times less electricity than the baseline unit. \u2014 Emily Underwood, Scientific American , 23 June 2021",
"Wood said more than half of all models sold in the U.S. by GE now use a climate-friendly refrigerant . \u2014 Phil Mckenna, The Courier-Journal , 15 Mar. 2021",
"There\u2019s a problem with that logic though: The agreement to phase down hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, a potent climate-warming refrigerant , by 85% by 2035, is in essence a mandate. \u2014 Abby Smith, Washington Examiner , 22 Dec. 2020",
"The package is headlined by a measure to phase down hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, a climate-warming refrigerant , by 85% by 2035, which would be one of the most significant emissions-reducing measures ever passed. \u2014 Josh Siegel, Washington Examiner , 21 Dec. 2020",
"Other materials include a cannibalized empty refrigerant can, trailer hitch, steel bar, steel wire, fender washers and piezo microphone along with FM transmitter, solar panel battery charger, paint, grease and welding wire. \u2014 Linda Mcintosh, San Diego Union-Tribune , 1 Sep. 2020"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1599, in the meaning defined above":"Adjective",
"1676, in the meaning defined above":"Noun"
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-143631"
},
"refr":{
"type":[
"abbreviation"
],
"definitions":{
"refraction":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-143838"
},
"referential":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"adverb",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccre-f\u0259-\u02c8ren(t)-sh\u0259l"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"This self- referential quality may be a more existential threat to DeFi than liquidity crises. \u2014 Jon Sindreu, WSJ , 29 June 2022",
"Irma Vep takes that self- referential element to a mind-boggling degree. \u2014 Erica Gonzales, ELLE , 22 June 2022",
"It was packed with witty and self- referential dialogue not normally encountered on a teen soap. \u2014 Emily Yahr, Washington Post , 13 May 2022",
"Yet what these two aging but vital figures keep telling us, with the spiky affection of their cross- referential camaraderie, is what publishing can be: a holy quest to create something that binds readers the way religion does. \u2014 Owen Gleiberman, Variety , 17 June 2022",
"From subjects who reappear in intimate street photos over many years, to bold stylistic accents, fans will delight in Klein\u2019s self- referential indulgences. \u2014 Natasha Gural, Forbes , 1 June 2022",
"As funny as Scream is (and all of its sequels and spinoffs), what holds it together is the fact that despite the presence of all the humor and self- referential metatext, these movies are still damn scary. \u2014 Keith Nelson, Men's Health , 30 May 2022",
"The self- referential writing doesn't take itself too seriously, and the game delivered a few laugh-out-loud moments, even in a 30-minute demo. \u2014 Kyle Orland, Ars Technica , 29 Apr. 2022",
"Because the play is so self- referential , Jackson had to figure out his own life before knowing how Usher fares, and therefore how the musical ends. \u2014 New York Times , 29 Apr. 2022"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1660, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-171639"
},
"refractionate":{
"type":[
"noun",
"transitive verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to fractionate again (as by distillation)":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02c8)r\u0113+"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"re- + fractionate":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-175805"
},
"refolder":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": one that inspects and refolds garments":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\"\u0259(r)"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-192032"
},
"refrigeration":{
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fri-j\u0259-\u02ccr\u0101t"
],
"synonyms":[
"chill",
"cool"
],
"antonyms":[
"heat",
"toast",
"warm"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Refrigerate the mixture for an hour before serving.",
"refrigerate the cake after you frost it so that the frosting doesn't melt",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Seal bag and refrigerate at least 8 hours or overnight. \u2014 Bethany Thayer, Detroit Free Press , 25 June 2022",
"Seal the jar and refrigerate for at least six hours or overnight to let the tea steep. \u2014 Casey Barber, CNN , 13 June 2022",
"Cool briefly and refrigerate for about 1 hour, or until chilled. \u2014 Sally Pasley Vargas, BostonGlobe.com , 31 May 2022",
"Slice off the crowns and refrigerate them for use when serving. \u2014 M. Carrie Allan, Washington Post , 20 May 2022",
"Cover with foil and refrigerate for at least 2 hours before serving. \u2014 Alysha Witwicki, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , 17 Jan. 2022",
"Cover and refrigerate for at least 3 hours before serving. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 22 Dec. 2021",
"Cover with foil and refrigerate for at least 8 hours or overnight. \u2014 Susan Selasky, Detroit Free Press , 22 Dec. 2021",
"Mix the dipping sauce first by combining the mayonnaise, garlic mustard leaves and lemon juice, then refrigerate . \u2014 Chicago Tribune , 12 May 2022"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refrigeratus , past participle of refrigerare , from re- + frigerare to cool, from frigor-, frigus cold \u2014 more at frigid":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1534, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-201629"
},
"refraction angle":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": the difference between the geometrical and observed altitude of a celestial body that is produced by atmospheric refraction":[],
": angle of refraction":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-203325"
},
"referred":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"definitions":{
": subjectively localized in one region of the body though originating in another region":[
"It is possible that, in some patients at least, the referred sensations during stimulation reinforce the pain relief produced by the placebo effect.",
"\u2014 Ronald Melzack et al.",
"\u2026 the doctor was almost sure it was just an infection or perhaps referred pain from the lower backache \u2026",
"\u2014 Gary Smith"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u0259rd"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1845, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-214409"
},
"refracting angle":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": the dihedral angle (as of a prism) included between the planes of the two sides through which the refracted beam passes \u2014 compare refraction angle":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-215026"
},
"refers":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun",
"transitive verb",
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": to think of, regard, or classify within a general category or group":[],
": to explain in terms of a general cause":[],
": to allot to a particular place, stage, or period":[],
": to regard as coming from or located in a specific area":[],
": to send or direct for treatment, aid, information, or decision":[
"refer a patient to a specialist",
"refer a bill back to a committee"
],
": to direct for testimony or guaranty as to character or ability":[],
": to have relation or connection : relate":[],
": to direct attention usually by clear and specific mention":[
"no one referred to yesterday's quarrel"
],
": to have recourse : glance briefly":[
"referred frequently to his notes while speaking"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8f\u0259r"
],
"synonyms":[
"appertain",
"apply",
"bear",
"pertain",
"relate"
],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"How can doctors refer patients for treatment without examining them first",
"Most of the patients we see here were referred by other doctors.",
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"When an 18th-century poet combined Christopher Marlowe\u2019s unflattering portrayal of Isabella with the term She-Wolf, which Shakespeare had used to refer to Margaret of Anjou in Henry VI, the nickname stuck. \u2014 Anne Th\u00e9riault, Longreads , 21 June 2022",
"But unlike other recent high-profile massacres nationally in Uvalde and Buffalo, the violence in Vestavia Hills is not technically considered a mass shooting \u2013 a term typically used to refer to shootings with four or more victims. \u2014 Ashley Remkus | Aremkus@al.com, al , 18 June 2022",
"The name refers to the Turkish people, a name used to refer to those living in the region since at least the Middle Age. \u2014 Adam Taylor, Washington Post , 2 June 2022",
"And while Russia is considered a rogue state \u2014 a loose term used by international theorists to refer to countries that threaten global peace and order \u2014 by the U.S. government, China is not. \u2014 Josh Rottenberg, Los Angeles Times , 27 May 2022",
"Astronomers use the term NEO is used to refer to any object that passes within 30 million miles of Earth\u2019s orbit. \u2014 Joshua Hawkins, BGR , 24 May 2022",
"That same year, the suit says, Zolciak-Biermann used the N-word to refer to Leakes and other of the housewives after a dispute with them, the suit alleges. \u2014 NBC News , 21 Apr. 2022",
"That same year, the suit says, Zolciak-Biermann used the N-word to refer to Leakes and other of the housewives after a dispute with them, the suit alleges. \u2014 CBS News , 21 Apr. 2022",
"That same year, the suit says, Zolciak-Biermann used the N-word to refer to Leakes and other of the housewives after a dispute with them, the suit alleges. \u2014 Andrew Dalton, USA TODAY , 20 Apr. 2022"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English referren , from Anglo-French referer, referir , from Latin referre to bring back, report, refer, from re- + ferre to carry \u2014 more at bear":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1a(1)":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-215211"
},
"reflex arc":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": the complete nervous path involved in a reflex":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1882, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-233708"
},
"refectory table":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a long table with heavy legs":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"As many calories as this team burns, the menu here runs to a high-volume midday meal of proteins and starches served family-style at the refectory table in the back. \u2014 Jeff Macgregor, Smithsonian Magazine , 23 May 2022",
"The seven bedrooms are augmented by snugs and drawing rooms while a pantry with a refectory table provides breakfasts, as well as private lunches and dinners on request and minibars. \u2014 Sarah Turner, Forbes , 28 May 2021",
"The dining room table is a dark oak refectory table . \u2014 Joanne Kempinger Demski, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , 20 Feb. 2020",
"The Hotel Charleston Cartagena was once a convent; today the refectory table at the entry holds a gigantic arrangement of heliotropes and birds-of-paradise. \u2014 Maureen Orth, Town & Country , 11 Jan. 2013",
"Petals were scattered among gigantic candlesticks on the thirty-foot linen runner covering the immense refectory table ; each of us was attended by a footman dressed as a hooded monk. \u2014 Maureen Orth, Town & Country , 11 Jan. 2013"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1825, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220710-012008"
},
"refectory":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a dining hall (as in a monastery or college)":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fek-t(\u0259-)r\u0113"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"The iconic tableau, which attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors annually before the pandemic, is housed in the refectory of the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy. \u2014 CNN , 29 June 2022",
"Until the fall of the Venetian Republic, the painter\u2019s masterpiece, The Wedding Feast at Cana, hung in the refectory at the monastery. \u2014 Max Vadukul. Styled By Nicoletta Santoro., Town & Country , 12 June 2022",
"The refectory had been converted into sleeping quarters, and dozens of mattresses covered the dining tables. \u2014 Luke Mogelson, The New Yorker , 2 May 2022",
"The loss of the refectory two years ago created an opportunity, as unfortunate as that fire was, to take a leap forward with the long-term vision for Bde Maka Ska, instead of making this congested area even more congested. \u2014 Star Tribune , 16 May 2021",
"We were seated at a standard four-top, but the massive refectory tables that ran the length of the hall could have accommodated fifty people each. \u2014 Michael Deagler, Harper's Magazine , 27 Oct. 2020",
"The brothers needed dining chairs for their refectory . \u2014 Sarah Medford, WSJ , 9 Oct. 2020",
"Cardinal Lajolo added that especially after the scare in Santa Marta, the pope no longer ate in the refectory with the other priests. \u2014 Jason Horowitz, New York Times , 27 Mar. 2020",
"Returned to the refectory , the painting sustained slight damage during the momentous flooding of Florence in 1966 but escaped largely unscathed. \u2014 Meilan Solly, Smithsonian , 21 Oct. 2019"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Anglo-French refectorie , from Late Latin refectorium , from Latin reficere":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"15th century, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220710-021506"
},
"refel":{
"type":[
"verb"
],
"definitions":{
": reject , repulse":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"ri-\u02c8fel"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refellere to prove false, refute, from re- + fallere to deceive":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1548, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220710-021528"
},
"refractary":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"definitions":{
": refractory":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"-t\u0259ri",
"r\u0259\u0307\u02c8frakt\u0259r\u0113",
"r\u0113\u02c8f-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Latin refractarius , from refractus (past participle of refringere to refract, break off) + -arius -ary":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220710-025034"
},
"referrible":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"definitions":{
": referable":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"r\u0259\u0307\u02c8f\u0259r\u2027\u0259b\u0259l",
"r\u0113\u02c8f- also -f\u0259\u0304r\u0259b-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"refer + -able":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220710-044032"
}
}
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