dict_dl/en_MerriamWebster/ech_MW.json

{
  "echelon":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a flight formation in which each airplane flies at a certain elevation above or below and at a certain distance behind and to the right or left of the airplane ahead":[],
      ": a formation of units or individuals resembling such an echelon":[
        "geese flying in echelon"
      ],
      ": a group of individuals at a particular level or grade in an organization or field of activity":[
        "the upper echelons of management"
      ],
      ": an arrangement of a body of troops with its units each somewhat to the left or right of the one in the rear like a series of steps":[],
      ": one of a series of levels or grades in an organization or field of activity":[
        "involved employees at every echelon"
      ],
      ": to form or arrange in an echelon":[],
      ": to take position in an echelon":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Noun",
      "the lower echelons of the bureaucracy",
      "We heard stories of corruption in the upper echelons of the firm.",
      "Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
      "Two years of relative anonymity in Jim Harbaugh\u2019s program were forgotten when Ojabo ascended to the upper echelon of collegiate pass rushers while playing opposite Aidan Hutchinson in 2021. \u2014 Michael Cohen, Detroit Free Press , 30 Apr. 2022",
      "House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\u2014who did not attend the Gridiron Dinner\u2014announced that she, too, was infected last week, highlighting the wider spread of the virus among Washington's upper echelon . \u2014 Beth Mole, Ars Technica , 11 Apr. 2022",
      "Rob Halford\u2019s stage presence, his stage persona, and his stage look were always upper echelon . \u2014 Kory Grow, Rolling Stone , 10 Mar. 2022",
      "Instead, the Ravens displayed the maturity and focus of a team among the upper echelon of AFC contenders. \u2014 Mike Jones, USA TODAY , 17 Oct. 2021",
      "During his three-year tenure, the coach/general manager has rebuilt the Sky\u2019s foundation and put the team in position to contend among the upper echelon of the league. \u2014 James Kay, chicagotribune.com , 10 Oct. 2021",
      "All three are in the upper echelon of NBA royalty, making Africa an attractive place to seek out further talent. \u2014 Morten Jensen, Forbes , 29 May 2022",
      "One of his first moves\u2014even before the Ukraine invasion\u2014was to replace the entire top echelon of his ministry, including most of its 11 director-generals. \u2014 Bojan Pancevski, WSJ , 17 May 2022",
      "Come the 1870s\u2014the start of the Gilded Age in America\u2014white tie was the definitive formal dress for the upper echelon . \u2014 Elise Taylor, Vogue , 26 Apr. 2022"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1796, in the meaning defined at sense 1a(1)":"Noun",
      "circa 1860, in the meaning defined at transitive sense":"Verb"
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "French \u00e9chelon , literally, rung of a ladder, from Old French eschelon , from eschele ladder, from Late Latin scala":"Noun"
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8e-sh\u0259-\u02ccl\u00e4n"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "degree",
      "footing",
      "level",
      "place",
      "position",
      "rank",
      "ranking",
      "reach(es)",
      "rung",
      "situation",
      "standing",
      "station",
      "status",
      "stratum"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-011804",
    "type":[
      "noun",
      "verb"
    ]
  },
  "echo":{
    "antonyms":[
      "reecho",
      "resonate",
      "resound",
      "reverberate",
      "sound"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a nymph in Greek mythology who pines away for love of Narcissus until nothing is left of her but her voice":[],
      ": a repetition or imitation of another : reflection":[],
      ": a soft repetition of a musical phrase":[],
      ": one who closely imitates or repeats another's words, ideas, or acts":[],
      ": repeat , imitate":[
        "children echoing their teacher's words"
      ],
      ": repercussion , result":[],
      ": response":[],
      ": the reflection of transmitted radar signals by an object":[],
      ": the repetition of a received radio signal due especially to reflection of part of the wave from an ionized layer of the atmosphere":[],
      ": the repetition of a sound caused by reflection of sound waves":[],
      ": the sound due to such reflection":[],
      ": the visual indication of this reflection on a radarscope":[],
      ": to be reminiscent of : evoke":[
        "music that echoes an earlier time"
      ],
      ": to produce an echo":[],
      ": to resound with echoes":[],
      ": to restate in support or agreement":[
        "his successor echoed his opinion"
      ],
      ": to send back (a sound) by the reflection of sound waves":[],
      ": trace , vestige":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Noun (1)",
      "We shouted into the canyon and listened to the echo of our voices.",
      "the echo of footsteps in the hall",
      "His work contains echoes of older and greater poets.",
      "The book's title is an echo of a line from an old folk song.",
      "The crime is a chilling echo of the murders that shocked the city two years ago.",
      "Verb",
      "The music echoed through the church.",
      "Laughter echoed across the lake.",
      "Their voices echoed in the hall.",
      "His warnings are echoed by many other experts in the field.",
      "\u201cIt's in Rome.\u201d \u201cIn Rome",
      "Others have echoed her criticisms.",
      "The book's title echoes a line from an old folk song.",
      "The crime echoes last year's shocking murders.",
      "Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
      "Yes, partisans are increasingly angry, tribal and isolated in media echo chambers. \u2014 Verlan Lewis And Hyrum Lewis, WSJ , 17 June 2022",
      "Instead, the platforms have become echo chambers of opinions. \u2014 Peter Suciu, Forbes , 17 June 2022",
      "The first step in doing our part is to ensure the community has access to other opinions, articles, and sources that expose them to viewpoints outside of their echo chambers. \u2014 Jill Griffin, Forbes , 2 May 2022",
      "This below-the-surface Trump skepticism is an echo of 2016. \u2014 Walter Shapiro, The New Republic , 24 May 2022",
      "Jackson's plight is an echo of the Flint, Michigan water crisis, another majority Black community that has struggled with its water since 2014. \u2014 Maya Brown, CNN , 19 Apr. 2022",
      "The trends in some of California\u2019s most populous areas are an echo of what has been seen in parts of the East Coast, where a small wave has begun in New York and Massachusetts. \u2014 Laura Blasey, Los Angeles Times , 6 Apr. 2022",
      "And her self-doubt is similarly an echo of the internal voice that shames us for overreacting when the danger passes. \u2014 Jessica Kiang, Variety , 21 Jan. 2022",
      "The comment was seen as an echo of Russian talking points, leading to a clash with Secretary of State Antony Blinken and prompting rebukes from Russia watchers. \u2014 Eugene Scott, Washington Post , 13 May 2022",
      "Recent Examples on the Web: Verb",
      "That would echo past episodes, including early in the pandemic, when the ECB\u2019s efforts at restoring market confidence fell flat, and the bank was pressured to produce a more ambitious plan. \u2014 Tom Fairless, WSJ , 15 June 2022",
      "Marchant is the president of the America First Secretary of State Coalition, a group of secretary candidates who echo lies about the 2020 election. \u2014 Mark Murray, NBC News , 14 June 2022",
      "But parents say those ideas, which echo advice from many authorities, have not always panned out. \u2014 Brittany Shammas, Washington Post , 2 June 2022",
      "Analysts say that could echo the United States\u2019 failed approach of supplying the Afghan military with equipment that couldn\u2019t be maintained absent massive logistical support. \u2014 New York Times , 6 June 2022",
      "That pivotal interview scene fills in important blanks about Autumn's personal life -- and may echo the experiences of many viewers. \u2014 Scottie Andrew, CNN , 2 June 2022",
      "Three of the candidates \u2014 Holdorff Polhill, Newhouse and Park \u2014 echo mayoral candidate Rick Caruso in calling for increasing the ranks of the LAPD to something close to 11,000 officers. \u2014 James Rainey, Los Angeles Times , 28 May 2022",
      "As part of the 2022 Birdland Summer Music Series, Smash Mouth and other bands will visit Baltimore, and the band\u2019s biggest hit will surely echo around the ballpark. \u2014 Andy Kostka, Baltimore Sun , 26 May 2022",
      "Odis Johnson, executive director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Safe and Healthy Schools, said many of the proposals now echo those that were tried in the wake of other school shootings. \u2014 Moriah Balingit, Anchorage Daily News , 26 May 2022"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":"Noun",
      "1595, in the meaning defined above":"Noun",
      "1596, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 1":"Verb",
      "1952, in the meaning defined above":"Communications code word"
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Greek \u0112ch\u014d":"Noun",
      "Middle English ecco , from Middle French & Latin; Middle French echo , from Latin, from Greek \u0113ch\u014d ; akin to Latin vagire to wail, Greek \u0113ch\u0113 sound":"Noun"
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8e-k\u014d",
      "\u02c8e-(\u02cc)k\u014d",
      "\u02c8ek-(\u02cc)\u014d"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "aper",
      "copycat",
      "copyist",
      "follower",
      "imitator",
      "rubber stamp",
      "wannabe",
      "wannabee"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-180225",
    "type":[
      "abbreviation",
      "adjective",
      "communications code word",
      "noun",
      "verb"
    ]
  },
  "echt":{
    "antonyms":[
      "bogus",
      "counterfeit",
      "fake",
      "false",
      "mock",
      "phony",
      "phoney",
      "pseudo",
      "sham",
      "spurious",
      "suppositious",
      "supposititious",
      "unauthentic",
      "unreal"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": true , genuine":[
        "an echt New Yorker"
      ]
    },
    "examples":[
      "an echt New Englander wouldn't think of putting tomatoes in clam chowder",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Wood entrances me as the Arensberg circle\u2019s most outstanding echt American, other than Man Ray. \u2014 Peter Schjeldahl, The New Yorker , 7 Mar. 2022",
      "Its design is echt seventies, using more fonts than the exhibition had artists, and features photographs of the six artists, from grinning baby pictures to pensive head shots. \u2014 Andrea K. Scott, The New Yorker , 3 July 2021",
      "Pot and pseudo-profundity go together like pot and finger food, and there\u2019s no more pseudo-profound album from the pseudo-profound, echt -awesome world of prog-rock than Fragile. \u2014 Vulture Editors, Vulture , 20 Apr. 2021"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1916, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "German echt & Yiddish ekht":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8e\u1e35t"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "authentic",
      "bona fide",
      "certifiable",
      "certified",
      "dinkum",
      "genuine",
      "honest",
      "pukka",
      "pucka",
      "real",
      "right",
      "sure-enough",
      "true"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-061617",
    "type":[
      "adjective"
    ]
  },
  "echinococcus":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": any of a genus ( Echinococcus ) of tapeworms that alternate a minute adult living as a commensal in the intestine of carnivores with a hydatid larva invading tissues especially of the liver of cattle, sheep, swine, and humans and acting as a dangerous pathogen":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "i-\u02cck\u012b-n\u0259-\u02c8k\u00e4-k\u0259s",
      "-n\u0259-\u02c8k\u00e4k-\u0259s"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "But about half of patients that receive treatment for an echinococcus illness do so within a few years of being infected. \u2014 Korin Miller, SELF , 2 Aug. 2018"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "borrowed from New Latin, genus name, from echino- echino- + -coccus -coccus":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "1839, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220709-030633"
  },
  "echinocystis":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a genus of prostrate or climbing American herbaceous plants (family Cucurbitaceae) with greenish white flowers followed by densely spiny oblong to ovate fruits":[],
      ": any plant of the genus Echinocystis":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\"+\u02c8sist\u0259\u0307s"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "New Latin, from echin- + -cystis ; from the spiny globular fruit":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220709-073911"
  },
  "echinococcosis":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": infestation with or disease caused by an echinococcus":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "i-\u02cck\u012b-n\u0259-k\u00e4-\u02c8k\u014d-s\u0259s"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Echinococcus worms, which are tiny tapeworms, can cause an illness called echinococcosis . \u2014 Korin Miller, SELF , 2 Aug. 2018"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "echinococcus + -osis":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "1900, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220709-135740"
  },
  "Echinocystoida":{
    "type":[
      "plural noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": an order of Silurian fossil echinoids having small irregular spheroidal or flattened tests":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\"+s\u0259\u0307\u02c8st\u022fid\u0259"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "New Latin, irregular from Echinocystites , fossil genus of Echinodermata (from echin- + -cystis + -ites -ite) + -oida":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220709-172118"
  },
  "echolalia":{
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": the often pathological repetition of what is said by other people as if echoing them":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02ccek-\u014d-\u02c8l\u0101-l\u0113-\u0259",
      "\u02cce-k\u014d-\u02c8l\u0101-l\u0113-\u0259"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "The stars again with their echolalia , their vanishing. \u2014 Deborah Landau, The New Yorker , 20 June 2022",
      "The repetition of speech is called echolalia and is a common sign of autism. \u2014 Washington Post , 30 Apr. 2022",
      "The flapping and the echolalia are not just oddities. \u2014 David Dobbs, WIRED , 10 Feb. 2012"
    ],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "New Latin":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "circa 1885, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220709-221248"
  },
  "echinus":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": sea urchin":[],
      ": the rounded molding that lies directly beneath the abacus in the capital of a column in the Greek Doric order":[],
      ": a similar member in other orders":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "i-\u02c8k\u012b-n\u0259s"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English, \"sea urchin,\" borrowed from Latin ech\u012bnus \"sea urchin, molding in a Doric capital,\" borrowed from Greek ech\u00eenos \"hedgehog, sea urchin,\" going back to Indo-European *h 1 e\u01f5 h i-Hno- \"hedgehog,\" whence, with o-ablaut, Armenian ozni (< *h 1 o\u01f5 h i-Hn-(i)i\u032feh 2 - ); with a change of suffix, Germanic *egila-, whence Old English igil, \u012bl \"hedgehog,\" Old Saxon igil, Middle Dutch eghel, Old High German igil, Old Icelandic igull, \u00edgull \"sea urchin\"; from a base *h 1 e\u01f5 h i-i\u032fo-, Russian j\u00eb\u017e, genitive je\u017e\u00e1 \"hedgehog,\" Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian j\u00ea\u017e, genitive j\u00e9\u017ea, Lithuanian e\u017ey\u0342s":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{
      "14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220710-011820"
  },
  "echoless":{
    "type":[
      "adjective"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": having or producing no echo":[
        "the hollow and echoless darkness",
        "\u2014 K. L. Patton"
      ]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8ek\u014dl\u0259\u0307s"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220710-015015"
  },
  "Echites":{
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a large genus of woody vines (family Apocynaceae) chiefly of tropical America having a 5-lobed disk in the flowers and a glandular or fine-scaled calyx":[]
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "-\u02c8k\u012bt\u0113z"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "antonyms":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "examples":[],
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "New Latin, irregular from Greek echis viper; from the coiling stem of some species":""
    },
    "first_known_use":{},
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220710-024055"
  }
}