dict_dl/en_MerriamWebster/mum_MW.json

{
  "Mumford":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      "Lewis 1895\u20131990 American writer":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259m(p)-f\u0259rd"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-073727",
    "type":[
      "biographical name"
    ]
  },
  "mum":{
    "antonyms":[
      "communicative",
      "speaking",
      "talking"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": a strong ale or beer":[],
      ": chrysanthemum":[],
      ": silent":[
        "keep mum"
      ],
      ": to go about merrymaking in disguise during festivals":[],
      ": to perform in a pantomime":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Adjective",
      "I'd like to know how much they paid, but they've been mum on that subject.",
      "kept mum about the surprise bridal shower"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "14th century, in the meaning defined above":"Adjective",
      "15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":"Verb",
      "1891, in the meaning defined above":"Noun",
      "circa 1623, in the meaning defined above":"Noun"
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "German Mumme":"Noun",
      "Middle English mom, momme , probably imitative of a sound made with closed lips":"Adjective",
      "Middle English mommen , to mumble, perform (a mummer's play), probably in part from mom , in part from Middle French momer to go masked":"Verb"
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259m"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "dumb",
      "mute",
      "muted",
      "silent",
      "speechless",
      "uncommunicative",
      "wordless"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-192828",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun",
      "verb"
    ]
  },
  "mumble":{
    "antonyms":[
      "speak out",
      "speak up"
    ],
    "definitions":{
      ": to chew or bite with or as if with toothless gums":[],
      ": to utter with a low inarticulate voice":[],
      ": to utter words in a low confused indistinct manner : mutter":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "He mumbled something and then left.",
      "He mumbled \u201cGoodbye\u201d and then left.",
      "I can't understand you when you mumble .",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "The disorder was partially charming but mostly just cringe-inducing, to the point that maybe the show\u2019s producers should have just fully embraced the chaos and hired John Wilson to mumble through the festivities. \u2014 Andrew R. Chow, Time , 1 Mar. 2021",
      "During the lecture, Hawking would mumble a few seemingly incoherent words, one of his graduate students familiar with his speech would translate into understandable English, and then Linde would translate into Russian. \u2014 Alan Lightman, The Atlantic , 8 Feb. 2021",
      "But others have seemed nervous, mumbling or shuffling to find their papers. \u2014 Mel Fronczek, The Indianapolis Star , 18 May 2020",
      "My habit at the playground is to keep mostly to myself, mumbling small talk with the other dads only when not speaking at all would be more awkward. \u2014 Teddy Wayne, New York Times , 28 Feb. 2020",
      "Their sensationalisation of nigh-on any story is remarkable, where even someone mumbling Rojo's name in the streets of Istanbul could well have sparked this story. \u2014 SI.com , 14 Aug. 2019",
      "His awkward refusal, mumbling condolences, and phone-snatching have, inevitably, been used against him by critics. \u2014 Madeleine Kearns, National Review , 10 Dec. 2019",
      "Hopkins is in the same shuffling, mumbling mode he\u2019s deployed in many recent performances (including his roles in the HBO show Westworld and the Thor series), and uses that appearance of absentmindedness to his character\u2019s advantage. \u2014 David Sims, The Atlantic , 29 Nov. 2019",
      "The University of Louisville basketball coach \u2014 then the head coach at Xavier University \u2014 remembered Williams mumbling his way through a listless recruiting visit, his eyes half-open, his posture problematic. \u2014 Tim Sullivan, The Courier-Journal , 23 Feb. 2020"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "14th century, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English momelen , of imitative origin":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259m-b\u0259l"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "chunter",
      "grunt",
      "mouth",
      "murmur",
      "mutter"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-024856",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "noun",
      "verb"
    ]
  },
  "mumbo jumbo":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a complicated often ritualistic observance with elaborate trappings":[],
      ": an object of superstitious homage and fear":[],
      ": complicated activity or language usually intended to obscure and confuse":[],
      ": language, behavior, or beliefs based on superstition":[],
      ": unnecessarily involved and incomprehensible language : gibberish":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "We were confused by all the legal mumbo jumbo .",
      "His explanation was just a lot of mumbo jumbo .",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "To sort out the weed mumbo jumbo , here\u2019s a guide with information provided from Kelly Kearns, invasive plant coordinator with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the DNR website and the Invasive Plants Association of Wisconsin. \u2014 Jennifer Rude Klett, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , 16 Sep. 2021",
      "But even as Jeff Bezos was gushing about the amazeball-ness of his flirtation with space, the fact is that ultimately, all of that mumbo jumbo is secondary to him. \u2014 Steven Levy, Wired , 21 July 2021",
      "Orr, like a coal plant, blows a lot of smoke around mumbo jumbo like depreciated assets. \u2014 Star Tribune , 4 July 2021",
      "The language the unemployed confront on the forms and notices often is in legal mumbo jumbo . \u2014 Rich Exner, cleveland , 18 May 2021",
      "All the better for the comedy when the Blissfield Butcher (Vince Vaughan) and mousy high school senior Millie (Kathryn Newton) swap bodies thanks to some mumbo jumbo involving an ancient Aztec knife. \u2014 Jim Kiest, San Antonio Express-News , 9 Feb. 2021",
      "Besides, at the 15 minute mark, Barbara gives us permission to stop caring about all the reversing time mumbo jumbo . \u2014 Shannon Carlin, refinery29.com , 16 Dec. 2020",
      "Expect more multiplier mumbo jumbo as the Biden administration begins its tax-and-spend fiesta. \u2014 Andy Kessler, WSJ , 6 Dec. 2020",
      "There\u2019s validity, too, to the argument that Sunday Service is nothing more than , a lot of mumbo jumbo signifying nothing. \u2014 Erik Maza, Town & Country , 4 Mar. 2020"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1738, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Mumbo Jumbo , a masked figure among Mandingo peoples of western Africa":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02ccm\u0259m-b\u014d-\u02c8j\u0259m-(\u02cc)b\u014d"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "abracadabra",
      "babble",
      "blabber",
      "burble",
      "double Dutch",
      "double-talk",
      "drivel",
      "gabble",
      "gibber",
      "gibberish",
      "jabber",
      "jabberwocky",
      "nonsense",
      "prattle",
      "slobber"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-100910",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "mumbudget":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": silence":[],
      ": silent":[],
      ": to be silent":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "probably from mum entry 1 + budget":"Noun"
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-120228",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "intransitive verb",
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "mumchance":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a silent stupid person":[],
      ": an old dice game in which the caster is not permitted to choose the player with whom he contests the stake \u2014 compare hazard":[],
      ": masquerade":[],
      ": silent":[],
      ": silently":[
        "peering down mumchance at its reflection in the river",
        "\u2014 Richard Llewellyn"
      ],
      ": to be silent out of caution or stupidity":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Low German mummenschanze throw in a dice game played by masked revelers, from Middle Low German, from mummen dice game played by masked revelers (from mummen to go masked, perhaps from Middle French momer ) + (assumed) Middle Low German schanze throw of dice, from Middle French chance throw of dice, chance":"Noun"
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\"",
      "-chain-",
      "-cha(a)n-",
      "-ch\u0227n-",
      "\u02c8m\u0259m\u02ccchan(t)s"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220708-084339",
    "type":[
      "adjective",
      "adverb",
      "intransitive verb",
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "mume":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": japanese apricot":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Japanese":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u00fcm\u0113"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-081040",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "mummer":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": one who goes merrymaking in disguise during festivals":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "a street festival featuring mummers in a pantomime",
      "those moonstruck mummers on TV soap operas who have more hair than talent",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Kraken and dark flame, lion and griffin, the sun's son and the mummer 's dragon. \u2014 Abby Gardner, Glamour , 13 May 2019",
      "Attendees will be led in traditional songs from England, Ireland, and the United States, and Revels will perform a mummers play. \u2014 Leslie Anderson, BostonGlobe.com , 11 Mar. 2018",
      "Troupes of mimes and acrobats, musicians and mummers were ubiquitous in early modern Europe. \u2014 A. O. Scott, New York Times , 18 Feb. 2018",
      "Kelce, a center for the Eagles and native of Cleveland Heights, wore a mummer 's outfit that glittered. \u2014 Branson Wright, cleveland.com , 8 Feb. 2018",
      "Kraken and dark flame, lion and griffin, the sun's son and the mummer 's dragon. \u2014 Abby Gardner, Glamour , 13 May 2019",
      "Attendees will be led in traditional songs from England, Ireland, and the United States, and Revels will perform a mummers play. \u2014 Leslie Anderson, BostonGlobe.com , 11 Mar. 2018",
      "Troupes of mimes and acrobats, musicians and mummers were ubiquitous in early modern Europe. \u2014 A. O. Scott, New York Times , 18 Feb. 2018",
      "Kelce, a center for the Eagles and native of Cleveland Heights, wore a mummer 's outfit that glittered. \u2014 Branson Wright, cleveland.com , 8 Feb. 2018"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259-m\u0259r"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[
      "mime",
      "mimic",
      "pantomime",
      "pantomimist"
    ],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-103741",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "mummery":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a performance by mummers":[],
      ": a ridiculous, hypocritical, or pretentious ceremony or performance":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Last week, as Russia prepared to invade Ukraine and Gergiev prepared to lead the Vienna Philharmonic in three concerts at Carnegie Hall, the usual mummery was unfolding. \u2014 Alex Ross, The New Yorker , 3 Mar. 2022",
      "One of the oldest traditions in the United States is begging or the giving tips at the holiday, brought by English settlers and part of the Christmas celebrations associated with mummery and the Lord of Misrule, according to Turino. \u2014 Steven Goode, courant.com , 17 Dec. 2020",
      "Keziah Wallis of Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand says that the rift first appeared in the 19th century, when a new understanding of Buddhism as a rational philosophy free of the mummery of religion began to take hold. \u2014 The Economist , 14 Nov. 2019"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "circa 1530, in the meaning defined at sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle French momerie , from momer":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259-m\u0259-r\u0113"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-234527",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "mummia":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": mummy sense 1":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English momyan , from Medieval Latin mumia":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220707-092908",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "mummichog":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a common killifish ( Fundulus heteroclitus of the family Cyprinodontidae) of eastern North America":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1787, in the meaning defined above":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Narragansett moamittea\u00fag":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259-mi-\u02ccch\u022fg",
      "-\u02ccch\u00e4g"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-184144",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  },
  "mummick":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":[
      "Definition of mummick variant of mammock"
    ],
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":[],
    "history_and_etymology":[],
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259mik"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220703-183748",
    "type":[]
  },
  "mummiform":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": resembling or suggestive of a mummy in appearance":[]
    },
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":{},
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "mummy entry 1 + -form":""
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259m\u0259\u02ccf\u022frm"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-204137",
    "type":[
      "adjective"
    ]
  },
  "mummify":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": to cause to dry up and shrivel":[],
      ": to dry up and shrivel like a mummy":[],
      ": to embalm and dry as or as if a mummy":[],
      ": to make into or like a mummy":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "learning how ancient Egyptians mummified their dead",
      "a body that mummified in the desert heat",
      "a body that was mummified by the desert heat",
      "Recent Examples on the Web",
      "Egyptians would mummify many animals, including pets, to serve as companions in the afterlife with whom they were entombed. \u2014 Maxime Tamsett, CNN , 1 May 2022",
      "It was partially mummified , and wrapped in plastic. \u2014 Rachel Monroe, The Atlantic , 20 Mar. 2020",
      "Tumbleweed piles measuring 20 to 30 feet high shut down state highway SR 240 for 10 hours as the Department of Transportation and police force struggled to resurrect cars mummified in the mess. \u2014 Dakota Kim, Sunset Magazine , 13 Jan. 2020",
      "In fall rake up leaves and rotting or mummified fruit. \u2014 oregonlive , 11 Feb. 2020",
      "Tumbleweed piles measuring 20 to 30 feet high shut down state highway SR 240 for 10 hours as the Department of Transportation and police force struggled to resurrect cars mummified in the mess. \u2014 Dakota Kim, Sunset Magazine , 13 Jan. 2020",
      "Tumbleweed piles measuring 20 to 30 feet high shut down state highway SR 240 for 10 hours as the Department of Transportation and police force struggled to resurrect cars mummified in the mess. \u2014 Dakota Kim, Sunset Magazine , 13 Jan. 2020",
      "Tumbleweed piles measuring 20 to 30 feet high shut down state highway SR 240 for 10 hours as the Department of Transportation and police force struggled to resurrect cars mummified in the mess. \u2014 Dakota Kim, Sunset Magazine , 13 Jan. 2020",
      "Knowledge becomes a mummifying force, formalizing expectations into defeatism. \u2014 Zo\u00eb Hu, The New Republic , 27 Jan. 2020"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1628, in the meaning defined at transitive sense 1":""
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{},
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259-mi-\u02ccf\u012b",
      "\u02c8m\u0259m-i-\u02ccf\u012b"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220708-081416",
    "type":[
      "noun",
      "verb"
    ]
  },
  "mummock":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":[
      "Definition of mummock dialectal English variant of mammock"
    ],
    "examples":[],
    "first_known_use":[],
    "history_and_etymology":[],
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259m\u0259k"
    ],
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220705-094554",
    "type":[]
  },
  "mummy":{
    "antonyms":[],
    "definitions":{
      ": a body embalmed or treated for burial with preservatives in the manner of the ancient Egyptians":[],
      ": a body unusually well preserved":[],
      ": one resembling a mummy":[]
    },
    "examples":[
      "Recent Examples on the Web: Noun",
      "Barsody had found minutes from a Cornell Board of Trustees meeting in 1884 that detailed the arrival of a human mummy called Penpi. \u2014 Maxime Tamsett, CNN , 1 May 2022",
      "Beyond piecing together the ibis\u2019 backstory, Barsody is working to digitize the mummy for inclusion in an upcoming exhibition. \u2014 Meilan Solly, Smithsonian Magazine , 10 May 2022",
      "Unlike a tight mummy , this 650-fill down bag is designed for restless folks who need room to wiggle into the perfect position, including those who like to sleep on their sides. \u2014 Ryan Stuart, Outside Online , 10 May 2021",
      "Researchers examining the mummy at the British Museum thought the remains were male after x-ray images from the 1960s revealed dense packing in its crotch area. \u2014 Joshua Rapp Learn, Scientific American , 30 Mar. 2022",
      "Enlarge / Historical engraving of the mummy of ancient Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I (1888). \u2014 Jennifer Ouellette, Ars Technica , 3 Jan. 2022",
      "Many here, extremely strong, express the immediacy, frontal presence and unique personalities found in early Roman Fayum mummy portraits. \u2014 Lance Esplund, WSJ , 5 Mar. 2022",
      "The series is definitely leaning into the supernatural side with Moon Knight, as his mummy -like costume magically enshrouds Spector, and the hero is seen beating up some kind of creature in a restroom. \u2014 Richard Newby, The Hollywood Reporter , 18 Jan. 2022",
      "Earlier this year, archaeologists working in Alexandria discovered a mummy with a similar gold tongue dating to around 2,000 years ago, as reported by Isis Davis-Marks for Smithsonian magazine at the time. \u2014 Livia Gershon, Smithsonian Magazine , 9 Dec. 2021"
    ],
    "first_known_use":{
      "1615, in the meaning defined at sense 1a":"Noun"
    },
    "history_and_etymology":{
      "Middle English mummie powdered parts of a mummified body used as a drug, from Anglo-French mumie , from Medieval Latin mumia mummy, powdered mummy, from Arabic m\u016bmiya bitumen, mummy, from Persian m\u016bm wax":"Noun"
    },
    "pronounciation":[
      "\u02c8m\u0259-m\u0113"
    ],
    "synonym_discussion":"",
    "synonyms":[],
    "time_of_retrieval":"20220706-125738",
    "type":[
      "noun"
    ]
  }
}