dict_dl/en_merriam_webster/vu_mw.json

{
  "vulgarity":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": something vulgar":[],
      ": the quality or state of being vulgar":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "-\u02c8ga-r\u0259-",
      "\u02ccv\u0259l-\u02c8ger-\u0259-t\u0113",
      "\u02ccv\u0259l-\u02c8ger-r\u0259-t\u0113"
    ],
    "synonyms":[
      "coarseness",
      "commonness",
      "crassness",
      "crudeness",
      "crudity",
      "grossness",
      "indelicacy",
      "indelicateness",
      "lowness",
      "raffishness",
      "rawness",
      "roughness",
      "rudeness",
      "tastelessness"
    ],
    "antonyms":[
      "cultivation",
      "genteelness",
      "gentility",
      "polish",
      "refinement",
      "tastefulness"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "a comedian known for her vulgarity",
      "I was shocked by the vulgarity of his language.",
      "He uttered a vulgarity and was silent.",
      "We have a policy against printing vulgarities in our magazine.",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "The freedom of unlimited choice can easily push a bespoke creation into the realm of absurdity, or worse, vulgarity . \u2014 Basem Wasef, Robb Report , 23 May 2022",
      "Several hours of passionate, but mostly polite discourse were peppered with moments of profanity, vulgarity and absurdity. \u2014 Deborah Sullivan Brennan, San Diego Union-Tribune , 22 May 2022",
      "But there's also a refreshing level of humor and vulgarity throughout, especially in comparison to other massive Shonen Jump franchises. \u2014 Christian Holub, EW.com , 16 May 2022",
      "Certainly the lyrics in NG La Banda\u2019s songs could be rough, with vulgarity and what some listeners construed as misogyny. \u2014 New York Times , 28 Apr. 2022",
      "These early reports were written after Rembrandt\u2019s death, when Dutch art was reverting to classical values: nature idealized, decorum upheld, vulgarity disdained. \u2014 Washington Post , 6 Apr. 2022",
      "On the sandbags outside the hospital are painted words from a song sung by Ukrainian soccer fans, which during the war has become a common Ukrainian slogan denigrating Russian President Vladimir Putin with a vulgarity . \u2014 Scott Peterson, The Christian Science Monitor , 11 Mar. 2022",
      "The rest of the collection's art and text generally errs on the side of cartoonish fun, with very little in the way of vulgarity or adult themes (beyond, uh, a s\u00e9ance hosted by high schoolers who want to have demons grant their wishes). \u2014 Sam Machkovech, Ars Technica , 18 Apr. 2022",
      "These are images of hyperbolic sensuality where pleasure approaches vulgarity . \u2014 Abbey Bender, New York Times , 29 Mar. 2022"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{
      "1579, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-015604"
  },
  "vulnerable":{
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "adverb",
      "noun",
      "noun,"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": capable of being physically or emotionally wounded":[],
      ": open to attack or damage : assailable":[
        "vulnerable to criticism"
      ],
      ": liable to increased penalties but entitled to increased bonuses after winning a game in contract bridge":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-n(\u0259-)r\u0259-b\u0259l",
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-n\u0259r-b\u0259l",
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-n\u0259-r\u0259-b\u0259l",
      "\u02c8v\u0259ln-(\u0259-)r\u0259-b\u0259l, \u02c8v\u0259l-n\u0259r-b\u0259l"
    ],
    "synonyms":[
      "endangered",
      "exposed",
      "liable",
      "open",
      "sensitive",
      "subject (to)",
      "susceptible"
    ],
    "antonyms":[
      "insusceptible",
      "invulnerable",
      "unexposed",
      "unsusceptible"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "He was very vulnerable after his divorce.",
      "The troops were in a vulnerable position.",
      "The fort was undefended and vulnerable .",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Children are the most vulnerable \u2014 hundreds have already died of hunger and related illnesses in recent months. \u2014 Washington Post , 30 June 2022",
      "The entities that employed higher leverage in the past are now the most vulnerable , the bank said. \u2014 Fortune , 30 June 2022",
      "This scenario impacts the poorest (largely rural and farming) communities, which are also the most vulnerable to climate change. \u2014 Ankit Mishra, Forbes , 28 June 2022",
      "Houseless people, who are among the most vulnerable to climate events like flooding, high heat, and smoke exposure, are facing even more anxiety as the pandemic has accelerated an already severe housing crisis. \u2014 Colleen De Bellefonds, SELF , 27 June 2022",
      "This is an historic victory for the Constitution and for the most vulnerable in our society. \u2014 Globe Staff, BostonGlobe.com , 24 June 2022",
      "This decision will impact the most vulnerable among us. \u2014 Chris Bumbaca, USA TODAY , 24 June 2022",
      "Among the most vulnerable may be start-ups that launched their own cryptocurrencies, as prices plummet across the board. \u2014 New York Times , 14 June 2022",
      "And that\u2019s especially true among people 65 and older, who have been the most vulnerable to the disease. \u2014 Josh Fischman, Scientific American , 13 June 2022"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Late Latin vulnerabilis , from Latin vulnerare to wound, from vulner-, vulnus wound; probably akin to Latin vellere to pluck, Greek oul\u0113 wound":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "circa 1616, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-231431"
  },
  "vulture":{
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": any of various large birds (families Accipitridae and Cathartidae) that are related to the hawks, eagles, and falcons but have weaker claws and the head usually naked and that subsist chiefly or entirely on carrion":[],
      ": a rapacious or predatory person":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-ch\u0259r"
    ],
    "synonyms":[
      "bloodsucker",
      "buzzard",
      "harpy",
      "kite",
      "predator",
      "shark",
      "vampire",
      "wolf"
    ],
    "antonyms":[
      "prey"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "As soon as they learned of his arrest, the media vultures started circling.",
      "noted that the paparazzi are vultures who could not exist without the connivance of the tabloid-buying public",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "The vulture stood for Upper Egypt, for instance, and the cobra for Lower Egypt; both were included in the regalia of Tut, who presided over the united regions. \u2014 Mark Jenkins, Washington Post , 23 June 2022",
      "The 46 depictions of the goddesses envision them in the form of vulture bodies with outstretched wings. \u2014 Jane Recker, Smithsonian Magazine , 26 May 2022",
      "Distressed-debt investors, sometimes called vulture funds, typically flock to government bonds trading at such low prices. \u2014 Matt Wirz And Alexander Saeedy, WSJ , 15 Mar. 2022",
      "The California condor is a New World vulture and the largest North American bird. \u2014 Catherine Garcia, The Week , 5 May 2022",
      "The penguin, emu, vulture , and bald eagle exhibits have been temporarily closed since last month. \u2014 Stephanie Wenger, PEOPLE.com , 4 Apr. 2022",
      "Worcester County: The region hosted three sandhill cranes at the Bolton Flats in Bolton, two black vultures in Fitchburg, two more in Blackstone, a single black vulture in Hardwick, and a rough-legged hawk near the Uxbridge Community Garden. \u2014 BostonGlobe.com , 5 Mar. 2022",
      "Ad sales kept papers profitable and hid the decline in the recent past, as did thinner newspapers and fewer journalists at the office, until the current point of vulture media mogul-ism. \u2014 Anthony Hennen, National Review , 26 Oct. 2021",
      "Enter China, which is circling Central America like a vulture . \u2014 Mary Anastasia O\u2019grady, WSJ , 9 Jan. 2022"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English vultur , from Anglo-French, from Latin":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-185643"
  },
  "vulgarism":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": vulgarity":[],
      ": a word or expression originated or used chiefly by illiterate persons":[],
      ": a coarse word or phrase : obscenity":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-g\u0259-\u02ccri-z\u0259m"
    ],
    "synonyms":[
      "curse",
      "cuss",
      "cussword",
      "dirty word",
      "expletive",
      "four-letter word",
      "obscenity",
      "profanity",
      "swear",
      "swearword"
    ],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "used vulgarisms that embarrassed his family",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "As the Oxford English Dictionary notes, the expression not hardly is considered a vulgarism . \u2014 Nr Editors, National Review , 16 Apr. 2020",
      "The British cringed over new American accents, coinages and vulgarisms . \u2014 Time , 11 June 2019",
      "Trump himself has deployed vulgarisms for the female anatomy, plus T-shirts calling Democrat Hillary Clinton the same word were regularly spotted at Trump rallies during the 2016 campaign. \u2014 Maria Puente, USA TODAY , 1 June 2018",
      "As her unwillingness to come right out and say a vulgarism suggests, Mrs. Bush was in many ways a throwback. \u2014 Mark Feeney, BostonGlobe.com , 17 Apr. 2018"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{
      "circa 1676, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-053548"
  },
  "vulgar":{
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "adverb"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste : coarse":[],
      ": morally crude, undeveloped, or unregenerate : gross":[],
      ": ostentatious or excessive in expenditure or display : pretentious":[],
      ": offensive in language : earthy":[],
      ": lewdly or profanely indecent":[],
      ": generally used, applied, or accepted":[],
      ": understood in or having the ordinary sense":[
        "they reject the vulgar conception of miracle",
        "\u2014 W. R. Inge"
      ],
      ": vernacular":[
        "the vulgar name of a plant"
      ],
      ": of or relating to the common people : plebeian":[],
      ": generally current : public":[
        "the vulgar opinion of that time"
      ],
      ": of the usual, typical, or ordinary kind":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-g\u0259r"
    ],
    "synonyms":[
      "baseborn",
      "common",
      "humble",
      "ignoble",
      "inferior",
      "low",
      "low-life",
      "lowborn",
      "lower-class",
      "lowly",
      "lumpen",
      "mean",
      "plebeian",
      "prole",
      "proletarian",
      "unwashed"
    ],
    "antonyms":[
      "aristocratic",
      "blue-blooded",
      "genteel",
      "gentle",
      "grand",
      "great",
      "high",
      "highborn",
      "highbred",
      "lofty",
      "noble",
      "patrician",
      "upper-class",
      "upper-crust",
      "wellborn"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"Choose the Right Synonym for vulgar common , ordinary , plain , familiar , popular , vulgar mean generally met with and not in any way special, strange, or unusual. common implies usual everyday quality or frequency of occurrence a common error lacked common honesty and may additionally suggest inferiority or coarseness. common manners ordinary stresses conformance in quality or kind with the regular order of things. an ordinary pleasant summer day a very ordinary sort of man plain is likely to suggest homely simplicity. plain hard-working people familiar stresses the fact of being generally known and easily recognized. a familiar melody popular applies to what is accepted by or prevalent among people in general sometimes in contrast to upper classes or special groups. a writer of popular romances vulgar , otherwise similar to popular , is likely to carry derogatory connotations (as of inferiority or coarseness). souvenirs designed to appeal to the vulgar taste coarse , vulgar , gross , obscene , ribald mean offensive to good taste or morals. coarse implies roughness, rudeness, or crudeness of spirit, behavior, or language. found the coarse humor of coworkers offensive vulgar often implies boorishness or ill-breeding. a loud vulgar belch gross implies extreme coarseness and insensitiveness. gross eating habits obscene applies to anything strongly repulsive to the sense of decency and propriety especially in sexual matters. obscene language not allowed on the air ribald applies to what is amusingly or picturesquely vulgar or irreverent or mildly indecent. entertained the campers with ribald folk songs",
    "examples":[
      "He was a vulgar man.",
      "She had a coarse, vulgar laugh.",
      "I will not tolerate such vulgar language in my home.",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "The county can delete user comments deemed vulgar , obscene, harassing or threatening, records said. \u2014 Sarah Nelson, The Indianapolis Star , 16 June 2022",
      "One of the most violent, vulgar shows in existence is returning for at least one more season. \u2014 Jacob Siegal, BGR , 10 June 2022",
      "Over six weeks, the trial turned into a vulgar popularity contest tallied via coffee shop tip jars and celebrity Instagram likes. \u2014 Meredith Blake, Los Angeles Times , 3 June 2022",
      "Photos of the aftermath show Depp wrote vulgar messages to his wife in blood on the walls of the house. \u2014 Matthew Barakat, ajc , 7 May 2022",
      "The two exchange extremely vulgar insults and slanderous feelings toward one another, every line consistently rhyming throughout. \u2014 Ej Panaligan, Billboard , 13 May 2022",
      "The chip on her shoulder led her to write a grand statement song, its title a vulgar epithet. \u2014 New York Times , 12 May 2022",
      "Several speakers made vulgar jokes about the supervisors or delivered blistering insults. \u2014 Deborah Sullivan Brennan, San Diego Union-Tribune , 10 May 2022",
      "The incident has since been memorialized by a Ukrainian stamp depicting a border guard making a vulgar gesture toward the Moskva. \u2014 Zachary Snowdon Smith, Forbes , 5 May 2022"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English, from Latin vulgaris of the mob, vulgar, from volgus, vulgus mob, common people":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 3a":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-041832"
  },
  "vulgarize":{
    "type":[
      "noun",
      "verb"
    ],
    "definitions":[
      ": to diffuse generally : popularize",
      ": to make vulgar : coarsen"
    ],
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-g\u0259-\u02ccr\u012bz"
    ],
    "synonyms":[
      "hackney",
      "overexpose",
      "overuse",
      "stereotype"
    ],
    "antonyms":[],
    "examples":[
      "The movie is a vulgarized version of the original story.",
      "the composer's masterpiece has been hopelessly vulgarized by its use in countless TV commercials"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":[],
    "first_known_use":[
      "1709, in the meaning defined at sense 1"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220701-124711"
  },
  "Vulgar Latin":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": the nonclassical Latin of ancient Rome including the speech of plebeians and the informal speech of the educated established by comparative evidence as the chief source of the Romance languages":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{
      "1643, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-190200"
  },
  "vulgar law":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":[
      ": law arising in the time of the Roman Empire from sources (as foreigners in the provinces) other than the Roman law or applicable in places or provinces not under the Roman law"
    ],
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":[],
    "first_known_use":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220703-202212"
  },
  "vulgarness":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":[
      ": vulgarity"
    ],
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":[],
    "first_known_use":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220704-151028"
  },
  "vulgar purgation":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":[
      ": purgation by combat or by ordeal by fire or water \u2014 compare canonical purgation"
    ],
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":[
      "so called from its not having been sanctioned by the church"
    ],
    "first_known_use":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220705-020538"
  },
  "vulgate":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":[
      ": a Latin version of the Bible authorized and used by the Roman Catholic Church",
      ": a commonly accepted text or reading",
      ": the speech of the common people and especially of uneducated people"
    ],
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-\u02ccg\u0101t",
      "-g\u0259t"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":[
      "Medieval Latin vulgata , from Late Latin vulgata editio edition in general circulation"
    ],
    "first_known_use":[
      "1728, in the meaning defined at sense 1"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220705-072454"
  },
  "vulgus":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":[
      ": a short composition in Latin verse formerly common as an exercise in some English public schools"
    ],
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8v\u0259l-g\u0259s"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":[
      "probably alteration of obsolete vulgars English sentences to be translated into Latin"
    ],
    "first_known_use":[
      "1856, in the meaning defined above"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220705-091214"
  },
  "vulned":{
    "type":[
      "adjective"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": wounded":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8v\u0259lnd"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Latin vuln us wound + English -ed":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-111550"
  }
}