{
  "ruddy":{
    "antonyms":[
      "ashen",
      "ashy",
      "doughy",
      "livid",
      "lurid",
      "mealy",
      "pale",
      "paled",
      "palish",
      "pallid",
      "pasty",
      "peaked",
      "peaky",
      "sallow",
      "sallowish",
      "wan"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": having a healthy reddish color":[],
      ": red , reddish":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "She has a ruddy face.",
      "the ruddy surface of Mars",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Soothe your dry, ruddy complexion with this collection that includes the beloved Tiger Grass Color Correcting Treatment that my mom uses daily. \u2014 Jennifer Aldrich, Better Homes & Gardens , 15 Oct. 2021",
      "In Hanapepe, the bottom layer turns a ruddy color like the soil. \u2014 Malia Wollan, New York Times , 15 Dec. 2020",
      "The man leaned his bulky body back in his seat and his ruddy face, surrounded by a white beard, took on the faraway look the woman knew well. \u2014 Polly Campbell, Cincinnati.com , 16 June 2020",
      "After being harvested, chili peppers are sun-dried until the long, tapering pods, some five or six inches in length, turn a rich, ruddy crimson color and take on a smooth, leathery sheen. \u2014 Jeff Koehler, sacbee , 22 Aug. 2017",
      "The large lagoons at the facility attract a wide variety of waterfowl species, including up to 12,000 ruddy ducks and over 5,000 northern shovelers during spring and fall migration. \u2014 Michigan Wildlife Council, Detroit Free Press , 21 Aug. 2017",
      "Mockett, with his ruddy face and thunderous laugh, was hardly inconspicuous. \u2014 Bloomberg.com , 27 July 2017",
      "Who hasn't been drawn to a big plump strawberry or a ruddy round tomato or a crisp green leaf of lettuce",
      "How does Greene inflect her descriptions of nature\u2014from the humming cicadas and pine trees to the murky caves and ruddy clay of the earth\u2014to tell the troubled history of the region\u2019s landscape"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "13th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English rody, rudy, going back to Old English rudi (attested once), from rudu \"red color, redness\" (going back to a Germanic base *ru\u0111-, zero-grade ablaut of *rau\u0111a- \"red,\" whence also Old Icelandic ro\u00f0i \"redness\") + -i, -ig -y entry 1 \u2014 more at red entry 1":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259d-\u0113",
      "\u02c8r\u0259-d\u0113"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "blooming",
      "florid",
      "flush",
      "full-blooded",
      "glowing",
      "red",
      "rosy",
      "rubicund",
      "sanguine"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-164243",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "adverb",
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "ruddy diver":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": ruddy duck":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220708-124927",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "ruddy duck":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": an American duck ( Oxyura jamaicensis ) with a long tail of stiff feathers, a broad bill, and in the breeding male a brownish-red back and sides and a blue bill":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Back at the harbor, another small waterbird \u2014 an eared grebe \u2014 was released alongside the ruddy duck Wednesday. \u2014 Robin Estrin, Los Angeles Times , 14 Oct. 2021",
      "But two lucky birds, a ruddy duck and an eared grebe, were released Wednesday after going through rehabilitation at the edge of Huntington Harbour. \u2014 Alejandra Reyes-velarde Staff Writer, Los Angeles Times , 15 Oct. 2021",
      "Ten days later, Sam Christie, a wildlife care specialist from the UC Davis Oiled Wildlife Care Network, lifted the bird \u2014 a ruddy duck \u2014 from a soft, blue box and placed it at the edge of Huntington Harbour. \u2014 Robin Estrin, Los Angeles Times , 14 Oct. 2021",
      "The only wildlife confirmed to be affected by the spill so far is a ruddy duck , and is receiving veterinary care, Laughlin said. \u2014 Veronica Rocha, CNN , 4 Oct. 2021",
      "But the US Coast Guard said there was a report of just one ruddy duck that was covered in oil and receiving veterinary care. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 3 Oct. 2021",
      "Two Caspian terns were spotted at Broad Cove in Somerset, and a ruddy duck was tallied in Fall River. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 17 July 2021",
      "In Sherborn a red-headed woodpecker and a worm-eating warbler were tallied, and in Waltham a lingering ruddy duck was found at Hardy Pond, and elsewhere in Waltham an alder flycatcher was identified. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 12 June 2021",
      "Parker River National Wildlife Refuge: Among reports were four Northern shovelers, a Eurasian wigeon, a ruddy duck , a pectoral sandpiper, three American woodcocks, an Eastern phoebe, and a Lapland longspur. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 3 Nov. 2019"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1813, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220708-084829",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rude":{
    "antonyms":[
      "refined"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": being in a rough or unfinished state : crude":[],
      ": coarse , vulgar":[],
      ": ignorant , unlearned":[],
      ": inelegant , uncouth":[],
      ": lacking refinement or delicacy:":[],
      ": marked by or suggestive of lack of training or skill : inexperienced":[
        "rude workmanship"
      ],
      ": natural , raw":[
        "rude cotton"
      ],
      ": occurring abruptly and disconcertingly":[
        "a rude awakening"
      ],
      ": offensive in manner or action : discourteous":[],
      ": primitive , undeveloped":[
        "peasants use rude wooden plows",
        "\u2014 Jack Raymond"
      ],
      ": robust , sturdy":[
        "in rude health"
      ],
      ": simple , elemental":[],
      ": uncivilized , savage":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "I was shocked by her rude behavior.",
      "I can't believe that he was so rude to me.",
      "I heard someone make a rude noise .",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Would it be considered rude if the one talking on the phone continues with their conversation",
      "For most of us, being on our phones for anything outside of something urgent on a date was considered rude . \u2014 Ian Kerner, CNN , 30 May 2022",
      "Calling off plans at the last minute used to be seen as rude . \u2014 Alina Dizik, WSJ , 30 May 2022",
      "But as these young people are rude enough to discuss plans that do not include everyone present, Miss Manners would not have thought this was a great loss. \u2014 Jacobina Martin, Washington Post , 25 May 2022",
      "Scrolling through Yelp reviews always reveals a plethora of unreasonable complaints, or an excuse to dump on working class people who have the very difficult job of serving rude , entitled patrons every day. \u2014 Emma Balter, Chron , 24 May 2022",
      "Knowing, for instance, that your nephew in college can\u2019t be locked up for saying rude things on Twitter after a few beers",
      "Marcella Arguello says she is used to fielding rude questions about her heritage. \u2014 Julie Hinds, Detroit Free Press , 18 May 2022",
      "What your nervy acquaintance did was breach whatever privacy is left in our society these days, which was thoughtless, rude and inexcusable. \u2014 Abigail Van Buren, oregonlive , 17 May 2022"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin rudis ; probably akin to Latin rudus rubble":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcd"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for rude rude , rough , crude , raw mean lacking in social refinement. rude implies ignorance of or indifference to good form; it may suggest intentional discourtesy. rude behavior rough is likely to stress lack of polish and gentleness. rough manners crude may apply to thought or behavior limited to the gross, the obvious, or the primitive. a crude joke raw suggests being untested, inexperienced, or unfinished. turning raw youths into polished performers",
    "synonyms":[
      "artless",
      "clumsy",
      "crude",
      "jerry-built",
      "jerry-rigged",
      "jury-rigged",
      "rough",
      "rough-and-ready",
      "rough-and-tumble",
      "rough-hewn",
      "unrefined"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-171829",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "adverb",
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rude awakening":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": surprising and unpleasant discovery that one is mistaken":[
        "He thinks he can get by without doing any work, but he is in for a rude awakening ."
      ]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-054912",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rude shock":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": an unpleasant surprise":[
        "If you think this job is going to be easy, you're in for a rude shock ."
      ]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-004543",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rudeness":{
    "antonyms":[
      "civility",
      "considerateness",
      "consideration",
      "courtesy",
      "genteelness",
      "gentility",
      "graciousness",
      "politeness",
      "politesse",
      "thoughtfulness"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a rude action":[],
      ": the quality or state of being rude":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "such rudeness will not be tolerated in this office",
      "the rudeness of frontier life gradually diminished with time",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "This movie shows what teens and pre-teens are like when adults aren't watching \u2014 including all the rudeness and profanity that goes with it \u2014 and then sets that energy on an adventure to find a lost pirate's treasure. \u2014 Marisa Lascala, Good Housekeeping , 17 May 2022",
      "Something else to consider is that the opposites of kindness and helpfulness are rudeness and apathy, which according to our customer service research, are the top reasons customers are likely to switch companies or leave a brand. \u2014 Shep Hyken, Forbes , 27 Mar. 2022",
      "Arriving at the hospital with Nicky, Kevin laments \u2013 in his quick-to-fault-himself way \u2013 that his rudeness may have drove Cassidy to drink and drive. \u2014 Amanda Ostuni, EW.com , 16 Mar. 2022",
      "Your wife is correct, but Miss Manners recognizes that your rudeness was a reaction to everyone else\u2019s in preferring email and sports scores to the friends seated across the table. \u2014 Washington Post , 20 Jan. 2022",
      "The contrast between the academic seriousness of the backdrop and the rudeness of the gesture is intriguing. \u2014 New York Times , 1 Mar. 2022",
      "Rather than at least attempting to be a role model, public figures followed Trump's lead: Prioritizing rudeness and cruelty over decency and respect. \u2014 Chris Cillizza, CNN , 15 Dec. 2021",
      "There are no events for mendacity, oppression, or rudeness . \u2014 Nr Editors, National Review , 17 Feb. 2022",
      "But airlines are a particular dumping ground for stress and rudeness . \u2014 New York Times , 16 Feb. 2022"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcd-n\u0259s"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "dis",
      "diss",
      "discourteousness",
      "discourtesy",
      "disrespect",
      "disrespectfulness",
      "impertinence",
      "impertinency",
      "impoliteness",
      "impudence",
      "incivility",
      "inconsiderateness",
      "inconsideration",
      "insolence",
      "ungraciousness"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-035034",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rudenture":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": cabling":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1723, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "French, from Latin rudent-, rudens ship's rope + French -ure":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "(\u02c8)r\u00fc\u00a6dench\u0259(r)"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-030624",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rudera":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": ruins , debris":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1600, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Latin, plural of rudus rubble, broken stone":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcd\u0259r\u0259"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-114051",
    "type":[
      "plural noun"
    ]
  },
  "ruderate":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": to pave with broken stone":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{
      "circa 1823, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Latin ruderatus , past participle of ruderare to pave with broken stone, from rudus rubble":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcd\u0259\u02ccr\u0101t"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-105446",
    "type":[
      "transitive verb"
    ]
  },
  "ruderation":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": the process of paving with broken stone":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{
      "circa 1730, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Latin ruderation-, ruderatio , from ruderatus (past participle) + -ion-, -io -ion":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02ccr\u00fcd\u0259\u02c8r\u0101sh\u0259n"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-211143",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rudesby":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": an uncivil turbulent person":[
        "a madbrain rudesby full of spleen",
        "\u2014 Shakespeare"
      ]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1566, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "rude + -sby (as in the name Crosby )":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcdzb\u0113"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-114647",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rudge":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":[
      "Definition of rudge chiefly dialectal variant of ridge"
    ],
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":[],
    "history_and_etymology":[],
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259j"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220629-124618",
    "type":[]
  },
  "rudiment":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a basic principle or element or a fundamental skill":[
        "\u2014 usually used in plural teaching themselves the rudiments of rational government \u2014 G. B. Galanti"
      ],
      ": a body part so deficient in size or structure as to be entirely unable to perform its normal function":[],
      ": an organ just beginning to develop : anlage":[],
      ": something unformed or undeveloped : beginning":[
        "\u2014 usually used in plural the rudiments of a plan"
      ]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "By its conclusion, someone will likely have developed the rudiments of emotion, segueing directly into Origins, a civilization game unlike any other. \u2014 Dan Thurot, Ars Technica , 25 Apr. 2020",
      "Two uncles, Pete and Bobby Domenick, played guitar and banjo professionally, and his uncle Bobby taught him some musical rudiments . \u2014 Peter Keepnews, New York Times , 24 Mar. 2020",
      "Jojo and his friend Yorki (Archie Yates)\u2014round face, round spectacles, and an all-round delight\u2014go off to training camp, where they are taught not only combat skills but the rudiments of racial hatred. \u2014 Anthony Lane, The New Yorker , 18 Oct. 2019",
      "China is attempting to deprive Uighurs of their ethnolinguistic identity, the very rudiments of their nationality. \u2014 Michael Brendan Dougherty, National Review , 29 Nov. 2019",
      "People helped each other, of course, with tins and bags of rudiments but everyone knew the stores were running out. \u2014 Time , 19 Nov. 2019",
      "Older adults often enrolled in noncredit courses, addressing topics such as home-buying, disco dancing and the rudiments of hockey. \u2014 Matt Schudel, Washington Post , 21 Aug. 2019",
      "But his father dies suddenly, before passing on anything but the rudiments of the job. \u2014 Mar\u00eda Gainza, Harper's magazine , 10 May 2019",
      "On one such stone a pair of dotted squares flanking a thin rectangle, barely recognizable as the rudiments of a face, were enough to convey the presence of a goddess in a shrine of the first century AD. \u2014 James Romm, The New York Review of Books , 18 Mar. 2019"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1534, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Latin rudimentum beginning, from rudis raw, rude":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcd-\u0259-m\u0259nt",
      "\u02c8r\u00fc-d\u0259-m\u0259nt"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-061452",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rudimental":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a basic principle or element or a fundamental skill":[
        "\u2014 usually used in plural teaching themselves the rudiments of rational government \u2014 G. B. Galanti"
      ],
      ": a body part so deficient in size or structure as to be entirely unable to perform its normal function":[],
      ": an organ just beginning to develop : anlage":[],
      ": something unformed or undeveloped : beginning":[
        "\u2014 usually used in plural the rudiments of a plan"
      ]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "By its conclusion, someone will likely have developed the rudiments of emotion, segueing directly into Origins, a civilization game unlike any other. \u2014 Dan Thurot, Ars Technica , 25 Apr. 2020",
      "Two uncles, Pete and Bobby Domenick, played guitar and banjo professionally, and his uncle Bobby taught him some musical rudiments . \u2014 Peter Keepnews, New York Times , 24 Mar. 2020",
      "Jojo and his friend Yorki (Archie Yates)\u2014round face, round spectacles, and an all-round delight\u2014go off to training camp, where they are taught not only combat skills but the rudiments of racial hatred. \u2014 Anthony Lane, The New Yorker , 18 Oct. 2019",
      "China is attempting to deprive Uighurs of their ethnolinguistic identity, the very rudiments of their nationality. \u2014 Michael Brendan Dougherty, National Review , 29 Nov. 2019",
      "People helped each other, of course, with tins and bags of rudiments but everyone knew the stores were running out. \u2014 Time , 19 Nov. 2019",
      "Older adults often enrolled in noncredit courses, addressing topics such as home-buying, disco dancing and the rudiments of hockey. \u2014 Matt Schudel, Washington Post , 21 Aug. 2019",
      "But his father dies suddenly, before passing on anything but the rudiments of the job. \u2014 Mar\u00eda Gainza, Harper's magazine , 10 May 2019",
      "On one such stone a pair of dotted squares flanking a thin rectangle, barely recognizable as the rudiments of a face, were enough to convey the presence of a goddess in a shrine of the first century AD. \u2014 James Romm, The New York Review of Books , 18 Mar. 2019"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1534, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Latin rudimentum beginning, from rudis raw, rude":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcd-\u0259-m\u0259nt",
      "\u02c8r\u00fc-d\u0259-m\u0259nt"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-164255",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rudimentary":{
    "antonyms":[
      "advanced",
      "developed",
      "evolved",
      "high",
      "higher",
      "late"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": consisting in first principles : fundamental":[
        "had only a rudimentary formal education",
        "\u2014 D. J. Boorstin"
      ],
      ": of a primitive kind":[
        "the equipment of these past empire-builders was rudimentary",
        "\u2014 A. J. Toynbee"
      ],
      ": very imperfectly developed or represented only by a vestige":[
        "the rudimentary tail of a hyrax"
      ]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Because now, every schlemiel with a pair of mirrored sunglasses and a rudimentary grasp of the rules of poker thinks he can play cards with the pros. \u2014 A. J. Jacobs , New York Times Book Review , 8 May 2005",
      "Despite the rudimentary nature of its instruments\u2014an octant, a chronometer and a level\u2014the Lewis and Clark Expedition was a triumph for science and natural history. \u2014 Daniel J. Boorstin , U.S. News & World Report , 11 July 1994",
      "A few were hopeless imbeciles, unable to comprehend more than the rudimentary requirements of filling their bellies when food was placed before them \u2026 \u2014 Edgar Rice Burroughs , The Monster Men , 1929",
      "This class requires a rudimentary knowledge of human anatomy.",
      "When baseball was in its rudimentary stages, different teams played by different rules.",
      "Some insects have only rudimentary wings.",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "The network, which connects the University of Chicago with Argonne National Laboratory in Lemont, is a rudimentary version of what scientists hope someday to become the internet of the future. \u2014 Robert Mccoppin, Chicago Tribune , 18 June 2022",
      "As anybody who has tinkered with building even a rudimentary version of a Goldberg machine knows, getting to the point where the perch actually tips would be a minor miracle. \u2014 Justin Lahart, WSJ , 3 Jan. 2022",
      "Right now, the experiences available to those users are relatively rudimentary , mostly involving games like virtual laser tag or events like digital dance parties. \u2014 Jeremy Kahn, Fortune , 13 June 2022",
      "Scotland Yard only began employing a rudimentary fingerprint system in 1894, and only as an auxiliary to anthropometrics, which identified criminals by physical characteristics like skull width and foot length. \u2014 Roy Schwartz, CNN , 20 May 2022",
      "The Crap is at once chaotic and defanged, with rudimentary drum machine grooves doing a poor job of taking the place of Headon. \u2014 Al Shipley, SPIN , 14 May 2022",
      "Then the mini-cases vanish and, in the middle of the main trial, Mickey illustrates his gifts as a lawyer by mansplaining extremely rudimentary legal principles to Izzy from the back of his Lincoln. \u2014 Daniel Fienberg, The Hollywood Reporter , 11 May 2022",
      "In it, he is seen emerging shirtless from a small, thatched hut, carrying a rudimentary stone hatchet. \u2014 New York Times , 6 Apr. 2022",
      "Has the market for rudimentary pixelated cartoon heads already peaked"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1619, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "see rudiment":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "-\u02c8men-tr\u0113",
      "\u02ccr\u00fcd-\u0259-\u02c8men-t\u0259-r\u0113",
      "\u02ccr\u00fcd-\u0259-\u02c8ment-\u0259-r\u0113, -\u02c8men-tr\u0113",
      "\u02ccr\u00fc-d\u0259-\u02c8men-t\u0259-r\u0113"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "crude",
      "low",
      "primitive",
      "rude"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-235955",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "adverb",
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "rudiments":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a basic principle or element or a fundamental skill":[
        "\u2014 usually used in plural teaching themselves the rudiments of rational government \u2014 G. B. Galanti"
      ],
      ": a body part so deficient in size or structure as to be entirely unable to perform its normal function":[],
      ": an organ just beginning to develop : anlage":[],
      ": something unformed or undeveloped : beginning":[
        "\u2014 usually used in plural the rudiments of a plan"
      ]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "By its conclusion, someone will likely have developed the rudiments of emotion, segueing directly into Origins, a civilization game unlike any other. \u2014 Dan Thurot, Ars Technica , 25 Apr. 2020",
      "Two uncles, Pete and Bobby Domenick, played guitar and banjo professionally, and his uncle Bobby taught him some musical rudiments . \u2014 Peter Keepnews, New York Times , 24 Mar. 2020",
      "Jojo and his friend Yorki (Archie Yates)\u2014round face, round spectacles, and an all-round delight\u2014go off to training camp, where they are taught not only combat skills but the rudiments of racial hatred. \u2014 Anthony Lane, The New Yorker , 18 Oct. 2019",
      "China is attempting to deprive Uighurs of their ethnolinguistic identity, the very rudiments of their nationality. \u2014 Michael Brendan Dougherty, National Review , 29 Nov. 2019",
      "People helped each other, of course, with tins and bags of rudiments but everyone knew the stores were running out. \u2014 Time , 19 Nov. 2019",
      "Older adults often enrolled in noncredit courses, addressing topics such as home-buying, disco dancing and the rudiments of hockey. \u2014 Matt Schudel, Washington Post , 21 Aug. 2019",
      "But his father dies suddenly, before passing on anything but the rudiments of the job. \u2014 Mar\u00eda Gainza, Harper's magazine , 10 May 2019",
      "On one such stone a pair of dotted squares flanking a thin rectangle, barely recognizable as the rudiments of a face, were enough to convey the presence of a goddess in a shrine of the first century AD. \u2014 James Romm, The New York Review of Books , 18 Mar. 2019"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1534, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Latin rudimentum beginning, from rudis raw, rude":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcd-\u0259-m\u0259nt",
      "\u02c8r\u00fc-d\u0259-m\u0259nt"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-035913",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "ruddy plover":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": sanderling":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220708-153213"
  },
  "ruddy sheldrake":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a sheldrake ( Tadorna ferruginea ) of southern Europe, Asia, and northern Africa that is chiefly orange-brown with the quills of the wings and tail blackish and the speculum bronzy green and with the male in summer having a black collar":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220708-181651"
  },
  "ruddy turnstone":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": an American turnstone ( Arenaria interpres morinella ) similar to the common turnstone":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220708-193858"
  },
  "ruddy well":{
    "type":[
      "idiom"
    ],
    "definitions":{},
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220708-201028"
  },
  "rudderless":{
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": an underwater blade that is positioned at the stern of a boat or ship and controlled by its helm and that when turned causes the vessel's head to turn in the same direction":[],
      ": a movable auxiliary airfoil on an airplane usually attached at the rear end that serves to control direction of flight in the horizontal plane \u2014 see airplane illustration":[],
      ": a guiding force or strategy":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259-d\u0259r"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Eventually, Williams ran out of ammunition, and cannon fire from a MiG took out control of his rudder and hydraulics. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 17 June 2022",
      "Inside the eDA40\u2019s is seating for four with adjustable pilot seat backs and lumbar support, electrically adjustable rudder pedals and electric air conditioning. \u2014 J. George Gorant, Robb Report , 5 May 2022",
      "The tail section of the plane consists of the vertical and horizontal stabilizers, including the fin, rudder and elevators, which help to control the plane in flight. \u2014 Emiliano Tahui G\u00f3mez, USA TODAY , 25 Mar. 2022",
      "How, without rudder or wing, to steer, To get hold of this floating grave. \u2014 Osip Mandelstam, The New Yorker , 7 Mar. 2022",
      "New Irish coach Marcus Freeman has steadied the rudder . \u2014 Mark Heim | Mheim@al.com, al , 1 Jan. 2022",
      "In the 1950s, the Convair B-58 Hustler employed a rudder , elevons, and a complex automatic trim system. \u2014 Walter J. Boyne And Alex Hollings, Popular Mechanics , 23 May 2021",
      "Verdant, rife with wildlife sightings, and slow, the trip, steered solely with a rod, rudder , and oar, promises a peacefulness long before arrival. \u2014 Becca Hensley, Travel + Leisure , 26 Dec. 2021",
      "Even as Boeing upgraded the 737 design in subsequent years with more seats and bigger engines (and a fix for a faulty rudder design), the aircraft\u2019s simplicity, in its cabin as well as its cockpit controls, remained a signature feature. \u2014 Washington Post , 17 Dec. 2021"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English rother , from Old English r\u014dther paddle; akin to Old English r\u014dwan to row":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220710-145627"
  },
  "Rudd":{
    "type":[
      "biographical name",
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a freshwater Eurasian cyprinid fish ( Scardinius erythrophthalmus ) resembling the golden shiner":[],
      "Kevin Michael 1957\u2013 prime minister of Australia (2007\u201310; 2013)":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259d",
      "\u02c8ru\u0307d"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "More: Drinking water issues, fire intensify Harvey crisis Affected species included smallmouth and largemouth bass, rudd , rock bass, white bass, white and yellow perch, walleye, bowfin and steelhead. \u2014 Keith Matheny, USA TODAY , 1 Sep. 2017",
      "Affected species included smallmouth and largemouth bass, rudd , rock bass, white bass, white and yellow perch, walleye, bowfin and steelhead. \u2014 Keith Matheny, Detroit Free Press , 1 Sep. 2017"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "probably from rud redness, red ocher, from Middle English rude , from Old English rudu \u2014 more at ruddy":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "1526, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220710-180756"
  },
  "rudder angle":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": the acute angle between the rudder and the fore-and-aft line of a ship or airplane":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220710-195937"
  },
  "rudder":{
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": an underwater blade that is positioned at the stern of a boat or ship and controlled by its helm and that when turned causes the vessel's head to turn in the same direction":[],
      ": a movable auxiliary airfoil on an airplane usually attached at the rear end that serves to control direction of flight in the horizontal plane \u2014 see airplane illustration":[],
      ": a guiding force or strategy":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259-d\u0259r"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Eventually, Williams ran out of ammunition, and cannon fire from a MiG took out control of his rudder and hydraulics. \u2014 San Diego Union-Tribune , 17 June 2022",
      "Inside the eDA40\u2019s is seating for four with adjustable pilot seat backs and lumbar support, electrically adjustable rudder pedals and electric air conditioning. \u2014 J. George Gorant, Robb Report , 5 May 2022",
      "The tail section of the plane consists of the vertical and horizontal stabilizers, including the fin, rudder and elevators, which help to control the plane in flight. \u2014 Emiliano Tahui G\u00f3mez, USA TODAY , 25 Mar. 2022",
      "How, without rudder or wing, to steer, To get hold of this floating grave. \u2014 Osip Mandelstam, The New Yorker , 7 Mar. 2022",
      "New Irish coach Marcus Freeman has steadied the rudder . \u2014 Mark Heim | Mheim@al.com, al , 1 Jan. 2022",
      "In the 1950s, the Convair B-58 Hustler employed a rudder , elevons, and a complex automatic trim system. \u2014 Walter J. Boyne And Alex Hollings, Popular Mechanics , 23 May 2021",
      "Verdant, rife with wildlife sightings, and slow, the trip, steered solely with a rod, rudder , and oar, promises a peacefulness long before arrival. \u2014 Becca Hensley, Travel + Leisure , 26 Dec. 2021",
      "Even as Boeing upgraded the 737 design in subsequent years with more seats and bigger engines (and a fix for a faulty rudder design), the aircraft\u2019s simplicity, in its cabin as well as its cockpit controls, remained a signature feature. \u2014 Washington Post , 17 Dec. 2021"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English rother , from Old English r\u014dther paddle; akin to Old English r\u014dwan to row":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220710-204512"
  },
  "rudd":{
    "type":[
      "biographical name",
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a freshwater Eurasian cyprinid fish ( Scardinius erythrophthalmus ) resembling the golden shiner":[],
      "Kevin Michael 1957\u2013 prime minister of Australia (2007\u201310; 2013)":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259d",
      "\u02c8ru\u0307d"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "More: Drinking water issues, fire intensify Harvey crisis Affected species included smallmouth and largemouth bass, rudd , rock bass, white bass, white and yellow perch, walleye, bowfin and steelhead. \u2014 Keith Matheny, USA TODAY , 1 Sep. 2017",
      "Affected species included smallmouth and largemouth bass, rudd , rock bass, white bass, white and yellow perch, walleye, bowfin and steelhead. \u2014 Keith Matheny, Detroit Free Press , 1 Sep. 2017"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "probably from rud redness, red ocher, from Middle English rude , from Old English rudu \u2014 more at ruddy":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "1526, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220710-205911"
  },
  "rudder bar":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a foot bar for operating the central cables leading to the rudder of an airplane":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{
      "1909, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220715-091513"
  },
  "rudbeckia":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": any of a genus ( Rudbeckia ) of North American chiefly perennial composite herbs having showy flower heads with mostly yellow ray flowers and a usually conical scaly receptacle":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02ccr\u0259d-\u02c8be-k\u0113-\u0259",
      "\u02ccr\u00fcd-"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "At the top of the colorful displays were the begonias, rudbeckia , impatiens and coleus. \u2014 Tom Maccubbin, orlandosentinel.com , 20 Oct. 2019",
      "Mums, asters, toad lily (Tricyrtis spp.) and rudbeckias will soon be taking center stage, so attention to watering will help with their performance. \u2014 Jo Ellen Meyers Sharp, Indianapolis Star , 1 Aug. 2019",
      "His displays include dahlias, cannas, calla lilies, oriental lilies, day lilies, hydrangeas, climbing hydrangeas, rhododendrons, pink, white, purple, roses, peonies, rudbeckias , coneflowers, clematis, lupines and many others. \u2014 courant.com , 15 June 2019",
      "M\u00f6nch\u2019 aster, catmint, lavender, rudbeckia , and Salvia chamaedryoides. \u2014 Thad Orr, Sunset , 22 Jan. 2018",
      "Transplant petunias, marigolds and perennial flowers such as astilbe, columbine, coneflowers, coreopsis, dahlias, rudbeckia and verbena. \u2014 Debbie Arrington, sacbee , 5 May 2018",
      "Flowers which air dry well include goldenrod, hydrangea, statice, strawflower, celosia, rosebuds, yarrow, globe amaranth, grass plumes, rudbeckia , bachelor's buttons, zinnias and sunflower, to name a few. \u2014 Dan Gill, NOLA.com , 4 Nov. 2017",
      "Perennials that are dormant over the winter, such as daylilies, ajuga, daisy, rudbeckia , coreopsis, yarrow and others, can be divided and transplanted now through February. \u2014 NOLA.com , 28 Oct. 2017",
      "This week's gardening tips: To encourage continued blooming, remove spent flowers from bedding plants, such as marigolds, zinnias, pentas, cosmos, salvia and rudbeckia . \u2014 Dan Gill, NOLA.com , 24 June 2017"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "New Latin, from Olof Rudbeck \u20201702 Swedish scientist":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "circa 1759, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-053035"
  },
  "rudderfish":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": any of various fishes reputed to follow or accompany ships:":[],
      ": pilot fish sense 1":[],
      ": banded rudderfish":[],
      ": any of several butterfishes (family Stromateidae)":[],
      ": the opaleye or other fish of the family Girellidae":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "rudder entry 1 + fish":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "1735, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-054748"
  },
  "Ruda Slaska":{
    "type":[
      "geographical name"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      "commune in southern Poland population 143,000":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02ccr\u00fc-d\u0259-\u02c8shl\u022f\u207f-sk\u0259"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-063043"
  },
  "rudder bird":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": ruddy duck":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{
      "1884, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-074307"
  },
  "rudas":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": an ugly foul-mouthed old hag : beldam":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcd\u0259s"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "origin unknown":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "1725, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-083009"
  },
  "rudderhead":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": the upper end of a rudderstock to which the tiller is attached":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "rudder entry 1 + head":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-092448"
  },
  "rudder crosshead":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": an athwartship metal bar or casting which is secured to a rudderhead in lieu of a tiller and to which the connecting rods of the steering gear are secured":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-095542"
  },
  "rudderstock":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": the shaft of a rudder":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "rudder entry 1 + stock":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-103226"
  },
  "rudder chain":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": one of a pair of loose chains or ropes that lead from a rudder to the quarters for operating it in case the tiller or rudderhead is broken":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{
      "1837, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-122420"
  },
  "rud":{
    "type":[
      "abbreviation",
      "noun",
      "transitive verb"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a ruddy color : redness":[],
      ": hue , complexion":[],
      ": red ocher":[],
      ": redden":[],
      "rudder":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English rude, rudde, rode , from Old English rudu ; akin to Old English r\u0113ad red":"Noun",
      "Middle English ruden, rudden, roden , from rude, rudde, rode rud":"Transitive verb"
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1b":"Noun",
      "13th century, in the meaning defined above":"Transitive verb"
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-122642"
  },
  "rudder breeching":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a rope for lifting a rudder so as to ease the strain on the pintles":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-164608"
  },
  "rudderhole":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a hole in a deck through which a rudderstock passes":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "rudder entry 1 + hole":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-183631"
  },
  "rudder brake":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": an eccentric friction band for controlling the motion of a rudder (as in a seaway)":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-200333"
  },
  "rudderpost":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": the shaft of a rudder":[],
      ": an additional sternpost in a ship with a single screw propeller to which the rudder is attached":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259-d\u0259r-\u02ccp\u014dst"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{
      "1691, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-223224"
  },
  "rudder stop":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a fitting on the stern frame or structure of a ship to limit the swing of the rudder":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-234523"
  },
  "rudder lug":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a projection on a rudder frame at the forward edge for taking a pintle":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220711-234905"
  },
  "rudder iron":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a pintle or gudgeon for a ship's rudder":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-011244"
  },
  "rudder tackle":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": emergency tackle for use when mechanical steering gear fails to function":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-070907"
  },
  "rudder torque":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a twisting effect exerted by the rudder of an airplane on the fuselage due to the relative displacement of the center of pressure of the rudder":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-071946"
  },
  "rudder trunk":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a watertight enclosure around a rudderstock":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-150047"
  },
  "ruddervator":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a movable airfoil at the trailing edge of a vee tail designed to perform the functions of both a rudder and an elevator":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "blend of rudder and elevator":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "1945, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-161623"
  },
  "ruddle":{
    "type":[
      "noun",
      "verb"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": red ocher":[],
      ": to color with or as if with red ocher : redden":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259-d\u1d4al"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English rodel, from rud, rude, rode \"red color, redness\" (going back to Old English rudu ) + -le, noun suffix, perhaps here instrumental \u2014 more at ruddy":"Noun",
      "derivative of ruddle entry 1":"Verb"
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "14th century, in the meaning defined above":"Noun",
      "1538, in the meaning defined above":"Verb"
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-195618"
  },
  "rudimentation":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": the formation of a vestigial organ by continuous lagging in development \u2014 compare aphanisia":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02ccr\u00fcd\u0259(\u02cc)men\u2027\u02c8t\u0101sh\u0259n",
      "-m\u0259n\u2027-"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "rudiment + -ation":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-223505"
  },
  "rudish":{
    "type":[
      "adjective"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": somewhat rude":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u00fcdish"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "rude + -ish":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "15th century, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-224236"
  },
  "ruddleman":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a dealer in red ocher":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "-d\u1d4alm\u0259n"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "ruddle entry 1 or reddle + man":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "1632, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-224717"
  },
  "Rudista":{
    "type":[
      "adjective or noun",
      "plural noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a division of Eulamellibranchia comprising extinct chiefly Cretaceous bivalve mollusks with one valve elongate, conical, and thick-shelled and the other small and fitting like a lid on the first":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "r\u00fc\u02c8dist\u0259"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "New Latin, from Latin rudis rude, raw + -ista -ist":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220712-225058"
  },
  "ruddock":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": robin sense 1a":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8r\u0259-d\u0259k",
      "\u02c8ru\u0307-"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English rudok, going back to Old English rudduc, from rudu \"red color, redness\" + -uc, -oc -ock \u2014 more at ruddy":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "before the 12th century, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220713-000152"
  }
}