dict_dl/en_MW_thesaurus/ci_mwt.json
2022-07-10 03:16:16 +00:00

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{
"cicerone":{
"as in adviser , counselor":{
"antonyms":[],
"examples":[],
"near antonyms":[],
"related":[],
"synonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cinch":{
"something that is easy to do":{
"examples":[
"the clear instructions made setting up the audiovisual system a cinch"
],
"synonyms":[
"breeze",
"cake",
"cakewalk",
"child's play",
"cream puff",
"duck soup",
"kid stuff",
"picnic",
"pushover",
"roses",
"snap"
],
"near synonyms":[
"no-brainer",
"nothing",
"sitting duck",
"gimme",
"laugher",
"walkaway"
],
"near antonyms":[
"brainteaser",
"poser",
"stumper",
"toughie",
"toughy",
"bother",
"nuisance",
"trouble"
],
"antonyms":[
"bear",
"beast",
"chore",
"headache",
"horror show",
"killer",
"labor",
"murder",
"pain",
"sticky wicket",
"stinker"
]
},
"one that is certain to succeed":{
"examples":[
"after that hole in one, she's a cinch to make the cut for the next round of the tournament"
],
"synonyms":[
"lock",
"shoo-in",
"slam dunk",
"sure thing"
],
"near synonyms":[
"certainty",
"inevitability",
"eventuality",
"foregone conclusion"
],
"near antonyms":[
"dark horse",
"long shot"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make sure, certain, or safe":{
"examples":[
"the team's latest victory cinches a trip to the play-offs"
],
"synonyms":[
"assure",
"ensure",
"guarantee",
"guaranty",
"ice",
"insure",
"secure"
],
"near synonyms":[
"attest",
"certify",
"vouch",
"warrant",
"witness",
"pledge",
"promise",
"swear"
],
"near antonyms":[
"enfeeble",
"undermine",
"weaken"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"circlets":{
"as in ringlets":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"ringlets",
"circles",
"cirques",
"rings",
"roundels",
"rounds",
"ellipses",
"loops",
"ovals",
"balls",
"globes",
"orbs",
"spheres"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circuit":{
"as in compass , ambit":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"ambit",
"compass",
"circumference",
"girth",
"waistline",
"equator",
"diameter",
"radius",
"perimeter",
"periphery"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"as in loop , circle":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"circle",
"loop",
"orbit",
"course",
"line",
"path",
"pathway",
"route",
"routeway",
"steps",
"track",
"way",
"arc",
"flight path",
"trajectory",
"ascent",
"descent"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"as in tour":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"tour",
"journey",
"travel(s)",
"voyage",
"expedition",
"odyssey",
"safari",
"excursion",
"jaunt",
"junket",
"outing",
"ramble",
"sally",
"sashay",
"sortie",
"spin",
"detour",
"hike",
"peregrination",
"trek",
"walk",
"pilgrimage"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"as in conference":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"conference",
"affiliation",
"cooperative",
"partnership",
"association",
"group",
"organization",
"faction",
"front",
"fusion",
"side",
"wing",
"cartel",
"syndicate",
"trust",
"cabal",
"conspiracy",
"junto",
"alliance",
"axis",
"bloc",
"block",
"coalition",
"combination",
"combine",
"confederacy",
"confederation",
"federation",
"league",
"union"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to travel completely around":{
"examples":[
"after circuiting the exterior of the church, the procession headed inside"
],
"synonyms":[
"circle",
"circumnavigate",
"circumvent",
"compass",
"encircle",
"girdle",
"orbit",
"ring",
"round"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumambulate",
"cross",
"perambulate",
"traverse"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"circulate":{
"to cause to be known over a considerable area or by many people":{
"examples":[
"circulate the plans for the new stadium around town to get people's reaction"
],
"synonyms":[
"broadcast",
"disseminate",
"propagate",
"spread"
],
"near synonyms":[
"radiate",
"sprawl",
"diffuse",
"dispense",
"disperse",
"dissipate",
"scatter",
"sow",
"communicate",
"convey",
"impart",
"pass (on)",
"transmit"
],
"near antonyms":[
"cloak",
"conceal",
"enshroud",
"hide",
"hold (in)",
"mask",
"obscure",
"secrete",
"shroud",
"veil",
"contain",
"limit",
"restrict"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make (as a piece of information) the subject of common talk without any authority or confirmation of accuracy":{
"examples":[
"circulated a rumor that someone was about to be fired"
],
"synonyms":[
"bruit (about)",
"noise (about or abroad)",
"rumor",
"whisper"
],
"near synonyms":[
"bandy (about)",
"blab",
"dish",
"gossip",
"tattle",
"bare",
"disclose",
"divulge",
"expose",
"let on (about)",
"report",
"reveal",
"spill",
"tell",
"hint",
"imply",
"insinuate",
"intimate",
"suggest",
"blaze",
"broadcast",
"proclaim",
"promulgate",
"propagate",
"publicize",
"spread"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to become known":{
"examples":[
"the prince denies the story about an extramarital affair that's been circulating in the tabloids"
],
"synonyms":[
"break",
"come out",
"get about",
"get around",
"get out",
"get round",
"leak (out)",
"out",
"spread"
],
"near synonyms":[
"develop",
"transpire",
"unfold",
"disclose",
"reveal",
"spill",
"tell"
],
"near antonyms":[
"hush (up)",
"suppress",
"conceal",
"disguise",
"hide",
"mask",
"secrete"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circulating":{
"to cause to be known over a considerable area or by many people":{
"examples":[
"circulate the plans for the new stadium around town to get people's reaction"
],
"synonyms":[
"broadcasting",
"disseminating",
"propagating",
"spreading"
],
"near synonyms":[
"radiating",
"sprawling",
"diffusing",
"dispensing",
"dispersing",
"dissipating",
"scattering",
"sowing",
"communicating",
"conveying",
"imparting",
"passing (on)",
"transmitting"
],
"near antonyms":[
"cloaking",
"concealing",
"enshrouding",
"hiding",
"holding (in)",
"masking",
"obscuring",
"secreting",
"shrouding",
"veiling",
"containing",
"limiting",
"restricting"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make (as a piece of information) the subject of common talk without any authority or confirmation of accuracy":{
"examples":[
"circulated a rumor that someone was about to be fired"
],
"synonyms":[
"bruiting (about)",
"noising (about or abroad)",
"rumoring",
"whispering"
],
"near synonyms":[
"bandying (about)",
"blabbing",
"dishing",
"gossiping",
"tattling",
"baring",
"disclosing",
"divulging",
"exposing",
"letting on (about)",
"reporting",
"revealing",
"spilling",
"telling",
"hinting",
"implying",
"insinuating",
"intimating",
"suggesting",
"blazing",
"broadcasting",
"proclaiming",
"promulgating",
"propagating",
"publicizing",
"spreading"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to become known":{
"examples":[
"the prince denies the story about an extramarital affair that's been circulating in the tabloids"
],
"synonyms":[
"breaking",
"coming out",
"getting about",
"getting around",
"getting out",
"getting round",
"leaking (out)",
"outing",
"spreading"
],
"near synonyms":[
"developing",
"transpiring",
"unfolding",
"disclosing",
"revealing",
"spilling",
"telling"
],
"near antonyms":[
"hushing (up)",
"suppressing",
"concealing",
"disguising",
"hiding",
"masking",
"secreting"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circumfused":{
"to surround or cover closely":{
"examples":[
"circumfused in darkness, the isolated house seemed the perfect spot for a clandestine meeting"
],
"synonyms":[
"bosomed",
"bowered",
"cocooned",
"embosomed",
"embowered",
"embraced",
"enclosed",
"inclosed",
"encompassed",
"enfolded",
"enshrouded",
"enswathed",
"enveloped",
"enwrapped",
"invested",
"involved",
"lapped",
"mantled",
"muffled",
"shrouded",
"swathed",
"veiled",
"wrapped"
],
"near synonyms":[
"curtained",
"draped",
"embedded",
"imbedded",
"encased",
"swaddled",
"blanketed",
"overlaid",
"overspread",
"camouflaged",
"cloaked",
"disguised",
"masked",
"circled",
"encircled",
"enlaced",
"enwound"
],
"near antonyms":[
"bared",
"denuded",
"exposed",
"stripped",
"stript"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circumlocution":{
"deliberate evasion in speech":{
"examples":[
"rather than answering the question directly, he resorted to circumlocution , which made her suspect that he was hiding something"
],
"synonyms":[
"equivocation",
"shuffle",
"tergiversation"
],
"near synonyms":[
"quibbling",
"ambiguity",
"ambiguousness",
"equivocalness",
"murkiness",
"nebulousness",
"obscureness",
"obscurity",
"opacity"
],
"near antonyms":[
"candor",
"directness",
"forthrightness",
"frankness",
"openheartedness",
"openness",
"plainness",
"plumpness",
"straightforwardness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"the use of too many words to express an idea":{
"examples":[
"your papers have to be five pages long, but that's five pages of substance, not circumlocution"
],
"synonyms":[
"diffuseness",
"diffusion",
"garrulity",
"garrulousness",
"logorrhea",
"long-windedness",
"periphrasis",
"prolixity",
"redundancy",
"verbalism",
"verbiage",
"verboseness",
"verbosity",
"windiness",
"wordage",
"wordiness"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circuitousness",
"circularity",
"digressiveness",
"pleonasm",
"tautology",
"reiteration",
"repetition",
"repetitiousness",
"repetitiveness",
"embellishment",
"embroidering",
"exaggeration",
"hyperbole",
"overstatement"
],
"near antonyms":[
"brevity",
"briefness",
"compactness",
"conciseness",
"concision",
"crispness",
"pithiness",
"succinctness",
"terseness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumlocutory":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"using or containing more words than necessary to express an idea":{
"antonyms":[
"compact",
"concise",
"crisp",
"pithy",
"succinct",
"terse"
],
"examples":[
"the studio's statement that \"the film's earnings did not live up to expectations\" was a circumlocutory admission that the movie was a flop"
],
"near antonyms":[
"brief",
"short",
"aphoristic",
"epigrammatic",
"sententious",
"compendious",
"summary",
"abbreviated",
"abridged",
"condensed",
"shortened",
"abrupt",
"blunt",
"brusque",
"brusk",
"curt",
"laconic",
"snippy"
],
"related":[
"chatty",
"communicative",
"conversational",
"gabby",
"loquacious",
"talkative",
"talky",
"voluble",
"periphrastic",
"redundant",
"repetitious",
"tautological",
"tautologous",
"embellished",
"embroidered",
"exaggerated",
"bombastic",
"gaseous",
"gassy",
"grandiloquent",
"highfalutin",
"hifalutin"
],
"synonyms":[
"circuitous",
"diffuse",
"garrulous",
"logorrheic",
"long-winded",
"pleonastic",
"prolix",
"rambling",
"verbose",
"windy",
"wordy"
]
}
},
"circumscribing":{
"to set bounds or an upper limit for":{
"examples":[
"circumscribed his enthusiasm so as not to make the losing side feel worse"
],
"synonyms":[
"capping",
"confining",
"holding down",
"limiting",
"restricting"
],
"near synonyms":[
"barring",
"blocking",
"hampering",
"hindering",
"impeding",
"obstructing",
"constricting",
"contracting",
"lessening",
"narrowing",
"pinching",
"squeezing",
"tightening",
"quelling",
"repressing",
"suppressing",
"numbering",
"modifying",
"qualifying"
],
"near antonyms":[
"broadening",
"expanding",
"widening",
"overextending",
"overreaching"
],
"antonyms":[
"exceeding"
]
},
"to mark the limits of":{
"examples":[
"Lake Michigan circumscribes the city of Chicago on the east"
],
"synonyms":[
"bounding",
"defining",
"delimiting",
"demarcating",
"demarking",
"limiting",
"marking (off)",
"terminating"
],
"near synonyms":[
"controlling",
"determining",
"governing",
"delineating",
"describing"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circumspect":{
"having or showing a close attentiveness to avoiding danger or trouble":{
"examples":[
"she has a reputation for being quiet and circumspect in investigating charges of child abuse"
],
"synonyms":[
"alert",
"careful",
"cautious",
"chary",
"conservative",
"considerate",
"gingerly",
"guarded",
"heedful",
"safe",
"wary"
],
"near synonyms":[
"advertent",
"attentive",
"awake",
"observant",
"regardful",
"vigilant",
"watchful",
"hypercautious",
"foresighted",
"foresightful",
"forethoughtful",
"provident",
"thoughtful",
"cagey",
"cagy",
"calculating",
"canny",
"shrewd",
"deliberate",
"slow",
"ultracareful",
"ultracautious"
],
"near antonyms":[
"bold",
"brash",
"impetuous",
"rash",
"reckless",
"venturesome",
"asleep",
"inattentive",
"regardless",
"inconsiderate",
"thoughtless",
"lax",
"neglectful",
"negligent",
"remiss",
"imprudent",
"indiscreet",
"injudicious",
"absentminded",
"forgetful",
"inadvertent",
"unintentional",
"unplanned"
],
"antonyms":[
"careless",
"heedless",
"incautious",
"unguarded",
"unmindful",
"unsafe",
"unwary"
]
},
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"circumspection":{
"a close attentiveness to avoiding danger":{
"antonyms":[
"brashness",
"carelessness",
"heedlessness",
"incaution",
"incautiousness",
"recklessness",
"unwariness"
],
"examples":[
"circumspection is always good when considering charging someone with cheating"
],
"near antonyms":[
"abruptness",
"hastiness",
"impetuousness",
"precipitousness",
"rashness",
"suddenness",
"inconsiderateness",
"inconsideration",
"thoughtlessness"
],
"related":[
"attentiveness",
"observance",
"vigilance",
"watchfulness",
"foresight",
"foresightedness",
"providence",
"calculation",
"canniness",
"deliberateness",
"deliberation",
"shrewdness"
],
"synonyms":[
"alertness",
"care",
"carefulness",
"caution",
"cautiousness",
"chariness",
"gingerliness",
"guardedness",
"heedfulness",
"prudence",
"wariness"
]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumventing":{
"to avoid by going around":{
"antonyms":[],
"examples":[
"circumvented the traffic jam by taking an alternate route"
],
"near antonyms":[
"confronting",
"facing",
"meeting",
"accepting",
"courting",
"embracing",
"pursuing",
"seeking",
"welcoming"
],
"related":[
"leapfrogging",
"avoiding",
"dodging",
"ducking",
"eluding",
"escaping",
"eschewing",
"evading",
"fleeing",
"shaking",
"shunning"
],
"synonyms":[
"bypassing",
"circumnavigating",
"detouring",
"skirting"
]
},
"to avoid having to comply with (something) especially through cleverness":{
"antonyms":[
"complying (with)",
"following",
"keeping",
"obeying",
"observing"
],
"examples":[
"employees who try to circumvent the company's dress code"
],
"near antonyms":[
"acceding (to)",
"acquiescing (to)",
"assenting (to)",
"accepting",
"courting",
"embracing",
"pursuing",
"seeking",
"welcoming",
"catching",
"contracting",
"incurring"
],
"related":[
"avoiding",
"ducking",
"eluding",
"end-running",
"escaping",
"eschewing",
"evading",
"outflanking",
"shaking",
"shirking",
"shunning",
"disobeying",
"disregarding",
"flouting",
"ignoring",
"averting",
"deflecting",
"diverting",
"obviating",
"parrying",
"preventing",
"warding (off)"
],
"synonyms":[
"beating",
"bypassing",
"dodging",
"getting around",
"shortcutting",
"sidestepping",
"skirting"
]
},
"to travel completely around":{
"antonyms":[],
"examples":[
"most casual joggers will be able to circumvent the reservoir without too much of a strain"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"related":[
"circumambulating",
"crossing",
"perambulating",
"traversing"
],
"synonyms":[
"circling",
"circuiting",
"circumnavigating",
"compassing",
"encircling",
"girdling",
"orbiting",
"ringing",
"rounding"
]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"citations":{
"a formal expression of praise":{
"antonyms":[],
"examples":[
"the citation for the Nobel Prize winner noted his major contributions to quantum theory"
],
"near antonyms":[
"censures",
"condemnations",
"denunciations",
"indictments",
"rebukes",
"reprimands",
"reproofs",
"admonitions",
"corrections",
"harangues",
"lectures",
"sermons"
],
"related":[
"awards",
"decorations",
"dedications",
"honors",
"prizes",
"acclaim",
"acclamations",
"laudations",
"applauses",
"plaudits",
"bravos",
"bravoes",
"hallelujahs",
"kudos",
"approvals",
"cachets",
"compliments",
"recommendations"
],
"synonyms":[
"accolades",
"commendations",
"dithyrambs",
"encomiums",
"encomia",
"eulogia",
"eulogiums",
"eulogies",
"homages",
"hymns",
"paeans",
"panegyrics",
"salutations",
"tributes"
]
},
"a formal recognition of an achievement or praiseworthy deed":{
"antonyms":[],
"examples":[
"a police officer who has received several citations for his work with troubled youths in the city"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"related":[
"decorations",
"medals",
"ribbons",
"accolades",
"awards",
"honors",
"kudos",
"prizes",
"tributes",
"dedications"
],
"synonyms":[
"acknowledgments",
"acknowledgements",
"commendations",
"mentions"
]
},
"a passage referred to, repeated, or offered as an example":{
"antonyms":[],
"examples":[
"in your paper be sure to include citations to back up any points you make about the play"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"related":[
"allusions",
"references",
"excerpts",
"extracts",
"lines",
"parts",
"sections",
"snippets"
],
"synonyms":[
"quotations",
"quotes"
]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"citizen":{
"a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it":{
"examples":[
"conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right"
],
"synonyms":[
"freeman",
"national",
"subject"
],
"near synonyms":[
"compatriot",
"countryman",
"inhabitant",
"native",
"nonimmigrant",
"resident"
],
"near antonyms":[
"foreigner",
"stranger",
"immigrant",
"nonnative"
],
"antonyms":[
"alien",
"noncitizen"
]
},
"a person who lives in a town on a permanent basis":{
"examples":[
"claimed that the good citizens of the town were sick of high property taxes"
],
"synonyms":[
"burgher",
"townie",
"towny",
"townsman",
"villager"
],
"near synonyms":[
"townswoman",
"cliff dweller",
"denizen",
"dweller",
"habitant",
"inhabitant",
"national",
"native",
"occupant",
"resident",
"resider",
"subject",
"town",
"townsfolk",
"townspeople",
"suburbanite",
"urbanite"
],
"near antonyms":[
"alien",
"foreigner",
"guest",
"nonnative",
"tourist",
"transient",
"visitor",
"gownsman"
],
"antonyms":[
"noncitizen"
]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civies":{
"as in mufti":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"mufti",
"tatters",
"couture",
"pr\u00eat-\u00e0-porter",
"pret-a-porter",
"ready-to-wear",
"tailoring",
"foofaraw",
"frippery",
"gaudery",
"tawdry",
"trumpery",
"activewear",
"loungewear",
"outerwear",
"playwear",
"sportswear",
"array",
"bravery",
"caparison",
"finery",
"gaiety",
"gayety",
"glad rags",
"pretties",
"regalia",
"trim",
"nightclothes",
"sleepwear",
"smallclothes",
"underclothes",
"underwear",
"garderobe",
"wardrobe",
"haberdashery",
"menswear",
"apparel",
"attire",
"clobber",
"clothing",
"costumery",
"dress",
"duds",
"garments",
"gear",
"habiliment(s)",
"habit",
"rags",
"raiment",
"rig",
"rigging",
"threads",
"toggery",
"togs",
"vestiary",
"vestments",
"vesture",
"wear",
"wearables",
"weeds"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"plural noun"
]
},
"civil":{
"of or relating to a nation":{
"antonyms":[
"nonnational"
],
"examples":[
"the country was not destroyed by outside enemies but by a series of civil wars"
],
"near antonyms":[
"global",
"international",
"alien",
"external",
"foreign"
],
"related":[
"civic",
"federal",
"municipal",
"government",
"governmental",
"domestic",
"internal",
"intestine",
"democratic",
"republican",
"nationwide"
],
"synonyms":[
"national",
"public"
]
},
"showing consideration, courtesy, and good manners":{
"antonyms":[
"discourteous",
"ill-bred",
"ill-mannered",
"impolite",
"inconsiderate",
"mannerless",
"rude",
"thoughtless",
"uncivil",
"ungenteel",
"ungracious",
"unmannered",
"unmannerly"
],
"examples":[
"please try to be civil to your ex-husband at the upcoming family wedding"
],
"near antonyms":[
"heedless",
"inconsiderate",
"thoughtless",
"audacious",
"bold",
"bold-faced",
"brash",
"brassy",
"disrespectful",
"impertinent",
"impudent",
"insolent",
"lippy",
"saucy",
"shameless",
"boorish",
"churlish",
"clodhopping",
"clownish",
"loutish",
"uncouth",
"vulgar",
"casual",
"informal",
"unceremonious",
"improper",
"inappropriate",
"incorrect",
"indecent",
"indecorous",
"uncalled-for",
"unrespectable",
"unseemly",
"arrogant",
"conceited",
"presuming",
"presumptuous",
"pretentious"
],
"related":[
"attentive",
"careful",
"considerate",
"nice",
"solicitous",
"thoughtful",
"chivalrous",
"civilized",
"courtly",
"gallant",
"gentlemanlike",
"gentlemanly",
"ladylike",
"ceremonial",
"ceremonious",
"red-carpet",
"couth",
"formal",
"smooth",
"suave",
"unctuous",
"urbane",
"elegant",
"refined",
"deferential",
"dutiful",
"respectful",
"submissive",
"yielding",
"acceptable",
"appropriate",
"becoming",
"befitting",
"comme il faut",
"correct",
"decent",
"decorous",
"fit",
"fitting",
"good",
"meet",
"proper",
"respectable",
"right",
"seemly",
"suitable",
"affable",
"cordial",
"friendly",
"genial",
"hospitable",
"pleasant",
"sociable",
"felicitous",
"graceful",
"demure",
"humble",
"meek",
"modest",
"unassertive"
],
"synonyms":[
"courteous",
"genteel",
"gracious",
"mannerly",
"polite",
"well-bred"
]
},
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"civility":{
"an act or utterance that is a customary show of good manners":{
"examples":[
"after the usual civilities , the parents and the principal had a serious talk about the boy"
],
"synonyms":[
"amenity",
"attention",
"courtesy",
"formality",
"gesture",
"pleasantry",
"politeness"
],
"near synonyms":[
"honors",
"ceremony",
"observance",
"rite",
"ritual",
"decorum",
"etiquette",
"form",
"manners",
"mores",
"proprieties",
"addresses",
"devoirs",
"greetings",
"regards",
"respects",
"favor",
"grace",
"kindliness",
"kindness",
"protocol",
"rules"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"speech or behavior that is a sign of good breeding":{
"examples":[
"treated people from all walks of life with the same unfailing civility"
],
"synonyms":[
"courteousness",
"courtesy",
"genteelness",
"gentility",
"graciousness",
"mannerliness",
"politeness"
],
"near synonyms":[
"attentiveness",
"consideration",
"thoughtfulness",
"ceremonialness",
"ceremoniousness",
"ceremony",
"formality",
"chivalrousness",
"chivalry",
"courtliness",
"gallantry",
"gentlemanliness",
"knighthood",
"knightliness",
"breeding",
"manners",
"suaveness",
"unctuousness",
"urbanity",
"elegance",
"refinement",
"deference",
"respect",
"decency",
"decorousness",
"decorum",
"gentilesse",
"polish",
"politesse",
"propriety",
"respectability",
"seemliness",
"affability",
"cordiality",
"friendliness",
"geniality",
"hospitality",
"sociability",
"felicitousness",
"gracefulness",
"humility",
"meekness",
"modesty",
"shyness"
],
"near antonyms":[
"audaciousness",
"audacity",
"boldness",
"brashness",
"brassiness",
"disrespect",
"impertinence",
"impudence",
"insolence",
"sauciness",
"shamelessness",
"boorishness",
"churlishness",
"clownishness",
"loutishness",
"vulgarity",
"casualness",
"informality",
"delinquency",
"improperness",
"impropriety",
"inappropriateness",
"incorrectness",
"indecency",
"inconsiderateness",
"inconsideration",
"thoughtlessness",
"arrogance",
"conceit",
"presumption",
"pretentiousness"
],
"antonyms":[
"discourteousness",
"discourtesy",
"impoliteness",
"incivility",
"rudeness",
"surliness",
"ungraciousness"
]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circa":{
"not far from (something) in time":{
"examples":[
"He was born circa 1600."
],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"alongside",
"beside",
"about",
"around",
"by",
"near",
"next to",
"nigh",
"across",
"along",
"at",
"toward",
"towards"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"preposition"
]
},
"citadel":{
"a structure or place from which one can resist attack":{
"examples":[
"a massive stone citadel continues to command the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia"
],
"synonyms":[
"bastion",
"castle",
"fastness",
"fort",
"fortification",
"fortress",
"hold",
"redoubt",
"stronghold"
],
"related":[
"battlement",
"breastwork",
"bulwark",
"earthwork",
"embattlement",
"parapet",
"rampart",
"bunker",
"dugout",
"blockhouse",
"garrison house",
"alcazar",
"casbah",
"kasbah"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"city-states":{
"a state that has its own government and consists of a city and the area around it":{
"examples":[
"the city-states of ancient Greece"
],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"microstates",
"ministates",
"nation-states",
"commonwealths",
"countries",
"lands",
"nations",
"sovereignties",
"sovranties",
"domains",
"dominions",
"empires",
"kingdoms",
"realms",
"republics",
"duchies",
"dukedoms",
"emirates",
"principalities",
"seigniories",
"seignories",
"sultanates",
"democracies",
"dictatorships",
"monarchies",
"monocracies",
"oligarchies",
"sovereigns",
"sovrans",
"theocracies",
"client states",
"colonies",
"condominiums",
"condominia",
"dependencies",
"mandates",
"provinces",
"settlements",
"soil",
"trust territories",
"fatherlands",
"homelands",
"motherlands",
"great powers",
"powers",
"sea powers",
"superpowers",
"world powers",
"welfare states"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circularized":{
"as in solicited , canvassed":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"canvassed",
"canvased",
"interviewed",
"polled",
"solicited",
"surveyed",
"interrogated",
"questioned",
"felt (out)",
"sounded (out)"
],
"near antonyms":[
"reported"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circuit judges":{
"as in chief justices , justices of the peace":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"chief justices",
"justices of the peace",
"squires",
"adjudicators",
"beaks",
"benches",
"courts",
"judges",
"jurists",
"justices",
"magistrates",
"auditors",
"masters",
"jurisconsults",
"jurisprudents"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumstance":{
"a state or end that seemingly has been decided beforehand":{
"examples":[
"the condemned murderer seemed indifferent to his circumstance"
],
"synonyms":[
"destiny",
"doom",
"fate",
"fortune",
"kismet",
"lot",
"portion"
],
"near synonyms":[
"accident",
"casualty",
"chance",
"hap",
"happenchance",
"happenstance",
"hazard",
"luck",
"predestination",
"aftereffect",
"aftermath",
"conclusion",
"consequence",
"development",
"effect",
"fruit",
"issue",
"outcome",
"outgrowth",
"result",
"resultant",
"sequel",
"sequence",
"upshot"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"something that happens":{
"examples":[
"due to unexpected circumstances , the test will be postponed"
],
"synonyms":[
"affair",
"episode",
"event",
"hap",
"happening",
"incident",
"occasion",
"occurrence",
"thing"
],
"near synonyms":[
"coincidence",
"co-occurrence",
"fluke",
"freak",
"landmark",
"milepost",
"milestone",
"page",
"phenomenon",
"turning point",
"adventure",
"experience",
"time",
"happenchance",
"happenstance",
"accident",
"crisis",
"emergency",
"juncture",
"achievement",
"deed",
"exploit",
"feat",
"news",
"tidings"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"the uncertain course of events":{
"examples":[
"I was a victim of circumstance , for nothing that I could have done would have made a difference"
],
"synonyms":[
"accident",
"casualty",
"chance",
"hap",
"hazard",
"luck"
],
"near synonyms":[
"fortuitousness",
"fortuity",
"haphazardry",
"randomness",
"uncertainty",
"fluke",
"happenchance",
"happenstance",
"destiny",
"doom",
"fate",
"fortune",
"lot",
"danger",
"peril",
"risk"
],
"near antonyms":[
"intent",
"intention",
"purpose",
"design",
"outline",
"plan",
"scheme"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"citation":{
"a formal expression of praise":{
"examples":[
"the citation for the Nobel Prize winner noted his major contributions to quantum theory"
],
"synonyms":[
"accolade",
"commendation",
"dithyramb",
"encomium",
"eulogium",
"eulogy",
"homage",
"hymn",
"paean",
"panegyric",
"salutation",
"tribute"
],
"near synonyms":[
"award",
"decoration",
"dedication",
"honor",
"prize",
"acclaim",
"acclamation",
"laudation",
"applause",
"plaudit(s)",
"bravo",
"hallelujah",
"kudo",
"approval",
"cachet",
"compliment",
"recommendation"
],
"near antonyms":[
"censure",
"condemnation",
"denunciation",
"indictment",
"rebuke",
"reprimand",
"reproof",
"admonition",
"correction",
"harangue",
"lecture",
"sermon"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a formal recognition of an achievement or praiseworthy deed":{
"examples":[
"a police officer who has received several citations for his work with troubled youths in the city"
],
"synonyms":[
"acknowledgment",
"acknowledgement",
"commendation",
"mention"
],
"near synonyms":[
"decoration",
"medal",
"ribbon",
"accolade",
"award",
"honor",
"kudo",
"prize",
"tribute",
"dedication"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a passage referred to, repeated, or offered as an example":{
"examples":[
"in your paper be sure to include citations to back up any points you make about the play"
],
"synonyms":[
"quotation",
"quote"
],
"near synonyms":[
"allusion",
"reference",
"excerpt",
"extract",
"line",
"part",
"section",
"snippet"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumambulated":{
"as in crossed , traversed":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"crossed",
"perambulated",
"traversed",
"circled",
"circuited",
"circumnavigated",
"circumvented",
"compassed",
"encircled",
"girdled",
"orbited",
"ringed",
"rounded"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circumvents":{
"to avoid having to comply with (something) especially through cleverness":{
"examples":[
"employees who try to circumvent the company's dress code"
],
"synonyms":[
"beats",
"bypasses",
"dodges",
"gets around",
"shortcuts",
"sidesteps",
"skirts"
],
"near synonyms":[
"avoids",
"ducks",
"eludes",
"end-runs",
"escapes",
"eschews",
"evades",
"outflanks",
"shakes",
"shirks",
"shuns",
"disobeys",
"disregards",
"flouts",
"ignores",
"averts",
"deflects",
"diverts",
"obviates",
"parries",
"prevents",
"wards (off)"
],
"near antonyms":[
"accedes (to)",
"acquiesces (to)",
"assents (to)",
"accepts",
"courts",
"embraces",
"pursues",
"seeks",
"welcomes",
"catches",
"contracts",
"incurs"
],
"antonyms":[
"complies (with)",
"follows",
"keeps",
"obeys",
"observes"
]
},
"to avoid by going around":{
"examples":[
"circumvented the traffic jam by taking an alternate route"
],
"synonyms":[
"bypasses",
"circumnavigates",
"detours",
"skirts"
],
"near synonyms":[
"leapfrogs",
"avoids",
"dodges",
"ducks",
"eludes",
"escapes",
"eschews",
"evades",
"flees",
"shakes",
"shuns"
],
"near antonyms":[
"confronts",
"faces",
"meets",
"accepts",
"courts",
"embraces",
"pursues",
"seeks",
"welcomes"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to travel completely around":{
"examples":[
"most casual joggers will be able to circumvent the reservoir without too much of a strain"
],
"synonyms":[
"circles",
"circuits",
"circumnavigates",
"compasses",
"encircles",
"girdles",
"orbits",
"rings",
"rounds"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumambulates",
"crosses",
"perambulates",
"traverses"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circuitousness":{
"as in circularity , digressiveness":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"circularity",
"digressiveness",
"circumlocution",
"diffuseness",
"diffusion",
"garrulity",
"garrulousness",
"logorrhea",
"long-windedness",
"periphrasis",
"prolixity",
"redundancy",
"verbalism",
"verbiage",
"verboseness",
"verbosity",
"windiness",
"wordage",
"wordiness",
"pleonasm",
"tautology",
"reiteration",
"repetition",
"repetitiousness",
"repetitiveness",
"embellishment",
"embroidering",
"exaggeration",
"hyperbole",
"overstatement"
],
"near antonyms":[
"brevity",
"briefness",
"compactness",
"conciseness",
"concision",
"crispness",
"pithiness",
"succinctness",
"terseness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"as in indirectness , circuity":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"circuity",
"indirectness",
"impenetrability",
"incomprehensibility",
"incomprehensibleness",
"deepness",
"depth",
"profoundness",
"cloudiness",
"dimness",
"faintness",
"fogginess",
"fuzziness",
"haziness",
"indefiniteness",
"indistinctness",
"mistiness",
"shade",
"shadow",
"uncertainty",
"vagueness",
"abstruseness",
"abstrusity",
"complexity",
"complication",
"difficulty",
"obtuseness",
"mystery",
"reconditeness",
"ambiguity",
"ambiguousness",
"darkness",
"equivocalness",
"equivocation",
"inscrutability",
"inscrutableness",
"murkiness",
"mysteriousness",
"nebulosity",
"nebulousness",
"obliqueness",
"obliquity",
"obscurity",
"opacity",
"opaqueness"
],
"near antonyms":[
"clarity",
"clearness",
"obviousness",
"plainness",
"comprehensibility",
"intelligibility",
"legibility",
"brightness",
"distinctness",
"self-evidence",
"certainty",
"surety",
"definiteness",
"exactness",
"explicitness",
"incision",
"incisiveness",
"lucidity",
"lucidness",
"perspicuity",
"perspicuousness",
"directness",
"forthrightness",
"openness",
"straightforwardness",
"palpability",
"tangibility",
"tangibleness",
"visibility",
"readability",
"readableness",
"obviousness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circuses":{
"a large usually roofless building for sporting events with tiers of seats for spectators":{
"examples":[
"the Roman circus is believed to have held 50,000 spectators in ancient times"
],
"synonyms":[
"bowls",
"coliseums",
"colosseums",
"stadiums",
"stadia"
],
"near synonyms":[
"ballparks",
"parks",
"gymnasiums",
"gymnasia",
"gyms",
"spas",
"arenas",
"domes",
"hippodromes"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a place of uproar or confusion":{
"examples":[
"with seven kids in the house, it's a circus most of the time"
],
"synonyms":[
"babels",
"bedlams",
"madhouses",
"scrums",
"three-ring circuses"
],
"near synonyms":[
"bustles",
"commotions",
"pandemoniums",
"rackets",
"ruckuses",
"tumults",
"turmoils",
"brouhahas",
"clamors",
"clatters",
"dins",
"hubbubs",
"noises",
"chaoses",
"confusions",
"disarrangements",
"disarrays",
"disorders",
"havoc",
"hells",
"messes",
"musses",
"shambles"
],
"near antonyms":[
"arcadias",
"heavens",
"paradises",
"utopias",
"orders",
"organizations",
"calms",
"lulls",
"peaces",
"respites",
"hushes",
"quiets",
"silences"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"an elaborate, visually exciting show or event":{
"examples":[
"the media circus that took place outside the courthouse every day of the murder trial"
],
"synonyms":[
"extravaganzas",
"pageants",
"raree-shows",
"spectacles",
"spectaculars"
],
"near synonyms":[
"displays",
"exhibitions",
"exhibits",
"expositions"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumscriptions":{
"something that limits one's freedom of action or choice":{
"examples":[
"such circumscriptions on the freedom of speech are antithetical to a free and open society"
],
"synonyms":[
"checks",
"conditions",
"constraints",
"curbs",
"fetters",
"limitations",
"restraints",
"restrictions",
"strictures"
],
"near synonyms":[
"exceptions",
"provisos",
"provisoes",
"qualifications",
"reservations",
"stipulations",
"strings",
"bans",
"prohibitions",
"proscriptions"
],
"near antonyms":[
"freedoms",
"latitudes"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"the act or practice of keeping something (as an activity) within certain boundaries":{
"examples":[
"electronic monitoring bracelets are sometimes used to impose a circumscription of movement on people awaiting trial"
],
"synonyms":[
"confinements",
"limitations",
"reins",
"restrictions",
"stints"
],
"near synonyms":[
"constraints",
"restraints",
"containments",
"isolations",
"segregations"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumstantiated":{
"as in backed (up) , corroborated":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"backed (up)",
"buttressed",
"corroborated",
"demonstrated",
"documented",
"established",
"proved",
"substantiated",
"validated",
"evidenced",
"evinced",
"recorded",
"supported",
"upheld",
"witnessed",
"adduced",
"attested",
"authenticated",
"certified",
"identified",
"confirmed",
"sustained",
"verified",
"vouched",
"clinched",
"nailed",
"settled",
"confessed",
"deposed",
"testified"
],
"near antonyms":[
"disproved",
"rebutted",
"refuted",
"challenged",
"disputed",
"objected",
"alleged",
"assumed",
"conjectured",
"guessed",
"presumed",
"surmised",
"suspected"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"cisterns":{
"as in tubs , vats":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"tubs",
"vats",
"scuttlebutt",
"cans",
"drums",
"barrels",
"butts",
"casks",
"firkins",
"hogsheads",
"kegs",
"kilderkins",
"pipes",
"puncheons",
"rundlets",
"runlets",
"tuns"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cinctures":{
"a strip of flexible material (as leather) worn around the waist":{
"examples":[
"wrapped a cincture around the dress as a stylish accessory"
],
"synonyms":[
"belts",
"ceintures",
"cummerbunds",
"cumberbunds",
"girdles",
"sashes",
"self-belts"
],
"near synonyms":[
"bands",
"waistbands",
"circles",
"loops",
"ribbons",
"rings",
"baldrics",
"bandoliers",
"bandoleers",
"Sam Browne belts",
"cesti",
"obis"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cites":{
"to give as an example":{
"examples":[
"cited several experts' opinions to back up her argument"
],
"synonyms":[
"adduces",
"instances",
"mentions",
"quotes"
],
"near synonyms":[
"exemplifies",
"represents",
"adverts (to)",
"illustrates",
"names",
"refers (to)",
"specifies",
"touches (on or upon)",
"bears out",
"corroborates",
"documents",
"substantiates",
"validates",
"references",
"sources"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make reference to or speak about briefly but specifically":{
"examples":[
"cited a number of similar instances of people surviving plane crashes"
],
"synonyms":[
"adverts (to)",
"drops",
"instances",
"mentions",
"names",
"notes",
"notices",
"quotes",
"refers (to)",
"specifies",
"touches (on or upon)"
],
"near synonyms":[
"alludes (to)",
"hints (at)",
"implies",
"indicates",
"infers",
"intends",
"intimates",
"suggests",
"points (out)",
"signals",
"signifies",
"denominates",
"designates",
"indicates",
"brings up",
"broaches",
"interjects",
"interpolates",
"interposes",
"introduces",
"infiltrates",
"insinuates",
"worms",
"advertises",
"announces",
"broadcasts",
"declares",
"proclaims",
"pronounces",
"publicizes",
"publishes",
"sounds",
"clarifies",
"clears (up)",
"elucidates",
"explains",
"explicates",
"spells out"
],
"near antonyms":[
"disregards",
"forgets",
"ignores",
"neglects",
"overlooks",
"overpasses",
"passes over",
"slights"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circumfusing":{
"to surround or cover closely":{
"examples":[
"circumfused in darkness, the isolated house seemed the perfect spot for a clandestine meeting"
],
"synonyms":[
"bosoming",
"bowering",
"cocooning",
"embosoming",
"embowering",
"embracing",
"enclosing",
"inclosing",
"encompassing",
"enfolding",
"enshrouding",
"enswathing",
"enveloping",
"enwrapping",
"investing",
"involving",
"lapping",
"mantling",
"muffling",
"shrouding",
"swathing",
"veiling",
"wrapping"
],
"near synonyms":[
"curtaining",
"draping",
"embedding",
"imbedding",
"encasing",
"swaddling",
"blanketing",
"overlaying",
"overspreading",
"camouflaging",
"cloaking",
"disguising",
"masking",
"circling",
"encircling",
"enlacing",
"enwinding"
],
"near antonyms":[
"baring",
"denuding",
"exposing",
"stripping"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"civil war":{
"a a state or period of fighting between groups of people in the same country":{
"examples":[
"a region that has had many civil wars"
],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"cold war",
"holy war",
"limited war",
"police action",
"world war",
"conflagration",
"conflict",
"hostilities",
"hot war",
"war",
"action",
"battle",
"engagement",
"skirmish",
"combat",
"fighting",
"warfare"
],
"near antonyms":[
"peace",
"calm",
"peacefulness",
"tranquillity",
"tranquility",
"demilitarization",
"demobilization",
"disarmament",
"pacification",
"cease-fire",
"truce"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civilians":{
"as in noncombatants":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"noncombatants"
],
"near antonyms":[
"armed forces",
"color",
"military",
"service",
"troops",
"GIs",
"GI's",
"men-at-arms",
"rank and file",
"servicemen",
"servicewomen",
"soldiers",
"soldiery",
"force"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cinched":{
"to make sure, certain, or safe":{
"examples":[
"the team's latest victory cinches a trip to the play-offs"
],
"synonyms":[
"assured",
"ensured",
"guaranteed",
"guarantied",
"iced",
"insured",
"secured"
],
"near synonyms":[
"attested",
"certified",
"vouched",
"warranted",
"witnessed",
"pledged",
"promised",
"swore"
],
"near antonyms":[
"enfeebled",
"undermined",
"weakened"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circumnavigates":{
"to travel completely around":{
"examples":[
"the first ship to circumnavigate the globe"
],
"synonyms":[
"circles",
"circuits",
"circumvents",
"compasses",
"encircles",
"girdles",
"orbits",
"rings",
"rounds"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumambulates",
"crosses",
"perambulates",
"traverses"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to avoid by going around":{
"examples":[
"we can circumnavigate the traffic jam if we take the next exit"
],
"synonyms":[
"bypasses",
"circumvents",
"detours",
"skirts"
],
"near synonyms":[
"leapfrogs",
"avoids",
"dodges",
"ducks",
"eludes",
"escapes",
"eschews",
"evades",
"flees",
"shakes",
"shuns"
],
"near antonyms":[
"confronts",
"faces",
"meets",
"accepts",
"courts",
"embraces",
"pursues",
"seeks",
"welcomes"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"citable":{
"worth remembering or mentioning":{
"examples":[
"she has a lot of annoying little habits but none are really citable"
],
"synonyms":[
"memorable",
"mentionable",
"nameable",
"namable",
"notable",
"noteworthy",
"observable",
"remarkable"
],
"near synonyms":[
"quotable",
"repeatable",
"indelible",
"unforgettable",
"newsworthy"
],
"near antonyms":[
"average",
"ordinary",
"prosaic",
"routine",
"run-of-the-mill",
"standard",
"unexceptional"
],
"antonyms":[
"forgettable",
"unmemorable",
"unremarkable"
]
},
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"circumferences":{
"the distance around a round body":{
"examples":[
"the circumference of the earth at the equator"
],
"synonyms":[
"girths"
],
"near synonyms":[
"ambits",
"circuits",
"compasses",
"waistlines",
"equators",
"diameters",
"radii",
"radiuses",
"perimeters",
"peripheries"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"the line or relatively narrow space that marks the outer limit of something":{
"examples":[
"a silly little affair that's of interest to no one beyond the circumference of this campus"
],
"synonyms":[
"borderlines",
"borders",
"boundaries",
"bounds",
"brims",
"compasses",
"confines",
"edges",
"edgings",
"ends",
"frames",
"fringes",
"hems",
"margins",
"perimeters",
"peripheries",
"rims",
"skirtings",
"skirts",
"verges"
],
"near synonyms":[
"ambits",
"brinks",
"crests",
"curbs",
"cusps",
"lips",
"ceilings",
"maxima",
"maximums",
"demarcations",
"extents",
"limitations",
"measures",
"meres",
"restrictions",
"terminations",
"borderlands",
"frontiers",
"marches",
"outskirts",
"pales",
"selvages",
"laps",
"shores"
],
"near antonyms":[
"centers",
"cores",
"hearts",
"inners",
"insides",
"interiors",
"middles",
"withins"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civvies":{
"as in mufti":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"mufti",
"tatters",
"couture",
"pr\u00eat-\u00e0-porter",
"pret-a-porter",
"ready-to-wear",
"tailoring",
"foofaraw",
"frippery",
"gaudery",
"tawdry",
"trumpery",
"activewear",
"loungewear",
"outerwear",
"playwear",
"sportswear",
"array",
"bravery",
"caparison",
"finery",
"gaiety",
"gayety",
"glad rags",
"pretties",
"regalia",
"trim",
"nightclothes",
"sleepwear",
"smallclothes",
"underclothes",
"underwear",
"garderobe",
"wardrobe",
"haberdashery",
"menswear",
"apparel",
"attire",
"clobber",
"clothing",
"costumery",
"dress",
"duds",
"garments",
"gear",
"habiliment(s)",
"habit",
"rags",
"raiment",
"rig",
"rigging",
"threads",
"toggery",
"togs",
"vestiary",
"vestments",
"vesture",
"wear",
"wearables",
"weeds"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"plural noun"
]
},
"circumfuses":{
"to surround or cover closely":{
"examples":[
"circumfused in darkness, the isolated house seemed the perfect spot for a clandestine meeting"
],
"synonyms":[
"bosoms",
"bowers",
"cocoons",
"embosoms",
"embowers",
"embraces",
"encloses",
"incloses",
"encompasses",
"enfolds",
"enshrouds",
"enswathes",
"envelops",
"enwraps",
"invests",
"involves",
"laps",
"mantles",
"muffles",
"shrouds",
"swathes",
"veils",
"wraps"
],
"near synonyms":[
"curtains",
"drapes",
"embeds",
"imbeds",
"encases",
"swaddles",
"blankets",
"overlays",
"overspreads",
"camouflages",
"cloaks",
"disguises",
"masks",
"circles",
"encircles",
"enlaces",
"enwinds"
],
"near antonyms":[
"bares",
"denudes",
"exposes",
"strips"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circle":{
"something with a perfectly round circumference":{
"examples":[
"a circle of columns surrounds the memorial to the fallen heroes"
],
"synonyms":[
"cirque",
"ring",
"round",
"roundel"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circlet",
"ringlet",
"ellipse",
"loop",
"oval",
"ball",
"globe",
"orb",
"sphere"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a circular strip":{
"examples":[
"a decorative circle of silver on the rim of the commemorative plate for their 25th wedding anniversary"
],
"synonyms":[
"band",
"eye",
"hoop",
"loop",
"ring",
"round"
],
"near synonyms":[
"belt",
"cincture",
"collar",
"girdle",
"wreath",
"annulet",
"becket",
"coil",
"curl",
"furl",
"hank",
"spiral",
"spire",
"twirl",
"whorl"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a group of people sharing a common interest and relating together socially":{
"examples":[
"got together with her social circle once a week"
],
"synonyms":[
"body",
"bunch",
"clan",
"clique",
"community",
"coterie",
"coven",
"crowd",
"fold",
"gal\u00e8re",
"gang",
"klatch",
"klatsch",
"lot",
"network",
"pack",
"ring",
"set"
],
"near synonyms":[
"charmed circle",
"elite",
"in-group",
"closed shop",
"club",
"college",
"fellowship",
"guild",
"gild",
"league",
"organization",
"society",
"camp",
"faction",
"sect",
"side",
"tribe",
"mess",
"squad",
"brotherhood",
"fraternity",
"order",
"sisterhood",
"sodality",
"sorority",
"commune",
"alliance",
"bloc",
"coalition",
"confederation",
"congress",
"council",
"federation",
"union"
],
"near antonyms":[
"loner",
"individualist"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a series of events or actions that repeat themselves regularly and in the same order":{
"examples":[
"with the birth of a child coming so soon after the death of a grandparent, we were once again reminded of the circle of life"
],
"synonyms":[
"cycle",
"merry-go-round",
"round",
"wheel",
"zodiac"
],
"near synonyms":[
"pattern",
"syndrome",
"course",
"development",
"progression",
"run",
"beat",
"circuit",
"loop",
"ring",
"revolution",
"rotation",
"turn",
"turnover",
"chain",
"sequence",
"series",
"string",
"succession",
"train"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a region of activity, knowledge, or influence":{
"examples":[
"that lies outside the circle of our investigation"
],
"synonyms":[
"area",
"arena",
"bailiwick",
"barony",
"business",
"demesne",
"department",
"discipline",
"domain",
"element",
"fief",
"fiefdom",
"field",
"firmament",
"front",
"game",
"kingdom",
"line",
"precinct",
"province",
"realm",
"specialty",
"sphere",
"terrain",
"walk"
],
"near synonyms":[
"frontier",
"study",
"subject",
"territory",
"turf",
"occupation",
"profession",
"pursuit",
"racket",
"vocation",
"ambit",
"amplitude",
"breadth",
"compass",
"confine",
"dimension(s)",
"extent",
"ken",
"reach",
"scope",
"sweep",
"width",
"subfield",
"subspecialty"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to form a circle around":{
"examples":[
"everyone circled the lectern and waited their turn to read from the Bible"
],
"synonyms":[
"compass",
"embrace",
"encircle",
"enclose",
"inclose",
"encompass",
"environ",
"gird",
"girdle",
"ring",
"surround",
"wreathe"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumscribe",
"close in",
"cordon (off)",
"fence (in)",
"hem (in)",
"wall",
"beset",
"besiege",
"entrench",
"intrench",
"invest",
"swarm"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to travel completely around":{
"examples":[
"with a look of extreme frustration, the commander circled the new recruit"
],
"synonyms":[
"circuit",
"circumnavigate",
"circumvent",
"compass",
"encircle",
"girdle",
"orbit",
"ring",
"round"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumambulate",
"cross",
"perambulate",
"traverse"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"cinching":{
"to make sure, certain, or safe":{
"examples":[
"the team's latest victory cinches a trip to the play-offs"
],
"synonyms":[
"assuring",
"ensuring",
"guaranteeing",
"guarantying",
"icing",
"insuring",
"securing"
],
"near synonyms":[
"attesting",
"certifying",
"vouching",
"warranting",
"witnessing",
"pledging",
"promising",
"swearing"
],
"near antonyms":[
"enfeebling",
"undermining",
"weakening"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circumjacent":{
"as in surrounding , encircling":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"bounding",
"embracing",
"encircling",
"enclosing",
"inclosing",
"fencing",
"rimming",
"surrounding",
"attached",
"communicating",
"connected",
"connecting",
"interconnecting",
"joined",
"linked",
"united",
"marginal",
"peripheral",
"tangent",
"tangential",
"approximate",
"close",
"closest",
"immediate",
"near",
"nearby",
"nearest",
"next-door",
"nigh",
"ambient",
"encompassing",
"abutting",
"adjacent",
"adjoining",
"bordering",
"conterminous",
"contiguous",
"flanking",
"flush",
"fringing",
"joining",
"juxtaposed",
"neighboring",
"skirting",
"touching",
"verging"
],
"near antonyms":[
"nonadjacent",
"noncontiguous",
"apart",
"detached",
"disconnected",
"discrete",
"free-standing",
"isolate",
"isolated",
"removed",
"separate",
"single",
"unattached",
"unconnected",
"unlinked",
"away",
"distant",
"far",
"faraway",
"far-off",
"farthest",
"remote",
"discontinuous",
"noncontinuous",
"broken up",
"disjoined",
"dissevered",
"dissociated",
"disunited",
"divided",
"divorced",
"parted",
"ramified",
"resolved",
"severed",
"split",
"sundered",
"uncoupled",
"unyoked"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"circuits":{
"as in compasses , ambits":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"ambits",
"compasses",
"circumferences",
"girths",
"waistlines",
"equators",
"diameters",
"radii",
"radiuses",
"perimeters",
"peripheries"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"as in loops , circles":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"circles",
"loops",
"orbits",
"courses",
"lines",
"paths",
"pathways",
"routes",
"routeways",
"steps",
"tracks",
"ways",
"arcs",
"flight paths",
"trajectories",
"ascents",
"descents"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"as in tours":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"tours",
"journeys",
"travels",
"voyages",
"expeditions",
"odysseys",
"safaris",
"excursions",
"jaunts",
"junkets",
"outings",
"rambles",
"sallies",
"sashays",
"sorties",
"spins",
"detours",
"hikes",
"peregrinations",
"treks",
"walks",
"pilgrimages"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"as in conferences":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"conferences",
"affiliations",
"cooperatives",
"partnerships",
"associations",
"groups",
"organizations",
"factions",
"fronts",
"fusions",
"sides",
"wings",
"cartels",
"syndicates",
"trusts",
"cabals",
"conspiracies",
"juntos",
"alliances",
"axes",
"blocks",
"blocs",
"coalitions",
"combinations",
"combines",
"confederacies",
"confederations",
"federations",
"leagues",
"unions"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to travel completely around":{
"examples":[
"after circuiting the exterior of the church, the procession headed inside"
],
"synonyms":[
"circles",
"circumnavigates",
"circumvents",
"compasses",
"encircles",
"girdles",
"orbits",
"rings",
"rounds"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumambulates",
"crosses",
"perambulates",
"traverses"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"circumvention":{
"as in bypassing , sidestepping":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"bypassing",
"runaround",
"sidestepping",
"skirting",
"avoidance",
"cop-out",
"dodging",
"ducking",
"eluding",
"elusion",
"escape",
"eschewal",
"eschewing",
"evasion",
"out",
"shaking",
"shunning",
"averting",
"deflection",
"obviation",
"precluding",
"prevention"
],
"near antonyms":[
"abidance",
"endurance",
"submission",
"toleration"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumfluous":{
"as in circumfluent":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"circumfluent",
"flowing",
"fluent",
"fluid",
"liquid",
"diluted",
"thin",
"watery",
"weak",
"semiliquid",
"semisolid"
],
"near antonyms":[
"hard",
"nonliquid",
"solid",
"clotted",
"coagulated",
"gelatinous",
"gelled",
"jelled",
"jellied",
"thick",
"gluey",
"glutinous",
"gooey",
"gummy",
"viscous"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"circularizing":{
"as in soliciting , canvassing":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"canvassing",
"canvasing",
"interviewing",
"polling",
"soliciting",
"surveying",
"interrogating",
"questioning",
"feeling (out)",
"sounding (out)"
],
"near antonyms":[
"reporting"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"cipher":{
"the numerical symbol 0 or the absence of number or quantity represented by it":{
"examples":[
"remember to put the cipher after the decimal point"
],
"synonyms":[
"aught",
"goose egg",
"naught",
"nought",
"nil",
"nothing",
"o",
"oh",
"zero",
"zilch",
"zip"
],
"near synonyms":[
"blank",
"void"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a person of no importance or influence":{
"examples":[
"it was either write the Great American Novel or be consigned to the status of a cipher in the annals of literature"
],
"synonyms":[
"dwarf",
"half-pint",
"insect",
"insignificancy",
"lightweight",
"morsel",
"nobody",
"nonentity",
"nothing",
"nullity",
"number",
"pip-squeak",
"pygmy",
"pigmy",
"shrimp",
"snippersnapper",
"twerp",
"whippersnapper",
"zero",
"zilch"
],
"near synonyms":[
"no-name",
"noncelebrity",
"least",
"inferior",
"mediocrity",
"obscurity",
"figurehead",
"puppet"
],
"near antonyms":[
"chief",
"head",
"lead",
"leader",
"celebrity",
"luminary",
"notable",
"personality",
"planet",
"star",
"superstar",
"authority",
"superior",
"great power",
"party",
"power"
],
"antonyms":[
"big shot",
"big wheel",
"bigwig",
"eminence",
"figure",
"kahuna",
"kingpin",
"magnate",
"nabob",
"personage",
"somebody",
"VIP"
]
},
"to determine (a value) by doing the necessary mathematical operations":{
"examples":[
"were surprised by how much we had spent on the cruise after we had ciphered out the grand total"
],
"synonyms":[
"calculate",
"compute",
"figure",
"reckon",
"work out"
],
"near synonyms":[
"add up",
"average",
"sum",
"tally",
"total",
"totalize",
"add",
"divide",
"multiply",
"subtract",
"allow (for)",
"deduct",
"factor (in or into or out)",
"figure in",
"figure out",
"solve (for)",
"count",
"itemize",
"number",
"calibrate",
"gauge",
"gage",
"measure",
"scale",
"appraise",
"assess",
"estimate",
"evaluate",
"rate",
"value",
"recalculate",
"recompute",
"refigure"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"cities":{
"a thickly settled, highly populated area":{
"examples":[
"commuters who drive every day between their homes in the suburbs and their jobs in the city"
],
"synonyms":[
"asphalt jungles",
"burgs",
"cosmopolises",
"megacities",
"megalopolises",
"metropolises",
"municipalities",
"towns"
],
"near synonyms":[
"boroughs",
"conurbations",
"urban sprawls",
"exurbs",
"suburbias",
"suburbs",
"central cities",
"edge cities",
"garden cities",
"core cities",
"downtowns",
"inner cities",
"midtowns"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civil unions":{
"as in domestic partnerships":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"domestic partnerships",
"cohabitations",
"common-law marriages",
"attachments",
"commitments",
"relationships",
"intermarriages",
"miscegenations",
"mixed marriages",
"remarriages",
"betrothals",
"engagements",
"espousals",
"hands",
"pledges",
"promises",
"proposals",
"troths",
"bigamies",
"polyandries",
"polygamies",
"polygynies",
"monogamies",
"conjugalities",
"connubialities",
"marriages",
"matches",
"matrimonies",
"wedlocks"
],
"near antonyms":[
"annulments",
"divorces",
"separations"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"citified":{
"as in urbanized":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"urbanized",
"urban",
"metro",
"metropolitan",
"municipal",
"nonagricultural",
"nonfarm"
],
"near antonyms":[
"bucolic",
"country",
"pastoral",
"rural",
"rustic",
"rustical",
"backwoods",
"backwoodsy",
"countrified",
"countryfied",
"provincial",
"agrarian",
"agricultural"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to accustom to the ways of the city":{
"examples":[
"we've become so citified that many people have no idea where their food comes from"
],
"synonyms":[
"urbanized"
],
"near synonyms":[
"civilized",
"cultivated"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adjective",
"verb"
]
},
"circumlocutions":{
"deliberate evasion in speech":{
"examples":[
"rather than answering the question directly, he resorted to circumlocution , which made her suspect that he was hiding something"
],
"synonyms":[
"equivocation",
"shuffle",
"tergiversation"
],
"near synonyms":[
"quibbling",
"ambiguity",
"ambiguousness",
"equivocalness",
"murkiness",
"nebulousness",
"obscureness",
"obscurity",
"opacity"
],
"near antonyms":[
"candor",
"directness",
"forthrightness",
"frankness",
"openheartedness",
"openness",
"plainness",
"plumpness",
"straightforwardness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"the use of too many words to express an idea":{
"examples":[
"your papers have to be five pages long, but that's five pages of substance, not circumlocution"
],
"synonyms":[
"diffuseness",
"diffusion",
"garrulity",
"garrulousness",
"logorrhea",
"long-windedness",
"periphrasis",
"prolixity",
"redundancy",
"verbalism",
"verbiage",
"verboseness",
"verbosity",
"windiness",
"wordage",
"wordiness"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circuitousness",
"circularity",
"digressiveness",
"pleonasm",
"tautology",
"reiteration",
"repetition",
"repetitiousness",
"repetitiveness",
"embellishment",
"embroidering",
"exaggeration",
"hyperbole",
"overstatement"
],
"near antonyms":[
"brevity",
"briefness",
"compactness",
"conciseness",
"concision",
"crispness",
"pithiness",
"succinctness",
"terseness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"city-state":{
"a state that has its own government and consists of a city and the area around it":{
"examples":[
"the city-states of ancient Greece"
],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"microstate",
"ministate",
"nation-state",
"commonwealth",
"country",
"land",
"nation",
"sovereignty",
"sovranty",
"domain",
"dominion",
"empire",
"kingdom",
"realm",
"republic",
"duchy",
"dukedom",
"emirate",
"principality",
"seigniory",
"seignory",
"sultanate",
"democracy",
"dictatorship",
"monarchy",
"monocracy",
"oligarchy",
"sovereign",
"sovran",
"theocracy",
"client state",
"colony",
"condominium",
"dependency",
"mandate",
"province",
"settlement",
"soil",
"trust territory",
"fatherland",
"homeland",
"motherland",
"great power",
"power",
"sea power",
"superpower",
"world power",
"welfare state"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cinematheques":{
"as in art houses , art theaters":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"art houses",
"art theaters",
"megaplexes",
"multiplexes",
"plexes",
"'plexes",
"fleapits",
"grind houses",
"nickelodeons",
"drive-ins",
"cinemas",
"playhouses",
"theaters",
"theatres"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civilly":{
"as in respectfully , politely":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"courteously",
"politely",
"respectfully",
"suppliantly",
"bashfully",
"diffidently",
"self-deprecatingly",
"shyly",
"timorously",
"fearfully",
"mousily",
"timidly",
"obsequiously",
"servilely",
"subserviently",
"abjectly",
"deferentially",
"hat in hand",
"humbly",
"lowly",
"meanly",
"meekly",
"modestly",
"sheepishly",
"submissively"
],
"near antonyms":[
"arrogantly",
"audaciously",
"boldly",
"brashly",
"brazenly",
"contemptuously",
"haughtily",
"huffily",
"imperiously",
"loftily",
"pompously",
"presumptuously",
"pretentiously",
"pridefully",
"proudly",
"scornfully",
"self-importantly",
"superciliously",
"swaggeringly",
"uppishly",
"fearlessly",
"discourteously",
"disdainfully",
"disrespectfully",
"impertinently",
"rashly",
"recklessly",
"saucily",
"bitchily",
"impolitely",
"impudently",
"rudely",
"uncivilly",
"ungraciously"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adverb"
]
},
"circumference":{
"the distance around a round body":{
"examples":[
"the circumference of the earth at the equator"
],
"synonyms":[
"girth"
],
"near synonyms":[
"ambit",
"circuit",
"compass",
"waistline",
"equator",
"diameter",
"radius",
"perimeter",
"periphery"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"the line or relatively narrow space that marks the outer limit of something":{
"examples":[
"a silly little affair that's of interest to no one beyond the circumference of this campus"
],
"synonyms":[
"border",
"borderline",
"bound",
"boundary",
"brim",
"compass",
"confines",
"edge",
"edging",
"end",
"frame",
"fringe",
"hem",
"margin",
"perimeter",
"periphery",
"rim",
"skirt",
"skirting",
"verge"
],
"near synonyms":[
"ambit",
"brink",
"crest",
"curb",
"cusp",
"lip",
"ceiling",
"maximum",
"demarcation",
"extent",
"limitation",
"measure",
"mere",
"restriction",
"termination",
"borderland",
"frontier",
"march",
"outskirts",
"pale",
"selvage",
"lap",
"shore"
],
"near antonyms":[
"center",
"core",
"heart",
"inner",
"inside",
"interior",
"middle",
"within"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circus":{
"a large usually roofless building for sporting events with tiers of seats for spectators":{
"examples":[
"the Roman circus is believed to have held 50,000 spectators in ancient times"
],
"synonyms":[
"bowl",
"coliseum",
"colosseum",
"stadium"
],
"near synonyms":[
"ballpark",
"park",
"gym",
"gymnasium",
"spa",
"arena",
"dome",
"hippodrome"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a place of uproar or confusion":{
"examples":[
"with seven kids in the house, it's a circus most of the time"
],
"synonyms":[
"babel",
"bedlam",
"madhouse",
"scrum",
"three-ring circus"
],
"near synonyms":[
"bustle",
"commotion",
"pandemonium",
"racket",
"ruckus",
"tumult",
"turmoil",
"brouhaha",
"clamor",
"clatter",
"din",
"hubbub",
"noise",
"chaos",
"confusion",
"disarrangement",
"disarray",
"disorder",
"havoc",
"hell",
"mess",
"muss",
"shambles"
],
"near antonyms":[
"arcadia",
"heaven",
"paradise",
"utopia",
"order",
"orderliness",
"organization",
"calm",
"lull",
"peace",
"respite",
"hush",
"quiet",
"silence",
"stillness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"an elaborate, visually exciting show or event":{
"examples":[
"the media circus that took place outside the courthouse every day of the murder trial"
],
"synonyms":[
"extravaganza",
"pageant",
"raree-show",
"spectacle",
"spectacular"
],
"near synonyms":[
"display",
"exhibit",
"exhibition",
"exposition"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumstantial":{
"including many small descriptive features":{
"examples":[
"the circumstantial account of his surgery told us more than we really wanted to know about the stomach"
],
"synonyms":[
"blow-by-blow",
"detailed",
"elaborate",
"full",
"minute",
"particular",
"particularized",
"thorough"
],
"near synonyms":[
"enumerated",
"inventoried",
"itemized",
"listed",
"numerated",
"delineated",
"specific",
"specified",
"abundant",
"copious",
"comprehensive",
"encyclopedic",
"exhausting",
"exhaustive",
"inclusionary",
"inclusive",
"in-depth",
"omnibus",
"panoramic",
"thoroughgoing",
"accurate",
"correct",
"exact",
"precise",
"complete",
"entire",
"replete",
"distinct",
"explicit",
"sharp",
"mapped (out)",
"descriptive",
"graphic",
"graphical",
"picturesque",
"vivid"
],
"near antonyms":[
"brief",
"compact",
"concise",
"crisp",
"pithy",
"short",
"succinct",
"terse",
"abbreviated",
"abridged",
"curtailed",
"cut",
"pruned",
"shortened",
"trimmed",
"ambiguous",
"indeterminate",
"nebulous",
"nondescript",
"sketchy",
"vague",
"bird's-eye",
"broad",
"general",
"nonspecific",
"overall",
"unspecified"
],
"antonyms":[
"compendious",
"summary"
]
},
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"circuitously":{
"as in deviously , veeringly":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"deviously",
"veeringly",
"indirectly"
],
"near antonyms":[
"dead",
"direct",
"directly",
"due",
"plumb",
"plump",
"right",
"straight",
"straightway",
"as the crow flies"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adverb"
]
},
"circulates":{
"to cause to be known over a considerable area or by many people":{
"examples":[
"circulate the plans for the new stadium around town to get people's reaction"
],
"synonyms":[
"broadcasts",
"disseminates",
"propagates",
"spreads"
],
"near synonyms":[
"radiates",
"sprawls",
"diffuses",
"dispenses",
"disperses",
"dissipates",
"scatters",
"sows",
"communicates",
"conveys",
"imparts",
"passes (on)",
"transmits"
],
"near antonyms":[
"cloaks",
"conceals",
"enshrouds",
"hides",
"holds (in)",
"masks",
"obscures",
"secretes",
"shrouds",
"veils",
"contains",
"limits",
"restricts"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make (as a piece of information) the subject of common talk without any authority or confirmation of accuracy":{
"examples":[
"circulated a rumor that someone was about to be fired"
],
"synonyms":[
"bruits (about)",
"noises (about or abroad)",
"rumors",
"whispers"
],
"near synonyms":[
"bandies (about)",
"blabs",
"dishes",
"gossips",
"tattles",
"bares",
"discloses",
"divulges",
"exposes",
"lets on (about)",
"reports",
"reveals",
"spills",
"tells",
"hints",
"implies",
"insinuates",
"intimates",
"suggests",
"blazes",
"broadcasts",
"proclaims",
"promulgates",
"propagates",
"publicizes",
"spreads"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to become known":{
"examples":[
"the prince denies the story about an extramarital affair that's been circulating in the tabloids"
],
"synonyms":[
"breaks",
"comes out",
"gets about",
"gets around",
"gets out",
"gets round",
"leaks (out)",
"outs",
"spreads"
],
"near synonyms":[
"develops",
"transpires",
"unfolds",
"discloses",
"reveals",
"spills",
"tells"
],
"near antonyms":[
"hushes (up)",
"suppresses",
"conceals",
"disguises",
"hides",
"masks",
"secretes"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"cirque":{
"something with a perfectly round circumference":{
"examples":[
"the harvest moon was a glowing cirque in autumn sky"
],
"synonyms":[
"circle",
"ring",
"round",
"roundel"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circlet",
"ringlet",
"ellipse",
"loop",
"oval",
"ball",
"globe",
"orb",
"sphere"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circularity":{
"as in circuitousness , digressiveness":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"circuitousness",
"digressiveness",
"circumlocution",
"diffuseness",
"diffusion",
"garrulity",
"garrulousness",
"logorrhea",
"long-windedness",
"periphrasis",
"prolixity",
"redundancy",
"verbalism",
"verbiage",
"verboseness",
"verbosity",
"windiness",
"wordage",
"wordiness",
"pleonasm",
"tautology",
"reiteration",
"repetition",
"repetitiousness",
"repetitiveness",
"embellishment",
"embroidering",
"exaggeration",
"hyperbole",
"overstatement"
],
"near antonyms":[
"brevity",
"briefness",
"compactness",
"conciseness",
"concision",
"crispness",
"pithiness",
"succinctness",
"terseness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civilities":{
"an act or utterance that is a customary show of good manners":{
"examples":[
"after the usual civilities , the parents and the principal had a serious talk about the boy"
],
"synonyms":[
"amenities",
"attentions",
"courtesies",
"formalities",
"gestures",
"pleasantries"
],
"near synonyms":[
"honors",
"ceremonies",
"observances",
"rites",
"rituals",
"decorums",
"etiquettes",
"forms",
"manners",
"mores",
"proprieties",
"addresses",
"devoirs",
"greetings",
"regards",
"respects",
"favors",
"graces",
"protocols",
"rules"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cirques":{
"something with a perfectly round circumference":{
"examples":[
"the harvest moon was a glowing cirque in autumn sky"
],
"synonyms":[
"circles",
"rings",
"roundels",
"rounds"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circlets",
"ringlets",
"ellipses",
"loops",
"ovals",
"balls",
"globes",
"orbs",
"spheres"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civilizing":{
"as in cultivating":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"cultivating",
"citifying",
"urbanizing"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"civic":{
"relating to a city, town, or country or to the people who live there":{
"examples":[
"Serving on a jury is our civic duty.",
"A meeting of civic leaders that intends to promote economic cooperation in the region."
],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"federal",
"municipal",
"civil",
"national",
"public",
"communal",
"local",
"regional",
"metro",
"metropolitan",
"urban",
"government",
"governmental"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"civil union":{
"as in domestic partnership":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"domestic partnership",
"cohabitation",
"common-law marriage",
"attachment",
"commitment",
"relationship",
"intermarriage",
"miscegenation",
"mixed marriage",
"remarriage",
"betrothal",
"engagement",
"espousal",
"hand",
"pledge",
"promise",
"proposal",
"troth",
"bigamy",
"polyandry",
"polygamy",
"polygyny",
"monogamy",
"conjugality",
"connubiality",
"marriage",
"match",
"matrimony",
"wedlock"
],
"near antonyms":[
"annulment",
"divorce",
"separation"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"ciceroni":{
"as in advisers , counselors":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"advisers",
"advisors",
"counselors",
"counsellors",
"guides",
"mentors",
"drillers",
"drillmasters",
"instructors",
"teachers",
"tutors",
"handlers",
"managers",
"coaches",
"trainers"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumstantiate":{
"as in back (up) , corroborate":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"back (up)",
"buttress",
"corroborate",
"demonstrate",
"document",
"establish",
"prove",
"substantiate",
"validate",
"evidence",
"evince",
"record",
"support",
"uphold",
"witness",
"adduce",
"attest",
"authenticate",
"certify",
"identify",
"confirm",
"sustain",
"verify",
"vouch",
"clinch",
"nail",
"settle",
"confess",
"depose",
"testify"
],
"near antonyms":[
"disprove",
"rebut",
"refute",
"challenge",
"dispute",
"object",
"allege",
"assume",
"conjecture",
"guess",
"presume",
"surmise",
"suspect"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"ciphered":{
"to determine (a value) by doing the necessary mathematical operations":{
"examples":[
"were surprised by how much we had spent on the cruise after we had ciphered out the grand total"
],
"synonyms":[
"calculated",
"computed",
"figured",
"reckoned",
"worked out"
],
"near synonyms":[
"added up",
"averaged",
"summed",
"tallied",
"totaled",
"totalled",
"totalized",
"added",
"divided",
"multiplied",
"subtracted",
"allowed (for)",
"deducted",
"factored (in or into or out)",
"figured in",
"figured out",
"solved (for)",
"counted",
"itemized",
"numbered",
"calibrated",
"gauged",
"gaged",
"measured",
"scaled",
"appraised",
"assessed",
"estimated",
"evaluated",
"rated",
"valued",
"recalculated",
"recomputed",
"refigured"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circulators":{
"a person who habitually reveals personal or sensational facts about others":{
"examples":[
"an ugly rumor about one of our staffers was circulating, and, as usual, the chief circulator was the in-house busybody"
],
"synonyms":[
"gossipers",
"gossipmongers",
"gossips",
"newsmongers",
"quidnuncs",
"talebearers",
"tale-tellers",
"telltales",
"yentas"
],
"near synonyms":[
"betrayers",
"blabbermouths",
"informants",
"informers",
"snitchers",
"squealers",
"stool pigeons",
"tattlers",
"tattletales",
"libelers",
"scandalmongers"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cite":{
"to give as an example":{
"examples":[
"cited several experts' opinions to back up her argument"
],
"synonyms":[
"adduce",
"instance",
"mention",
"quote"
],
"near synonyms":[
"exemplify",
"represent",
"advert (to)",
"illustrate",
"name",
"refer (to)",
"specify",
"touch (on or upon)",
"bear out",
"corroborate",
"document",
"substantiate",
"validate",
"reference",
"source"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make reference to or speak about briefly but specifically":{
"examples":[
"cited a number of similar instances of people surviving plane crashes"
],
"synonyms":[
"advert (to)",
"drop",
"instance",
"mention",
"name",
"note",
"notice",
"quote",
"refer (to)",
"specify",
"touch (on or upon)"
],
"near synonyms":[
"allude (to)",
"hint (at)",
"imply",
"indicate",
"infer",
"intend",
"intimate",
"suggest",
"point (out)",
"signal",
"signify",
"denominate",
"designate",
"indicate",
"bring up",
"broach",
"interject",
"interpolate",
"interpose",
"introduce",
"infiltrate",
"insinuate",
"worm",
"advertise",
"announce",
"broadcast",
"declare",
"proclaim",
"pronounce",
"publicize",
"publish",
"sound",
"clarify",
"clear (up)",
"elucidate",
"explain",
"explicate",
"spell out"
],
"near antonyms":[
"disregard",
"forget",
"ignore",
"neglect",
"overlook",
"overpass",
"pass over",
"slight"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"citing":{
"to give as an example":{
"examples":[
"cited several experts' opinions to back up her argument"
],
"synonyms":[
"adducing",
"instancing",
"mentioning",
"quoting"
],
"near synonyms":[
"exemplifying",
"representing",
"adverting (to)",
"illustrating",
"naming",
"referring (to)",
"specifying",
"touching (on or upon)",
"bearing out",
"corroborating",
"documenting",
"substantiating",
"validating",
"referencing",
"sourcing"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make reference to or speak about briefly but specifically":{
"examples":[
"cited a number of similar instances of people surviving plane crashes"
],
"synonyms":[
"adverting (to)",
"dropping",
"instancing",
"mentioning",
"naming",
"noticing",
"noting",
"quoting",
"referring (to)",
"specifying",
"touching (on or upon)"
],
"near synonyms":[
"alluding (to)",
"hinting (at)",
"implying",
"indicating",
"inferring",
"intending",
"intimating",
"suggesting",
"pointing (out)",
"signaling",
"signalling",
"signifying",
"denominating",
"designating",
"indicating",
"bringing up",
"broaching",
"interjecting",
"interpolating",
"interposing",
"introducing",
"infiltrating",
"insinuating",
"worming",
"advertising",
"announcing",
"broadcasting",
"declaring",
"proclaiming",
"pronouncing",
"publicizing",
"publishing",
"sounding",
"clarifying",
"clearing (up)",
"elucidating",
"explaining",
"explicating",
"spelling out"
],
"near antonyms":[
"disregarding",
"forgetting",
"ignoring",
"neglecting",
"overlooking",
"overpassing",
"passing over",
"slighting"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"civilizes":{
"as in cultivates":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"cultivates",
"citifies",
"urbanizes"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circumstances":{
"a state or end that seemingly has been decided beforehand":{
"examples":[
"the condemned murderer seemed indifferent to his circumstance"
],
"synonyms":[
"destinies",
"dooms",
"fates",
"fortunes",
"kismets",
"lots",
"portions"
],
"near synonyms":[
"accidents",
"casualties",
"chances",
"happenchances",
"happenstances",
"haps",
"hazards",
"luck",
"predestinations",
"aftereffects",
"aftermaths",
"conclusions",
"consequences",
"developments",
"effects",
"fruits",
"issues",
"outcomes",
"outgrowths",
"resultants",
"results",
"sequels",
"sequences",
"upshots"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"something that happens":{
"examples":[
"due to unexpected circumstances , the test will be postponed"
],
"synonyms":[
"affairs",
"episodes",
"events",
"happenings",
"haps",
"incidents",
"occasions",
"occurrences",
"things"
],
"near synonyms":[
"coincidences",
"co-occurrences",
"flukes",
"freaks",
"landmarks",
"mileposts",
"milestones",
"pages",
"phenomena",
"phenomenons",
"turning points",
"adventures",
"experiences",
"times",
"happenchances",
"happenstances",
"accidents",
"crises",
"emergencies",
"junctures",
"achievements",
"deeds",
"exploits",
"feats",
"news",
"tidings"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"the uncertain course of events":{
"examples":[
"I was a victim of circumstance , for nothing that I could have done would have made a difference"
],
"synonyms":[
"accidents",
"casualties",
"chances",
"haps",
"hazards",
"luck"
],
"near synonyms":[
"fortuities",
"haphazardries",
"uncertainties",
"flukes",
"happenchances",
"happenstances",
"destinies",
"dooms",
"fates",
"fortunes",
"lots",
"dangers",
"perils",
"risks"
],
"near antonyms":[
"intentions",
"intents",
"purposes",
"designs",
"outlines",
"plans",
"schemes"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumstantiating":{
"as in backing (up) , corroborating":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"backing (up)",
"buttressing",
"corroborating",
"demonstrating",
"documenting",
"establishing",
"proving",
"substantiating",
"validating",
"evidencing",
"evincing",
"recording",
"supporting",
"upholding",
"witnessing",
"adducing",
"attesting",
"authenticating",
"certifying",
"identifying",
"confirming",
"sustaining",
"verifying",
"vouching",
"clinching",
"nailing",
"settling",
"confessing",
"deposing",
"testifying"
],
"near antonyms":[
"disproving",
"rebutting",
"refuting",
"challenging",
"disputing",
"objecting",
"alleging",
"assuming",
"conjecturing",
"guessing",
"presuming",
"surmising",
"suspecting"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circulated":{
"to cause to be known over a considerable area or by many people":{
"examples":[
"circulate the plans for the new stadium around town to get people's reaction"
],
"synonyms":[
"broadcast",
"broadcasted",
"disseminated",
"propagated",
"spread"
],
"near synonyms":[
"radiated",
"sprawled",
"diffused",
"dispensed",
"dispersed",
"dissipated",
"scattered",
"sowed",
"communicated",
"conveyed",
"imparted",
"passed (on)",
"transmitted"
],
"near antonyms":[
"cloaked",
"concealed",
"enshrouded",
"held (in)",
"hid",
"masked",
"obscured",
"secreted",
"shrouded",
"veiled",
"contained",
"limited",
"restricted"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make (as a piece of information) the subject of common talk without any authority or confirmation of accuracy":{
"examples":[
"circulated a rumor that someone was about to be fired"
],
"synonyms":[
"bruited (about)",
"noised (about or abroad)",
"rumored",
"whispered"
],
"near synonyms":[
"bandied (about)",
"blabbed",
"dished",
"gossiped",
"tattled",
"bared",
"disclosed",
"divulged",
"exposed",
"let on (about)",
"reported",
"revealed",
"spilled",
"spilt",
"told",
"hinted",
"implied",
"insinuated",
"intimated",
"suggested",
"blazed",
"broadcast",
"broadcasted",
"proclaimed",
"promulgated",
"propagated",
"publicized",
"spread"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to become known":{
"examples":[
"the prince denies the story about an extramarital affair that's been circulating in the tabloids"
],
"synonyms":[
"broke",
"came out",
"got about",
"got around",
"got out",
"got round",
"leaked (out)",
"outed",
"spread"
],
"near synonyms":[
"developed",
"transpired",
"unfolded",
"disclosed",
"revealed",
"spilled",
"spilt",
"told"
],
"near antonyms":[
"hushed (up)",
"suppressed",
"concealed",
"disguised",
"hid",
"masked",
"secreted"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circlet":{
"as in ringlet":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"ringlet",
"circle",
"cirque",
"ring",
"round",
"roundel",
"ellipse",
"loop",
"oval",
"ball",
"globe",
"orb",
"sphere"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civil servants":{
"a worker in a government agency":{
"examples":[
"took the examination to become a civil servant in the defense department"
],
"synonyms":[
"bureaucrats",
"functionaries",
"mandarins",
"public servants"
],
"near synonyms":[
"clerks",
"officeholders",
"officials",
"officiaries",
"employees",
"employes",
"hands",
"hirelings",
"jobholders",
"underlings",
"workers"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"citifying":{
"to accustom to the ways of the city":{
"examples":[
"we've become so citified that many people have no idea where their food comes from"
],
"synonyms":[
"urbanizing"
],
"near synonyms":[
"civilizing",
"cultivating"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"civil disobedience":{
"refusal to obey laws as a way of forcing the government to do or change something":{
"examples":[
"In an act of civil disobedience , the family sent its tax money to an antiwar organization.",
"A student organization is encouraging civil disobedience as a way to get the university to change its policies."
],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"noncooperation",
"balkiness",
"contrariness",
"contumacy",
"defiance",
"disobedience",
"frowardness",
"insubordination",
"intractability",
"obstreperousness",
"rebellion",
"rebelliousness",
"recalcitrance",
"refractoriness",
"unruliness",
"waywardness",
"willfulness",
"doggedness",
"hardheadedness",
"mulishness",
"obduracy",
"obdurateness",
"obstinacy",
"obstinateness",
"peevishness",
"pertinaciousness",
"pertinacity",
"perversity",
"self-will",
"stubbornness",
"tenaciousness",
"tenacity"
],
"near antonyms":[
"agreeability",
"amenability",
"amiability",
"slavishness",
"submissiveness",
"subservience",
"subserviency",
"trainability",
"deference",
"docility",
"dutifulness",
"compliance",
"obedience",
"submission",
"subordinateness",
"subordination",
"tractability",
"tractableness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumambulating":{
"as in crossing , traversing":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"crossing",
"perambulating",
"traversing",
"circling",
"circuiting",
"circumnavigating",
"circumventing",
"compassing",
"encircling",
"girdling",
"orbiting",
"ringing",
"rounding"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"citizens":{
"a person who owes allegiance to a government and is protected by it":{
"examples":[
"conscientious citizens who regard voting as a duty as well as a right"
],
"synonyms":[
"freemen",
"nationals",
"subjects"
],
"near synonyms":[
"compatriots",
"countrymen",
"inhabitants",
"natives",
"nonimmigrants",
"residents"
],
"near antonyms":[
"foreigners",
"strangers",
"immigrants",
"nonnatives"
],
"antonyms":[
"aliens",
"noncitizens"
]
},
"a person who lives in a town on a permanent basis":{
"examples":[
"claimed that the good citizens of the town were sick of high property taxes"
],
"synonyms":[
"burghers",
"townies",
"townsmen",
"villagers"
],
"near synonyms":[
"townswomen",
"cliff dwellers",
"denizens",
"dwellers",
"habitants",
"inhabitants",
"nationals",
"natives",
"occupants",
"residents",
"residers",
"subjects",
"towns",
"townsfolk",
"townspeople",
"suburbanites",
"urbanites"
],
"near antonyms":[
"aliens",
"foreigners",
"guests",
"nonnatives",
"tourists",
"transients",
"visitors",
"gownsmen"
],
"antonyms":[
"noncitizens"
]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cinematographer":{
"as in photographer , photog":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"lensman",
"photog",
"photographer",
"shooter",
"shutterbug",
"paparazzo"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"civilized":{
"having or showing a taste for the fine arts and gracious living":{
"examples":[
"a civilized older couple who are celebrated for holding dinner parties that are attended by the city's best and brightest"
],
"synonyms":[
"accomplished",
"couth",
"cultivated",
"cultured",
"genteel",
"polished",
"refined"
],
"near synonyms":[
"cerebral",
"highbrow",
"highbrowed",
"high-toned",
"intellectual",
"intellectualist",
"intellectualistic",
"bourgeois",
"educated",
"erudite",
"knowledgeable",
"learned",
"literate",
"scholarly",
"well-read",
"civil",
"courteous",
"mannerly",
"polite",
"well-bred",
"cosmopolitan",
"sophisticated",
"urbane",
"hypercivilized",
"overcivilized",
"oversophisticated"
],
"near antonyms":[
"ignorant",
"illiterate",
"uneducated",
"unlettered",
"lowbrow",
"unintelligent",
"coarse",
"ill-bred",
"ill-mannered",
"backwoods",
"provincial",
"rustic",
"rustical",
"inelegant",
"polyester",
"unsophisticated",
"boorish",
"churlish",
"cloddish",
"clownish",
"crude",
"uncouth",
"vulgar"
],
"antonyms":[
"barbaric",
"barbarous",
"philistine",
"uncivilized",
"uncultured",
"ungenteel",
"unpolished",
"unrefined"
]
},
"as in cultivated":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"cultivated",
"citified",
"urbanized"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adjective",
"verb"
]
},
"circumambulate":{
"as in cross , traverse":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"cross",
"perambulate",
"traverse",
"circle",
"circuit",
"circumnavigate",
"circumvent",
"compass",
"encircle",
"girdle",
"orbit",
"ring",
"round"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"civilization":{
"the way people live at a particular time and place":{
"examples":[
"a documentary on the advanced civilization created by the Mayas over a thousand years ago"
],
"synonyms":[
"culture",
"life",
"lifestyle",
"society"
],
"near synonyms":[
"customs",
"manners",
"mores",
"values",
"folklore",
"heritage",
"legacy",
"tradition",
"subculture",
"subsociety"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"a high level of taste and enlightenment as a result of extensive intellectual training and exposure to the arts":{
"examples":[
"by the 18th century Boston had reached a level of civilization sufficiently advanced to support a circle of portrait painters"
],
"synonyms":[
"accomplishment",
"couth",
"cultivation",
"culture",
"polish",
"refinement"
],
"near synonyms":[
"education",
"erudition",
"intellectualism",
"intellectuality",
"knowledge",
"learning",
"literacy",
"scholarship",
"cosmopolitanism",
"sophistication",
"urbanity",
"breeding",
"genteelness",
"gentility",
"manners",
"class",
"elegance",
"grace",
"taste",
"civility",
"courteousness",
"courtesy",
"politeness"
],
"near antonyms":[
"ignorance",
"illiteracy",
"parochialism",
"provincialism",
"rusticity",
"unsophistication",
"boorishness",
"churlishness",
"clownishness",
"coarseness",
"crudeness",
"vulgarity"
],
"antonyms":[
"barbarianism",
"barbarism",
"philistinism"
]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"city slickers":{
"a person with the outlook, experience, and manners thought to be typical of big city dwellers":{
"examples":[
"with their snotty attitude, the city slickers quickly wore out their welcome"
],
"synonyms":[
"cosmopolitans",
"cosmopolites",
"metropolitans",
"slickers",
"sophisticates"
],
"near synonyms":[
"urbanites",
"worldlings"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[
"bumpkins",
"hicks",
"provincials",
"rustics",
"yokels"
]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circular":{
"not straightforward or direct":{
"examples":[
"a rather circular discussion of the problem that never addresses it directly"
],
"synonyms":[
"circuitous",
"indirect",
"roundabout"
],
"near synonyms":[
"crooked",
"curvy",
"serpentine",
"sinuous",
"tortuous",
"twisting",
"winding",
"meandering",
"rambling",
"wandering",
"circumlocutory",
"long-winded",
"prolix",
"verbose",
"deceitful",
"deceptive",
"devious",
"dishonest",
"duplicitous",
"insidious",
"misleading",
"sneaky",
"underhand",
"underhanded",
"calculating",
"crafty",
"cunning",
"subtle",
"tricky"
],
"near antonyms":[
"candid",
"forthright",
"frank",
"honest",
"open",
"plain",
"unconcealed",
"undisguised"
],
"antonyms":[
"direct",
"straight",
"straightforward"
]
},
"a short printed publication with no cover or with a paper cover":{
"examples":[
"promptly tosses out those advertising circulars that come in the newspaper"
],
"synonyms":[
"booklet",
"brochure",
"flyer",
"flier",
"folder",
"leaflet",
"pamphlet"
],
"near synonyms":[
"dodger",
"flysheet",
"handbill",
"handout",
"throwaway",
"advertisement",
"catalog",
"catalogue",
"shopper",
"tract",
"paperback",
"paperbound",
"pocket book",
"guidebook",
"handbook",
"how-to",
"instructions",
"manual"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
]
},
"circuity":{
"as in indirectness , circuitousness":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"circuitousness",
"indirectness",
"impenetrability",
"incomprehensibility",
"incomprehensibleness",
"deepness",
"depth",
"profoundness",
"cloudiness",
"dimness",
"faintness",
"fogginess",
"fuzziness",
"haziness",
"indefiniteness",
"indistinctness",
"mistiness",
"shade",
"shadow",
"uncertainty",
"vagueness",
"abstruseness",
"abstrusity",
"complexity",
"complication",
"difficulty",
"obtuseness",
"mystery",
"reconditeness",
"ambiguity",
"ambiguousness",
"darkness",
"equivocalness",
"equivocation",
"inscrutability",
"inscrutableness",
"murkiness",
"mysteriousness",
"nebulosity",
"nebulousness",
"obliqueness",
"obliquity",
"obscurity",
"opacity",
"opaqueness"
],
"near antonyms":[
"clarity",
"clearness",
"obviousness",
"plainness",
"comprehensibility",
"intelligibility",
"legibility",
"brightness",
"distinctness",
"self-evidence",
"certainty",
"surety",
"definiteness",
"exactness",
"explicitness",
"incision",
"incisiveness",
"lucidity",
"lucidness",
"perspicuity",
"perspicuousness",
"directness",
"forthrightness",
"openness",
"straightforwardness",
"palpability",
"tangibility",
"tangibleness",
"visibility",
"readability",
"readableness",
"obviousness"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"citizenry":{
"all the citizens of a place \u2014 usually singular":{
"examples":[
"an educated citizenry",
"the citizenry of Boston"
],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"culture",
"people",
"populace",
"public",
"society",
"community",
"neighborhood",
"city",
"commune",
"hamlet",
"town",
"village",
"denizens",
"dwellers",
"inhabitants",
"residents"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circulars":{
"a short printed publication with no cover or with a paper cover":{
"examples":[
"promptly tosses out those advertising circulars that come in the newspaper"
],
"synonyms":[
"booklets",
"brochures",
"flyers",
"fliers",
"folders",
"leaflets",
"pamphlets"
],
"near synonyms":[
"dodgers",
"flysheets",
"handbills",
"handouts",
"throwaways",
"advertisements",
"catalogs",
"catalogues",
"shoppers",
"tracts",
"paperbacks",
"paperbounds",
"pocket books",
"guidebooks",
"handbooks",
"how-tos",
"instructions",
"manuals"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"Cimmerian":{
"causing or marked by an atmosphere lacking in cheer":{
"examples":[
"a wealthy recluse who lived in Cimmerian isolation in a decaying Victorian mansion"
],
"synonyms":[
"black",
"bleak",
"cheerless",
"chill",
"cloudy",
"cold",
"comfortless",
"dark",
"darkening",
"depressing",
"depressive",
"desolate",
"dire",
"disconsolate",
"dismal",
"drear",
"dreary",
"dreich",
"elegiac",
"elegiacal",
"forlorn",
"funereal",
"gloomy",
"glum",
"godforsaken",
"gray",
"grey",
"lonely",
"lonesome",
"lugubrious",
"miserable",
"morbid",
"morose",
"murky",
"plutonian",
"saturnine",
"sepulchral",
"solemn",
"somber",
"sombre",
"sullen",
"sunless",
"tenebrific",
"tenebrous",
"wretched"
],
"near synonyms":[
"blue",
"dejected",
"depressed",
"despondent",
"down",
"droopy",
"hangdog",
"inconsolable",
"low",
"melancholic",
"melancholy",
"mirthless",
"sad",
"unhappy",
"woebegone",
"woeful",
"dim",
"discomfiting",
"discouraging",
"disheartening",
"dismaying",
"dispiriting",
"distressful",
"distressing",
"upsetting",
"desperate",
"hopeless",
"pessimistic",
"lamentable",
"mournful",
"plaintive",
"sorrowful",
"colorless",
"drab",
"dull",
"dour",
"grim",
"lowering",
"louring",
"lowery",
"loury",
"menacing",
"negative",
"oppressive",
"threatening"
],
"near antonyms":[
"blithe",
"blithesome",
"buoyant",
"gay",
"jocund",
"jolly",
"joyful",
"joyous",
"merry",
"mirthful",
"encouraging",
"hopeful",
"optimistic",
"lighthearted",
"lightsome"
],
"antonyms":[
"bright",
"cheerful",
"cheering",
"cheery",
"comforting",
"cordial",
"festive",
"friendly",
"gay",
"heartwarming",
"sunshiny"
]
},
"type":[
"adjective"
]
},
"cincture":{
"a strip of flexible material (as leather) worn around the waist":{
"examples":[
"wrapped a cincture around the dress as a stylish accessory"
],
"synonyms":[
"belt",
"ceinture",
"cummerbund",
"cumberbund",
"girdle",
"sash",
"self-belt"
],
"near synonyms":[
"band",
"waistband",
"circle",
"loop",
"ribbon",
"ring",
"baldric",
"bandolier",
"bandoleer",
"Sam Browne belt",
"cestus",
"obi"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"citadels":{
"a structure or place from which one can resist attack":{
"examples":[
"a massive stone citadel continues to command the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia"
],
"synonyms":[
"bastions",
"castles",
"fortifications",
"fortresses",
"forts",
"holds",
"redoubts",
"strongholds"
],
"near synonyms":[
"battlements",
"breastworks",
"bulwarks",
"earthworks",
"embattlements",
"parapets",
"ramparts",
"bunkers",
"dugouts",
"blockhouses",
"garrison houses",
"alcazars",
"casbahs",
"kasbahs"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"citifies":{
"to accustom to the ways of the city":{
"examples":[
"we've become so citified that many people have no idea where their food comes from"
],
"synonyms":[
"urbanizes"
],
"near synonyms":[
"civilizes",
"cultivates"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"civil servant":{
"a worker in a government agency":{
"examples":[
"took the examination to become a civil servant in the defense department"
],
"synonyms":[
"bureaucrat",
"functionary",
"mandarin",
"public servant"
],
"near synonyms":[
"clerk",
"officeholder",
"official",
"officiary",
"employee",
"employe",
"hand",
"hireling",
"jobholder",
"underling",
"worker"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"circumnavigating":{
"to travel completely around":{
"examples":[
"the first ship to circumnavigate the globe"
],
"synonyms":[
"circling",
"circuiting",
"circumventing",
"compassing",
"encircling",
"girdling",
"orbiting",
"ringing",
"rounding"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumambulating",
"crossing",
"perambulating",
"traversing"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to avoid by going around":{
"examples":[
"we can circumnavigate the traffic jam if we take the next exit"
],
"synonyms":[
"bypassing",
"circumventing",
"detouring",
"skirting"
],
"near synonyms":[
"leapfrogging",
"avoiding",
"dodging",
"ducking",
"eluding",
"escaping",
"eschewing",
"evading",
"fleeing",
"shaking",
"shunning"
],
"near antonyms":[
"confronting",
"facing",
"meeting",
"accepting",
"courting",
"embracing",
"pursuing",
"seeking",
"welcoming"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"circling":{
"as in swirling , spiraling":{
"examples":[],
"synonyms":[],
"near synonyms":[
"coiled",
"coiling",
"corkscrew",
"looping",
"spiral",
"spiraling",
"spiralling",
"swirling",
"zigzag",
"zigzagging",
"circuitous",
"indirect",
"roundabout",
"bending",
"crazy",
"crooked",
"curled",
"curling",
"curved",
"curving",
"curvy",
"devious",
"serpentine",
"sinuous",
"tortuous",
"twisted",
"twisting",
"winding",
"windy",
"meandering",
"rambling",
"wandering",
"irregular",
"jagged",
"uneven"
],
"near antonyms":[
"straight",
"straightaway",
"direct",
"linear"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to form a circle around":{
"examples":[
"everyone circled the lectern and waited their turn to read from the Bible"
],
"synonyms":[
"compassing",
"embracing",
"encircling",
"enclosing",
"inclosing",
"encompassing",
"environing",
"girding",
"girdling",
"ringing",
"surrounding",
"wreathing"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumscribing",
"closing in",
"cordoning (off)",
"fencing (in)",
"hemming (in)",
"walling",
"besetting",
"besieging",
"entrenching",
"intrenching",
"investing",
"swarming"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to travel completely around":{
"examples":[
"with a look of extreme frustration, the commander circled the new recruit"
],
"synonyms":[
"circuiting",
"circumnavigating",
"circumventing",
"compassing",
"encircling",
"girdling",
"orbiting",
"ringing",
"rounding"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumambulating",
"crossing",
"perambulating",
"traversing"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"adjective",
"verb"
]
},
"civilizations":{
"the way people live at a particular time and place":{
"examples":[
"a documentary on the advanced civilization created by the Mayas over a thousand years ago"
],
"synonyms":[
"cultures",
"lifestyles",
"lives",
"societies"
],
"near synonyms":[
"customs",
"manners",
"mores",
"values",
"folklores",
"heritages",
"legacies",
"traditions",
"subcultures",
"subsocieties",
"sub-societies"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cinches":{
"something that is easy to do":{
"examples":[
"the clear instructions made setting up the audiovisual system a cinch"
],
"synonyms":[
"breezes",
"cakes",
"cakewalks",
"child's play",
"cream puffs",
"duck soup",
"kid stuff",
"picnics",
"pushovers",
"roses",
"snaps"
],
"near synonyms":[
"no-brainers",
"sitting ducks",
"gimmes",
"laughers",
"walkaways"
],
"near antonyms":[
"brainteasers",
"posers",
"stumpers",
"toughies",
"bothers",
"nuisances",
"troubles"
],
"antonyms":[
"bears",
"beasts",
"chores",
"headaches",
"horror shows",
"killers",
"labors",
"murders",
"pains",
"sticky wickets",
"stinkers"
]
},
"one that is certain to succeed":{
"examples":[
"after that hole in one, she's a cinch to make the cut for the next round of the tournament"
],
"synonyms":[
"locks",
"shoo-ins",
"slam dunks",
"sure things"
],
"near synonyms":[
"certainties",
"inevitabilities",
"eventualities",
"foregone conclusions"
],
"near antonyms":[
"dark horses",
"long shots"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to make sure, certain, or safe":{
"examples":[
"the team's latest victory cinches a trip to the play-offs"
],
"synonyms":[
"assures",
"ensures",
"guarantees",
"guaranties",
"ices",
"insures",
"secures"
],
"near synonyms":[
"attests",
"certifies",
"vouches",
"warrants",
"witnesses",
"pledges",
"promises",
"swears"
],
"near antonyms":[
"enfeebles",
"undermines",
"weakens"
],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"circled":{
"to form a circle around":{
"examples":[
"everyone circled the lectern and waited their turn to read from the Bible"
],
"synonyms":[
"compassed",
"embraced",
"encircled",
"enclosed",
"inclosed",
"encompassed",
"environed",
"girded",
"girt",
"girdled",
"ringed",
"surrounded",
"wreathed"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumscribed",
"closed in",
"cordoned (off)",
"fenced (in)",
"hemmed (in)",
"walled",
"beset",
"besieged",
"entrenched",
"intrenched",
"invested",
"swarmed"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"to travel completely around":{
"examples":[
"with a look of extreme frustration, the commander circled the new recruit"
],
"synonyms":[
"circuited",
"circumnavigated",
"circumvented",
"compassed",
"encircled",
"girdled",
"orbited",
"ringed",
"rounded"
],
"near synonyms":[
"circumambulated",
"crossed",
"perambulated",
"traversed"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
},
"citify":{
"to accustom to the ways of the city":{
"examples":[
"we've become so citified that many people have no idea where their food comes from"
],
"synonyms":[
"urbanize"
],
"near synonyms":[
"civilize",
"cultivate"
],
"near antonyms":[],
"antonyms":[]
},
"type":[
"verb"
]
}
}