": a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning":[
"secret communications written in cipher"
],
": arabic numeral":[],
": encipher":[
"ciphered the letters that passed between the two heads of state"
],
": one that has no weight, worth, or influence : nonentity":[
"It was an odd fact that the financier, a cipher in his own home, could impress all sorts of people at the office.",
"\u2014 P. G. Wodehouse",
"Why did the family, I wondered, act as if Rita hardly existed",
"\u2014 Andrew M. Greeley"
],
": to compute arithmetically":[
"ciphered out the sum in his head"
],
": to use figures in a mathematical process":[
"all children should learn to read, write, and cipher",
"\u2014 M. Pattison"
],
": zero sense 1a":[],
"\u2014 compare code sense 3b":[
"secret communications written in cipher"
]
},
"examples":[
"Noun",
"a cipher that can't be decoded",
"She was nothing more than a cipher .",
"Verb",
"were surprised by how much we had spent on the cruise after we had ciphered out the grand total",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"The pages on the left (verso) were written in a cipher . \u2014 Nikhil Krishnan, The New Yorker , 9 May 2022",
"As a cipher of pop culture, Hollywood can\u2019t be beat. \u2014 Jessica Geltstaff Writer, Los Angeles Times , 18 May 2022",
"After all, the cipher that Wittgenstein employed was both basic and known to his siblings, who used it as children (z is a, y is b, etc.). \u2014 Nikhil Krishnan, The New Yorker , 9 May 2022",
"Kawakami gradually reveals the woman beneath the cipher , as Fuyuko is forced to confront the specter of Mizuno, the aloof teenager who took her virginity in a brutal encounter. \u2014 Washington Post , 5 May 2022",
"Don't ask me, but some online sleuths have already managed to figure out the cipher in the image. \u2014 Evan Romano, Men's Health , 7 Mar. 2022",
"Morse code, Arthur Conan Doyle\u2019s Dancing Men code, the Knights Templar cipher and polyalphabetic substitution ciphers. \u2014 Washington Post , 5 Oct. 2020",
"The musicologist Nelly Kravetz discovered that this second musical cipher alludes to the pianist Elmira Nazirova, with whom Shostakovich was besotted at the time. \u2014 Alex Ross, The New Yorker , 24 Mar. 2022",
"It may be baked into the actual story, but John\u2019s cipher -like quality, added to the character\u2019s hypothermia and dazed, near-suicidal reluctance for help, sometimes reduces him to more of a prop than a persona. \u2014 Gary Goldstein, Los Angeles Times , 24 Mar. 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"These remnants, signals from an earlier phase of our human condition, have been endlessly ciphered by generations of archaeologists in the Bears Ears region (which is named for twin buttes near its center). \u2014 Stephen Nash, New York Times , 25 July 2017"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":"Noun",
"circa 1530, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense":"Verb"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Medieval Latin cifra , from Arabic \u1e63ifr empty, cipher, zero":"Noun and Verb"
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8s\u012b-f\u0259r"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"aught",
"goose egg",
"naught",
"nought",
"nil",
"nothing",
"o",
"oh",
"zero",
"zilch",
"zip"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-094701",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"cipher clerk":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a person who routinely encrypts and decrypts messages":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-071822",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cipher component":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": the sequence of a substitution alphabet that identifies the ciphertext letters \u2014 compare alphabet sense 1j":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220707-201043",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"cipher disk":{
"antonyms":[],
"definitions":{
": a device for enciphering and deciphering in substitution cipher consisting of two movable concentric disks with the letters of the alphabet written around the margin of each":[]
},
"examples":[],
"first_known_use":{},
"history_and_etymology":{},
"pronounciation":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-125939",
"type":[
"noun"
]
},
"ciphering":{
"antonyms":[
"calculate",
"compute",
"figure",
"reckon",
"work out"
],
"definitions":{
": a message in code":[
"The cipher cannot be decoded without the key."
],
": a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning":[
"secret communications written in cipher"
],
": arabic numeral":[],
": encipher":[
"ciphered the letters that passed between the two heads of state"
],
": one that has no weight, worth, or influence : nonentity":[
"It was an odd fact that the financier, a cipher in his own home, could impress all sorts of people at the office.",
"\u2014 P. G. Wodehouse",
"Why did the family, I wondered, act as if Rita hardly existed",
"\u2014 Andrew M. Greeley"
],
": to compute arithmetically":[
"ciphered out the sum in his head"
],
": to use figures in a mathematical process":[
"all children should learn to read, write, and cipher",
"\u2014 M. Pattison"
],
": zero sense 1a":[],
"\u2014 compare code sense 3b":[
"secret communications written in cipher"
]
},
"examples":[
"Noun",
"a cipher that can't be decoded",
"She was nothing more than a cipher .",
"Verb",
"were surprised by how much we had spent on the cruise after we had ciphered out the grand total",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
"The pages on the left (verso) were written in a cipher . \u2014 Nikhil Krishnan, The New Yorker , 9 May 2022",
"As a cipher of pop culture, Hollywood can\u2019t be beat. \u2014 Jessica Geltstaff Writer, Los Angeles Times , 18 May 2022",
"After all, the cipher that Wittgenstein employed was both basic and known to his siblings, who used it as children (z is a, y is b, etc.). \u2014 Nikhil Krishnan, The New Yorker , 9 May 2022",
"Kawakami gradually reveals the woman beneath the cipher , as Fuyuko is forced to confront the specter of Mizuno, the aloof teenager who took her virginity in a brutal encounter. \u2014 Washington Post , 5 May 2022",
"Don't ask me, but some online sleuths have already managed to figure out the cipher in the image. \u2014 Evan Romano, Men's Health , 7 Mar. 2022",
"Morse code, Arthur Conan Doyle\u2019s Dancing Men code, the Knights Templar cipher and polyalphabetic substitution ciphers. \u2014 Washington Post , 5 Oct. 2020",
"The musicologist Nelly Kravetz discovered that this second musical cipher alludes to the pianist Elmira Nazirova, with whom Shostakovich was besotted at the time. \u2014 Alex Ross, The New Yorker , 24 Mar. 2022",
"It may be baked into the actual story, but John\u2019s cipher -like quality, added to the character\u2019s hypothermia and dazed, near-suicidal reluctance for help, sometimes reduces him to more of a prop than a persona. \u2014 Gary Goldstein, Los Angeles Times , 24 Mar. 2022",
"Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
"These remnants, signals from an earlier phase of our human condition, have been endlessly ciphered by generations of archaeologists in the Bears Ears region (which is named for twin buttes near its center). \u2014 Stephen Nash, New York Times , 25 July 2017"
],
"first_known_use":{
"14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":"Noun",
"circa 1530, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense":"Verb"
},
"history_and_etymology":{
"Middle English, from Medieval Latin cifra , from Arabic \u1e63ifr empty, cipher, zero":"Noun and Verb"
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8s\u012b-f\u0259r"
],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"synonyms":[
"aught",
"goose egg",
"naught",
"nought",
"nil",
"nothing",
"o",
"oh",
"zero",
"zilch",
"zip"
],
"time_of_retrieval":"20220706-175240",
"type":[
"noun",
"verb"
]
},
"ciphertext":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": the enciphered form of a text or of its elements \u2014 compare plaintext":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02c8s\u012b-f\u0259r-\u02cctekst"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[
"Recent Examples on the Web",
"In essence, bounded-\u200bdistance decoding is the problem of recovering the original lattice point from this ciphertext . \u2014 Adrienne Bernhard, Popular Mechanics , 26 Oct. 2021",
"This new method can enable applications to work on ciphertext and can remove the dependency of decryption. \u2014 Tirthankar Dutta, Forbes , 15 June 2021",
"The converted letters would then be transcribed to derive the ciphertext . \u2014 Dan Goodin, Ars Technica , 4 Dec. 2020",
"Rather than send voters home with a binder full of hexadecimal gibberish, the computer would print the ciphertext as something much smaller: a hash code, much like how a URL is shortened into a Bit.ly. \u2014 Benjamin Wofford, Wired , 15 Sep. 2020",
"At its most basic, encryption is the act of converting plaintext (like a credit card number) into unintelligible ciphertext using a very large, random number called a key. \u2014 Andrew Grotto For Cnn Business Perspectives, CNN , 28 Jan. 2020",
"Anyone with the key can convert the ciphertext back to plaintext. \u2014 Andrew Grotto For Cnn Business Perspectives, CNN , 28 Jan. 2020",
"The researchers explained: Given a pair of correct and faulty ciphertext on the same plaintext, this attack is able to recover the full 128-bit AES key with a computational complexity of only 232+256 encryptions on average. \u2014 Dan Goodin, Ars Technica , 10 Dec. 2019",
"The vulnerabilities allow attackers to exfiltrate email plaintexts by embedding the previously obtained ciphertext into unviewable parts of an email and combining it with HTML coding. \u2014 Dan Goodin, Ars Technica , 14 May 2018"
],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{
"1939, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220708-195914"
},
"cipo":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": liana":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"s\u0113\u02c8p\u014d"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"Spanish cip\u00f3, sip\u00f3, isip\u00f3 , from Guarani icip\u00f3":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-005657"
},
"cipolin":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a light-colored Roman marble containing layers of micaceous minerals and abundant silicates":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u00a6s\u0113p\u0259\u00a6la\u207f",
"\u02c8sip\u0259l\u0259\u0307n"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"borrowed from French & Italian; French cipolin, cipollin , borrowed from Italian ( marmo ) cipollino , from cipollino , masculine variant of cipollina , diminutive of cipolla \"onion\"; so called because the marble's wavy veins suggest the layers of an onion":""
},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220709-055205"
},
"Cipolletti weir":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a weir that is trapezoidal in shape with the sides inclining outward from the base":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u00a6ch\u0113p\u0259\u00a6let\u0113-"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"after Cesare Cipolletti \u20201908 Italian civil engineer who designed it":""
": a type of small, somewhat flattened onion that has a thin skin and a sweet taste":[
"cipollini onions",
"Add the cipollini to the pan, season with salt and pepper, and allow to caramelize evenly.",
"\u2014 Wine Spectator , 30 June 2010",
"Cipolline \u2014which are showing up more and more in specialty produce markets\u2014have a full, slightly sweet taste, and a firm-tender texture that's particularly good for pickling.",
"\u2014 Gourmet , March 2004",
"\u2026 roasted \u2026 monkfish with caramelized cipollinis and blood oranges.",
"\u2014 Wine Spectator , 31 May 2006"
]
},
"pronounciation":[
"\u02ccchi-p\u0259-\u02c8l\u0113-n\u0113"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{
"cipolline borrowed from Italian cipolline , plural of cipollina , diminutive of cipolla \"onion,\" going back to Late Latin c\u0113pulla , diminutive of c\u0113pa, caepa \"onion\"; cipollini , altered from cipolline , or borrowed from Italian, plural of cipollino , masculine variant of cipollina":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1929, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220711-133238"
},
"cipherer":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": one that ciphers : one skilled in the use of cipher":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"-f\u0259r\u0259(r)"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220712-000259"
},
"cipherdom":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": the state of being a nonentity":[]
},
"pronounciation":[
"-f\u0259(r)d\u0259m"
],
"synonyms":[],
"antonyms":[],
"synonym_discussion":"",
"examples":[],
"history_and_etymology":{},
"first_known_use":{},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220712-010250"
},
"ciprofloxacin":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 that is often administered in the form of its hydrochloride C 17 H 18 FN 3 O 3 \u00b7HCl and is effective especially against gram-negative bacteria":[]
"This strain has a high-level of resistance to azithromycin and resistance to ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. \u2014 Bruce Y. Lee, Forbes , 21 June 2022",
"Even those who have been vaccinated against bacterial meningitis should still get antibiotic treatment, such as ciprofloxacin and rifampin. \u2014 Kristen Jordan Shamus, Detroit Free Press , 27 Jan. 2022",
"Antibiotics are used to treat donovanosis, including azithromycin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin , erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. \u2014 Scott Gleeson, USA TODAY , 26 Oct. 2021",
"The report found more modest drops or figures in line with expectations for the remaining antibiotics, except ciprofloxacin , which jumped 12-14% in the last half of the year. \u2014 Robert Hart, Forbes , 22 Sep. 2021",
"Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin can - but don't always - kill it. \u2014 Raquel Rutledge, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , 29 Nov. 2010",
"All of them were resistant to at least seven antibiotics (azithromycin, ciprofloxacin , clindamycin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, telithromycin, and tetracycline). \u2014 Beth Mole, Ars Technica , 21 Sep. 2018",
"During the anthrax scare in 2001, the U.S government successfully pushed Bayer, the manufacturer of the anti-anthrax treatment ciprofloxacin , to drop its drug price. \u2014 Varoon Mathur, STAT , 2 Apr. 2020",
"Her doctor prescribed a third drug, ciprofloxacin , the last of the three major front-line medicines, and cultured her urine. \u2014 Matt Richtel, BostonGlobe.com , 13 July 2019"
],
"history_and_etymology":{
"probably from International Scientific Vocabulary ci- (alteration of cy cl-) + pro pyl + fl uor- + ox- + a z- + -my cin":""
},
"first_known_use":{
"1983, in the meaning defined above":""
},
"time_of_retrieval":"20220712-045250"
},
"cippus":{
"type":[
"noun"
],
"definitions":{
": a small low pillar usually inscribed and used in ancient Rome and Greece as a gravestone or landmark":[]
