dict_dl/en_MerriamWebster/chy_MW.json
2022-07-10 04:31:07 +00:00

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{
"chytrid":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": any simple, microscopic, aquatic fungus (phylum Chytridiomycota) that does not typically form mycelium , that bears motile spores with a single posterior flagellum, and that is either saprophytic on decaying organic matter or parasitic especially on algae, higher plants, and the skin of amphibians (as in chytridiomycosis )":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8k\u012b-tr\u0259d",
"\u02c8ki-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"In 1998, a chytrid fungus was found to have caused a lot of the deaths, especially those of frogs, in the rainforests of Central America and Australia. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 20 May 2021",
"In 1998, a chytrid fungus was found to have caused many of the deaths, especially of frogs, in the rain forests of Central America and Australia. \u2014 New York Times , 19 May 2021",
"And the chytrid fungus, which causes sloughing of skin, lethargy, weight loss, and potentially death in frogs and toads, hasn't been linked with population level declines in Wisconsin amphibians. \u2014 Paul A. Smith, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , 31 Mar. 2021",
"And vice versa: species that didn\u2019t appear in the after- chytrid surveys may not have disappeared from the region. \u2014 Theresa Machemer, Smithsonian Magazine , 14 Feb. 2020",
"Hundreds of species of frogs and toads are suffering population declines and extinctions because of the chytrid fungus disease, which is sometimes spread into new areas by humans. \u2014 Ivana Kottasov\u00e1, CNN , 1 June 2020",
"Previous research by Lips and others found that chytrid reduced amphibian abundance by 75 percent in the area, and led to the extirpation of at least 30 species. \u2014 National Geographic , 13 Feb. 2020",
"The raw data alone was enough to suggest that chytrid was indirectly harming the snakes. \u2014 National Geographic , 13 Feb. 2020",
"In labs, the bacteria led to the production of a chemical called violacein that killed the chytrid and boosted toad survival by 40 percent, CU scientists said. \u2014 Bruce Finley, The Denver Post , 13 July 2019"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"probably taken as singular of German Chytriden , variant of Chytridien , plural of Chytridium, a fungus genus, borrowed from New Latin, borrowed from Greek chytr\u00eddion \"small pot, cup\" (alluding to the pot-like sporangium), diminutive of ch\u00fdtra \"earthenware pot,\" from chy- (zero-grade stem of ch\u00e9\u014d, che\u00een \"to pour,\" going back to Indo-European *g\u0301heu\u032f- ) + -tr\u0101, suffix of instruments \u2014 more at found entry 5":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1903, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-175907"
},
"chytra":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a usually earthenware cooking pot of ancient Greece":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8k\u012b\u2027tr\u0259",
"\u02c8ki\u2027-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"borrowed from Greek ch\u00fdtra , from chy- (zero-grade stem of ch\u00e9\u014d, che\u00een \"to pour,\" going back to Indo-European *\u01f5heu\u032f- ) + -tr\u0101 , suffix of instruments":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-201306"
},
"chyle":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": lymph that is milky from emulsified fats, characteristically present in the lacteals, and most apparent during intestinal absorption of fats":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8k\u012b(-\u0259)l",
"\u02c8k\u012b(\u0259)l"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English chilum, chile, borrowed from Medieval Latin chylus, chilus, borrowed from Greek ch\u0233l\u00f3s \"juice, sap, chyle,\" of uncertain origin":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1541, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-224528"
},
"chytridiomycosis":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a disease of amphibians caused by a chytrid fungus ( Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ) that infects the superficial layers of the epidermis resulting in degradation of the skin, disruption of gas exchange with the environment, and eventual death due to cardiac arrest":[
"Frogs and salamanders worldwide are dying in catastrophic numbers, very likely of a fungal disorder called chytridiomycosis , which clogs an amphibian's skin and deranges its blood chemistry.",
"\u2014 Natalie Angier",
"\u2026 the pathophysiology of chytridiomycosis appears to be disruption to the osmoregulatory functioning of the skin and consequent osmotic imbalance that leads to cardiac standstill.",
"\u2014 Jamie Voyles et al."
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"k\u012b-\u02cctri-d\u0113-\u014d-m\u012b-\u02c8k\u014d-s\u0259s",
"k\u0259-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Arizona's frogs and other amphibians are battling a fungal disease called chytridiomycosis , which was first seen in Africa and interferes with the ability of their skin to absorb moisture. \u2014 Amanda Morris, azcentral , 30 Mar. 2020"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"New Latin chytridiomyc- (in Chytridiomycota , phylum name or Chytridiomycetes , class name) + -osis ; Chyrtridiomycota probably from Chytridiomycetes, class name proposed earlier (from Chytridium, genus name + -o- -o- + -mycetes, borrowed from Greek m\u00fdk\u0113tes, plural of m\u00fdk\u0113s \"mushroom, fungus\") + -ota -ota \u2014 more at chytrid , myco-":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1998, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-230105"
},
"chyme":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": the semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8k\u012bm"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English chime, chyme \"body fluid, humor,\" borrowed from Medieval Latin chymus, chimus \"body fluid, partly digested food,\" borrowed from Greek ch\u0233m\u00f3s \"juice of plants, animal or plant fluid, humor,\" of uncertain origin":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1607, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-232048"
},
"chymase":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": rennin":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8k\u012b\u02ccm\u0101s",
"-\u0101z"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chyme + -ase":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-022114"
},
"chylaceous":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"definitions":{
": possessed of the properties of chyle : consisting of chyle":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"(\u02c8)k\u012b\u00a6l\u0101sh\u0259s"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chyl- + -aceous":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-040818"
},
"Chytridiales":{
"type":[
"plural noun"
],
"definitions":{
": an order of simple, aquatic fungi of the phylum Chytridiomycota":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"borrowed from New Latin, from Chytridium , genus name + -ales -ales":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-055041"
},
"chyl-":{
"type":[
"combining form"
],
"definitions":{
": chyle":[
"chyl uria",
"chyli form",
"chylo cyst"
],
": juice":[
"chylo cauly"
]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"French or New Latin, from Greek chyl-, chylo- , from chylos":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-065212"
},
"chyron":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a caption superimposed over usually the lower part of a video image (as during a news broadcast)":[
"I sometimes fantasize about spending the rest of my life studying them. CNN and Fox News would then have me on whenever there was a major hummingbird story. The chyron would identify me as \"Christopher Buckley\u2014Hummingbird Authority.\"",
"\u2014 Christopher Buckley"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8k\u012b-\u02ccr\u00e4n"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"Last time, all those thoughts and more ran like an ongoing chyron through my mind, and that was when my mind and body were relatively healthy. \u2014 Ej Dickson, Rolling Stone , 3 May 2022",
"The chyron depicted in the first picture is from Ukrainian news channel TCH. \u2014 Chiara Vercellone, USA TODAY , 1 Apr. 2022",
"This lovingly sarcastic chyron appears as stand-up legend Richard Pryor, played by Indianapolis native Mike Epps, walks off the screen after inviting a Lakers player to a raunchy post-game party. \u2014 Claire Rafford, The Indianapolis Star , 12 Apr. 2022",
"Ukrainian musician Siuzanna Iglidan joined in, as did singer Mika Newton; a chyron noted that Newton\u2019s sister is serving in the Ukrainian army. \u2014 Washington Post , 4 Apr. 2022",
"The image shared is a composition of two apparent screenshots from a TV broadcast of the men's freeski big air qualification rounds, according to the chyron . \u2014 Chiara Vercellone, USA TODAY , 11 Feb. 2022",
"At the time, a spokesperson for CNN confirmed in an email to the AP that the chyron on The Babylon Bee site was fabricated and didn't match the network's font. \u2014 Arkansas Online , 23 Jan. 2022",
"The phrase in the graphic is similar to a controversial chyron CNN aired in August 2020. \u2014 Devon Link, USA TODAY , 18 Aug. 2021",
"The three words often float across the chyron on Fox News. \u2014 Corbett Smith, Dallas News , 22 May 2021"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"after the Chyron Corporation, American manufacturer in the 1970's of a character-generating device that created such captions":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1990, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-110821"
},
"chylophyllous":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun,"
],
"definitions":{
": having fleshy or succulent leaves":[
"chylophyllous desert plants"
]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chyl- + -phyllous":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-113757"
},
"Chytridiomycota":{
"type":[
"plural noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a phylum of fungi comprising the chytrids":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"k\u0259-",
"k\u012b-\u02cctri-d\u0113-\u014d-m\u012b-\u02c8k\u014d-t\u0259"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"borrowed from New Latin, probably from Chytridiomyc etes, class name proposed earlier (from Chytridium , genus name + -o- -o- + -mycetes -mycetes ) + -ota -ota":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1967, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-125520"
},
"chylomicron":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a lipoprotein rich in triglyceride and common in the blood during fat digestion and assimilation":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02cck\u012b-l\u014d-\u02c8m\u012b-\u02cckr\u00e4n"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chyle + -o- + -micron, in part from micron , in part borrowed from Greek mikr\u00f3n, neuter of mikr\u00f3s \"small\" \u2014 more at micro-":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1921, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-142142"
},
"chymotrypsin":{
"type":[
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a protease that hydrolyzes peptide bonds and is formed in the intestine from chymotrypsinogen":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02cck\u012b-m\u014d-\u02c8trip-s\u0259n"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chyme + -o- + trypsin":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1933, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-162320"
},
"chyloid":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"definitions":{
": chyliform":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8k\u012b\u02ccl\u022fid"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chyl- + -oid":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-171537"
},
"Chytridiaceae":{
"type":[
"plural noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a family of aquatic fungi (order Chytridiales ) having a monocentric thallus":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"k\u012b\u2027\u02cctrid\u0113\u02c8\u0101s\u0113\u02cc\u0113",
"k\u0259\u0307\u2027-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"borrowed from New Latin, from Chytridium , the type genus (borrowed from Greek chytr\u00eddion \"small pot, cup,\" diminutive of ch\u00fdtra \"earthenware pot\" - alluding to the pot-like sporangium) + -aceae -aceae":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-182127"
},
"chymotrypsinogen":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a zymogen that is secreted by the pancreas and is converted by trypsin to chymotrypsin":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02cck\u012b-m\u014d-\u02cctrip-\u02c8si-n\u0259-j\u0259n",
"-\u02cctrip-\u02c8sin-\u0259-j\u0259n"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chymotrypsin + -o- + -gen":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1933, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-185622"
},
"chylifaction":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": chylification":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u00a6k\u012bl\u0259\u00a6faksh\u0259n",
"\u00a6kil-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"by alteration":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-194154"
},
"chytridiaceous":{
"type":[
"adjective"
],
"definitions":{
": of, resembling, or relating to the Chytridiales":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chytridiaceae + -ous":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-222438"
},
"chypre":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a nonalcoholic perfume containing oils and resins":[]
},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"French Chypre Cyprus":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-223157"
},
"chymoplasm":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a portion of a mosaic egg consisting of potential mesenchyme":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8k\u012bm\u0259\u02ccplaz\u0259m"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"chyme + -o- + plasm":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220710-002711"
}
}